Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroplasticity,such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis,exists throughout the normal lifespan but declines with age and is significantly impaired in individuals with Alzheime...Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroplasticity,such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis,exists throughout the normal lifespan but declines with age and is significantly impaired in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.Hence,promoting neuroplasticity may represent an effective strategy with which Alzheimer’s disease can be alleviated.Due to their significant ability to self-renew,differentiate,and migrate,neural stem cells play an essential role in reversing synaptic and neuronal damage,reducing the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease,including amyloid-β,tau protein,and neuroinflammation,and secreting neurotrophic factors and growth factors that are related to plasticity.These events can promote synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis to repair the microenvironment of the mammalian brain.Consequently,neural stem cells are considered to represent a potential regenerative therapy with which to improve Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we discuss how neural stem cells regulate neuroplasticity and optimize their effects to enhance their potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease in the clinic.展开更多
High-pressure ultrafast dynamics,as a new crossed research direction,are sensitive to subtle non-equilibrium state changes that might be unresolved by equilibrium states measurements,providing crucial information for ...High-pressure ultrafast dynamics,as a new crossed research direction,are sensitive to subtle non-equilibrium state changes that might be unresolved by equilibrium states measurements,providing crucial information for studying delicate phase transitions caused by complex interactions in Mott insulators.With time-resolved transient reflectivity measurements,we identified the new phases in the spin–orbit Mott insulator Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_7 at 300 K that was previously unidentified using conventional approaches such as x-ray diffraction.Significant pressure-dependent variation of the amplitude and lifetime obtained by fitting the reflectivity?R/R reveal the changes of electronic structure caused by lattice distortions,and reflect the critical phenomena of phase transitions.Our findings demonstrate the importance of ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics under extreme conditions for understanding the phase transition of Mott insulators.展开更多
Biliary dyskinesia is a relatively common gastrointestinal disease that is increas-ing in incidence as living standards improve.However,its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,hindering the development of therapeu...Biliary dyskinesia is a relatively common gastrointestinal disease that is increas-ing in incidence as living standards improve.However,its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,hindering the development of therapeutic drugs.Recently,“Expression and functional study of cholecystokinin-A receptors on the interstitial Cajal-like cells of the guinea pig common bile duct”demonstrated that cholecystokinin(CCK)regulates the contractile function of the common bile duct through interaction with the CCK-A receptor in interstitial Cajal-like cells,contributing to improving the academic understanding of biliary tract dynamics and providing emerging directions for the pathogenesis and clinical management of biliary dyskinesia.This letter provides a brief overview of the role of CCK and CCK-A receptors in biliary dyskinesia from the perspective of animal experiments and clinical studies,and discusses prospects and challenges for the clinical application of CCK and CCK-A receptors as potential therapeutic targets.展开更多
AIM:To explore whether routine biopsies at the high incidence spot of esophagogastric junction(EGJ)cancer are justified in endoscopic screening.METHODS:This was a multicenter population-based study conducted in eight ...AIM:To explore whether routine biopsies at the high incidence spot of esophagogastric junction(EGJ)cancer are justified in endoscopic screening.METHODS:This was a multicenter population-based study conducted in eight high-risk areas in China.A total of 37396 participants underwent endoscopic examination.Biopsies were obtained from visible mucosal abnormalities or from normal-appearing mucosa at the high incidence spot of esophagogastric junction cancer when no abnormality was detected.Specimens showing high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HIN)or higher grade lesions were deemed as pathologically"positive".The ratios of positive pathologic diagnosis between participants with abnormal and normal-appearing mucosa were compared using the Pearsonχ2 test.Odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals,adjusted for potential confounders,were calculated using logistic regression.RESULTS:A total of 37520 individuals participated in this study and 37396(99.7%)participants had full information and were suitable for analysis.During endoscopic examinations,9.11%(3405/37396)participants were found to have visible mucosal lesions.Of the participants who had normal-appearing mucosa at the EGJ,only 0.28%(94/33991)were diagnosed with HIN or higher grade lesions,whereas 6.05%(206/3405)of participants with abnormalities at the EGJ had a positive pathologic result.After controlling for other variables,visible abnormal mucosa detected under endoscopy strongly predicted a positive pathologic result(OR=32.51,95%CI:23.96-44.09).The proportion of participants with"positive"pathologic diagnoses increased as the total number of endoscopic examinations performed by the doctors increased(<5000 cases vs5000-10000 cases vs>10000 cases,Z=-2.7207,P=0.0065,Cochran Armiger trend test).The same trend was found between the proportion of participants with positive pathologic diagnoses and the total number of years the doctors performed endoscopy(<5 years vs5-10 years vs>10 years,Z=-10.3222,P<0.001,Cochran Armiger trend test).CONCLUSION:Additional routine biopsies from the high incidence spot of EGJ cancer are of limited value and are unjustified.展开更多
