Treatments for disease in the central nervous system(CNS)are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier,achieving optimal dosing,and mitigating off-target effects.The prospect...Treatments for disease in the central nervous system(CNS)are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier,achieving optimal dosing,and mitigating off-target effects.The prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology,which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies(Abs).Here,we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles(NPs),including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled orientation.We also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab–NP conjugates in animals.Finally,we discuss the future outlook for Ab–NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.展开更多
We report a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing tibio-talo-calcaneal fusion due to Charcot joint. Despite the advancement in the management of PAH, the risks of anesthesia, surgery, an...We report a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing tibio-talo-calcaneal fusion due to Charcot joint. Despite the advancement in the management of PAH, the risks of anesthesia, surgery, and postoperative morbidity and mortality still remain high. A 46-year-old female was presented with severe PAH and end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis three times a week. Ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks were performed with 0.5% levobupivacaine 15 ml, 10 ml, and 5 ml, respectively. All the blocks were successful, and the patient underwent uneventful anesthesia and surgery. In addition, the postoperative pain control lasted for 15 h and the patient was discharged on POD 5 without any complications. Therefore, ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks are valuable alternative to the general or neuraxial anesthesia in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.展开更多
Palladio’s design principles,including proportion and harmony,have often been associated with mathematical definitions of beauty.However,the geometric and semantic properties of his fac¸ades have rarely been ana...Palladio’s design principles,including proportion and harmony,have often been associated with mathematical definitions of beauty.However,the geometric and semantic properties of his fac¸ades have rarely been analysed in a holistic manner.There is little evidence of how mathematical beauty may be embodied in his architecture.This research investigates complexity(fractal dimension or D)and diversity(perplexity or PP)as aesthetic indices,aiming to capture distinct characteristics of Palladian architecture.The D and PP values of 22 Palladian villa fac¸ades are measured and analysed,before being compared with those of three Renaissance facades by Sebastiano Serlio.The combination of D and PP captures the geometric and semantic aesthetic qualities of architectural compositions.Importantly,the developed scatter plot of D and PP results supports the identification of four distinct aesthetic types of Palladian fac¸ade designs.The novel combination of D and PP measures contributes to a better understanding of one definition of the mathematical beauty of architecture,wherein“the whole is other than the sum of the parts”in compositional terms(a famous Gestalt principle).Specifically,this research provides new mathematical insights into the visual character of Palladian architecture and compares two important measures thereof.展开更多
This paper presents a method that combines visibility graph and isovist analyses to investigate the spatia[ and social properties of architectural plans for aged care facilities. The potential of the combined method i...This paper presents a method that combines visibility graph and isovist analyses to investigate the spatia[ and social properties of architectural plans for aged care facilities. The potential of the combined method is examined by measuring the properties of three sets of plans for residential aged care facilities. The first set is a pair of hypothetical, idealized plans, which allegedly reflect the ＂best practice＂ in the industry. The second set comprises a pair of plans for recent Australian designs, and the third set is a pair of plans for South Korean facilities. Results of the computational anatysis of these six plans suggest that social and cultural factors may shape the design of aged care settings and partially explain their international differences. The application of this methodological approach contributes to the understanding of the relation- ship between spaces and their cultural and social properties in the design of aged care facitities.展开更多
Andrea Palladio’s Renaissance villas are amongst the most famous and widely studied examples of domestic architecture ever produced.The majority of past research about Palladio’s architecture employed historical,mat...Andrea Palladio’s Renaissance villas are amongst the most famous and widely studied examples of domestic architecture ever produced.The majority of past research about Palladio’s architecture employed historical,mathematical and computational methods to analyse their complex proportional systems and rules.In contrast,this paper examines three of Palladio’s arguments about his villas plans which relate to their spatial properties and topological connections.Specifically,this paper uses a computational method e the justified plan graph(JPG)e to test two arguments about the location and significance of the primary salon on the plan,and a third about the extent to which the rooms in Palladio’s plans are,as he claims,flexible enough to contain alternative functions.Using ten of Palladio’s piano nobile(main floor)plans from I Quattro Libri Dell’Architettura as cases,this paper develops mathematical data to test three hypotheses framed around Palladio’s plans and theories.展开更多
The famous modernist architect Richard Neutra argued that movement through,and understanding of a building could be choreographed by controlling the visual stimuli that is available to a person.These claims are tested...The famous modernist architect Richard Neutra argued that movement through,and understanding of a building could be choreographed by controlling the visual stimuli that is available to a person.These claims are tested by quantifying the lines of sight and intelligibility of five of Neutra’s residential designs.A computational method,weighted axial line analysis,is used to investigate lines of sight and movement in five of Neutra’s house designs.The cumulative lengths of axial lines required to reach public and private spaces are compared,and centrality measures are calculated for each design that are weighted with line length data.Intelligibility metrics are calculated from these centrality measures.The first hypothesis,that visual stimuli in Neutra’s architecture is greater when accessing public rather than private spaces is supported by the results.The second hypothesis,that Neutra’s architecture is highly intelligible,is not supported by the results.This research tests two theories used to explain the works of a famous architect and it develops a new variation of well-known Space Syntax technique,to account for axial line lengths.展开更多
基金Our original work in this field was supported by the National Institutes of Health(grants R01 CA149128 and U01 AI32895)D.V.C.is supported by a training grant from the National Institutes of Health under award number T32 DK007276.
