As the global population continues growing, the demand for textiles also increases, putting pres- sure on cotton manufacturers to produce more natural fiber from this already undersupplied resource. Synthetic fibers s...As the global population continues growing, the demand for textiles also increases, putting pres- sure on cotton manufacturers to produce more natural fiber from this already undersupplied resource. Synthetic fibers such as polyester (PET) can be manufactured quickly and cheaply, but these petroleum-based products are detrimental to the environment. With increased efforts to encourage transparency and create a more circular textile economy, other natural alternatives must be considered. This article discusses the existing condition and future possibilities for man- made cellulosic fibers (MMCFs), with an emphasis on using non-woody alternative feedstocks as a starting material. This work focuses on conversion technology suitable for producing textile- grade fibers from non-wood-based dissolving pulp, which may be different in nature from its woody counterpart and therefore behave differently in spinning processes. Derivatization and dissolution methods are detailed, along with spinning techniques and parameters for these pro- cesses. Existing research related to the spinning of non-woody-based dissolving pulp is covered, along with suggestions for the most promising feedstock and technology combinations. In addi- tion, an emerging method of conversion, in which textile fibers are spun from a hydrogel made of an undissolved nano/micro-fibrillated fiber suspension, is briefly discussed due to its unique po- tential. Methods and concepts compiled in this review relate to utilizing alternative feedstocks for future fibers while providing a better understanding of conventional and emerging fiber spinning processes for these fibers.展开更多
As the global population grows,the demand for textiles is increasing rapidly.However,this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more fiber.While synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negati...As the global population grows,the demand for textiles is increasing rapidly.However,this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more fiber.While synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative impact on the environment.On the other hand,fibers from wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and man-made cellulose fibers(MMCFs)from cotton can-not alone meet the growing fiber demand without major stresses on land,water,and existing markets using these materials.With a greater emphasis on transparency and circular economy practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for MMCFs to supple-ment other fiber types.However,introducing new feedstocks with different compositions may require different biomass conversion methods.Therefore,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade fibers.First,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and emerging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled material)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the most suitable and promising processes for these emerging alternative sources of cellulose.It is important to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a meaningful scale,high biomass availability and proximity of conversion facilities are critical factors.In North America,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum,and sugarcane residues are widely available and most suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production methods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium hydroxide)or by emerging cellulose fibrillation methods.While dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose methods could be beneficial from cost,efficiency,and environmental perspectives.Thus,the authors strongly encourage more work in this growing research area.However,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessments is important to determine the best feedstock and technology combinations.展开更多
基金the financial support by the USDA National Needs Fellowship Program(Grant 12513354,project NCZ09489,“Developing Expertise in Risk Analysis and Risk Management for the Bioeconomy”).
文摘As the global population continues growing, the demand for textiles also increases, putting pres- sure on cotton manufacturers to produce more natural fiber from this already undersupplied resource. Synthetic fibers such as polyester (PET) can be manufactured quickly and cheaply, but these petroleum-based products are detrimental to the environment. With increased efforts to encourage transparency and create a more circular textile economy, other natural alternatives must be considered. This article discusses the existing condition and future possibilities for man- made cellulosic fibers (MMCFs), with an emphasis on using non-woody alternative feedstocks as a starting material. This work focuses on conversion technology suitable for producing textile- grade fibers from non-wood-based dissolving pulp, which may be different in nature from its woody counterpart and therefore behave differently in spinning processes. Derivatization and dissolution methods are detailed, along with spinning techniques and parameters for these pro- cesses. Existing research related to the spinning of non-woody-based dissolving pulp is covered, along with suggestions for the most promising feedstock and technology combinations. In addi- tion, an emerging method of conversion, in which textile fibers are spun from a hydrogel made of an undissolved nano/micro-fibrillated fiber suspension, is briefly discussed due to its unique po- tential. Methods and concepts compiled in this review relate to utilizing alternative feedstocks for future fibers while providing a better understanding of conventional and emerging fiber spinning processes for these fibers.
文摘As the global population grows,the demand for textiles is increasing rapidly.However,this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more fiber.While synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative impact on the environment.On the other hand,fibers from wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and man-made cellulose fibers(MMCFs)from cotton can-not alone meet the growing fiber demand without major stresses on land,water,and existing markets using these materials.With a greater emphasis on transparency and circular economy practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for MMCFs to supple-ment other fiber types.However,introducing new feedstocks with different compositions may require different biomass conversion methods.Therefore,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade fibers.First,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and emerging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled material)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the most suitable and promising processes for these emerging alternative sources of cellulose.It is important to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a meaningful scale,high biomass availability and proximity of conversion facilities are critical factors.In North America,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum,and sugarcane residues are widely available and most suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production methods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium hydroxide)or by emerging cellulose fibrillation methods.While dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose methods could be beneficial from cost,efficiency,and environmental perspectives.Thus,the authors strongly encourage more work in this growing research area.However,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessments is important to determine the best feedstock and technology combinations.