文摘Treatments for disease in the central nervous system(CNS)are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier,achieving optimal dosing,and mitigating off-target effects.The prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology,which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies(Abs).Here,we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles(NPs),including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled orientation.We also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab–NP conjugates in animals.Finally,we discuss the future outlook for Ab–NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.
文摘We report a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing tibio-talo-calcaneal fusion due to Charcot joint. Despite the advancement in the management of PAH, the risks of anesthesia, surgery, and postoperative morbidity and mortality still remain high. A 46-year-old female was presented with severe PAH and end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis three times a week. Ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks were performed with 0.5% levobupivacaine 15 ml, 10 ml, and 5 ml, respectively. All the blocks were successful, and the patient underwent uneventful anesthesia and surgery. In addition, the postoperative pain control lasted for 15 h and the patient was discharged on POD 5 without any complications. Therefore, ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks are valuable alternative to the general or neuraxial anesthesia in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.
基金supported by the ARC(DP220101598)UNSW Scientia program.
文摘Palladio’s design principles,including proportion and harmony,have often been associated with mathematical definitions of beauty.However,the geometric and semantic properties of his fac¸ades have rarely been analysed in a holistic manner.There is little evidence of how mathematical beauty may be embodied in his architecture.This research investigates complexity(fractal dimension or D)and diversity(perplexity or PP)as aesthetic indices,aiming to capture distinct characteristics of Palladian architecture.The D and PP values of 22 Palladian villa fac¸ades are measured and analysed,before being compared with those of three Renaissance facades by Sebastiano Serlio.The combination of D and PP captures the geometric and semantic aesthetic qualities of architectural compositions.Importantly,the developed scatter plot of D and PP results supports the identification of four distinct aesthetic types of Palladian fac¸ade designs.The novel combination of D and PP measures contributes to a better understanding of one definition of the mathematical beauty of architecture,wherein“the whole is other than the sum of the parts”in compositional terms(a famous Gestalt principle).Specifically,this research provides new mathematical insights into the visual character of Palladian architecture and compares two important measures thereof.
文摘This paper presents a method that combines visibility graph and isovist analyses to investigate the spatia[ and social properties of architectural plans for aged care facilities. The potential of the combined method is examined by measuring the properties of three sets of plans for residential aged care facilities. The first set is a pair of hypothetical, idealized plans, which allegedly reflect the ＂best practice＂ in the industry. The second set comprises a pair of plans for recent Australian designs, and the third set is a pair of plans for South Korean facilities. Results of the computational anatysis of these six plans suggest that social and cultural factors may shape the design of aged care settings and partially explain their international differences. The application of this methodological approach contributes to the understanding of the relation- ship between spaces and their cultural and social properties in the design of aged care facitities.
基金Financial support for this research was provided by UNSW Scientia Program.
文摘Andrea Palladio’s Renaissance villas are amongst the most famous and widely studied examples of domestic architecture ever produced.The majority of past research about Palladio’s architecture employed historical,mathematical and computational methods to analyse their complex proportional systems and rules.In contrast,this paper examines three of Palladio’s arguments about his villas plans which relate to their spatial properties and topological connections.Specifically,this paper uses a computational method e the justified plan graph(JPG)e to test two arguments about the location and significance of the primary salon on the plan,and a third about the extent to which the rooms in Palladio’s plans are,as he claims,flexible enough to contain alternative functions.Using ten of Palladio’s piano nobile(main floor)plans from I Quattro Libri Dell’Architettura as cases,this paper develops mathematical data to test three hypotheses framed around Palladio’s plans and theories.
文摘The famous modernist architect Richard Neutra argued that movement through,and understanding of a building could be choreographed by controlling the visual stimuli that is available to a person.These claims are tested by quantifying the lines of sight and intelligibility of five of Neutra’s residential designs.A computational method,weighted axial line analysis,is used to investigate lines of sight and movement in five of Neutra’s house designs.The cumulative lengths of axial lines required to reach public and private spaces are compared,and centrality measures are calculated for each design that are weighted with line length data.Intelligibility metrics are calculated from these centrality measures.The first hypothesis,that visual stimuli in Neutra’s architecture is greater when accessing public rather than private spaces is supported by the results.The second hypothesis,that Neutra’s architecture is highly intelligible,is not supported by the results.This research tests two theories used to explain the works of a famous architect and it develops a new variation of well-known Space Syntax technique,to account for axial line lengths.