Real-time polarization medium-wave infrared(MIR)optical imaging systems enable the acquisition of infrared and polarization information for a target.At present,real-time polarization MIR devices face the following pro...Real-time polarization medium-wave infrared(MIR)optical imaging systems enable the acquisition of infrared and polarization information for a target.At present,real-time polarization MIR devices face the following problems:poor real-time performance,low transmission and high requirements for fabrication and integration.Herein,we aim to improve the performance of real-time polarization imaging systems in the MIR waveband and solve the above-mentioned defects.Therefore,we propose a MIR polarization imaging system to achieve real-time polarization-modulated imaging with high transmission as well as improved performance based on a pixel-wise metasurface micro-polarization array(PMMPA).The PMMPA element comprises several linear polarization(LP)filters with different polarization angles.The optimization results demonstrate that the transmittance of the center field of view for the LP filters is up to 77%at a wavelength of4.0μm and an extinction ratio of 88 d B.In addition,a near-diffraction-limited real-time MIR imaging optical system is designed with a field of view of 5°and an F-number of 2.The simulation results show that an MIR polarization imaging system with excellent real-time performance and high transmission is achieved by using the optimized PMMPA element.Therefore,the method is compatible with the available optical system design technologies and provides a way to realize real-time polarization imaging in MIR wavebands.展开更多
Ischemic stroke(IS)is the most prevalent form of brain disease,characterized by high morbidity,disability,and mortality.However,there is still a lack of ideal prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice.Not...Ischemic stroke(IS)is the most prevalent form of brain disease,characterized by high morbidity,disability,and mortality.However,there is still a lack of ideal prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice.Notably,the trans-plantation therapy of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has been a hot research topic in stroke.Nevertheless,there are risks associated with this cell therapy,including tumor formation,coagulation dysfunction,and vascular occlusion.Also,a growing number of studies suggest that the therapeutic effect after transplantation of MSCs is mainly attributed to MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos).And this cell-free mediated therapy appears to circumvent many risks and difficulties when compared to cell therapy,and it may be the most promising new strategy for treating stroke as stem cell replacement therapy.Studies suggest that suppressing inflammation via modulation of the immune response is an additional treatment option for IS.Intriguingly,MSC-Exos mediates the inflam-matory immune response following IS by modulating the central nervous system,the peripheral immune system,and immunomodulatory molecules,thereby promoting neurofunctional recovery after stroke.Thus,this paper reviews the role,potential mechanisms,and therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in post-IS inflammation in order to identify new research targets.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are gaining the spotlight in research due to their abundant sources,immune privileges,and ability to proliferate and differentiate.These cells provide invaluable resources for stem cell-bas...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are gaining the spotlight in research due to their abundant sources,immune privileges,and ability to proliferate and differentiate.These cells provide invaluable resources for stem cell-based therapy and present therapeutic opportunities in cell/tissue regeneration medicine.A growing evidence suggests that,mitochondria transfer from MSCs could rescue tissue degeneration caused by mitochondria damage.Although this emerging tissue regeneration treatment method brings hope for the treatment of mitochondria dysfunction related diseases,the necessary conditions and underlying mechanisms for mitochondrial transfer remain poorly understood.In this review,a large number of mitochondrial transfer phenomena between MSCs and recipient cells are summarized,with particular emphasis on the conditions and potential mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer from MSCs,so as to provide reference for the clinical application of MSCs transformation in the future.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the impact of alcohol dehydrogenase-2(ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2) polymorphisms on esophageal cancer susceptibility in Southeast Chinese males.METHODS:Two hundred and twenty-one esophagea...AIM:To evaluate the impact of alcohol dehydrogenase-2(ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2) polymorphisms on esophageal cancer susceptibility in Southeast Chinese males.METHODS:Two hundred and twenty-one esophageal cancer patients and 191 healthy controls from Taixing city in Jiangsu Province were enrolled in this study.ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios(OR) and 95% confi dence interval(CI) .RESULTS:The ADH G allele carriers were more susceptible to esophageal cancer,but no association was found between ADH2 genotypes and risk of esophageal cancer when disregarding alcohol drinking status.Regardless of ADH2 genotype,ALDH2G/A or A/A carriers had significantly increased risk of developing esophageal cancer,with homozygous individuals showing higher esophageal cancer risk than those who were heterozygous.A signif icant interaction between ALDH2 and drinking was detected regarding esophageal cancer risk;the OR was 3.05(95% CI:1.49-6.25) .Compared with non-drinkers carrying both ALDH2 G/G and ADH2 A/A,drinkers carrying both ALDH2 A allele and ADH2 G allele showed a signif icantly higher risk of developing esophageal cancer(OR = 8.36,95% CI:2.98-23.46) .CONCLUSION:Both ADH2 G allele and ALDH2 A allele significantly increase the risk of esophageal cancer development in Southeast Chinese males.ALDH2 A allele significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer development especially in alcohol drinkers.Alcohol drinkers carrying both ADH2 G allele and ALDH2 A allele have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer.展开更多
Recently, as location-based social network(LBSN) rapidly grow, point-of-interest(POI) recommendation has become an important way to help people locate interesting places. Nowadays, there have been deep studies conduct...Recently, as location-based social network(LBSN) rapidly grow, point-of-interest(POI) recommendation has become an important way to help people locate interesting places. Nowadays, there have been deep studies conducted on the geographical and social influence in the point-of-interest recommendation model based on the rating prediction. The fact is, however, relying solely on the rating fails to reflect the user's preferences very accurately, because the users are most concerned with the list of ranked point-of-interests(POIs) on the actual output of recommender systems. In this paper, we propose a co-pairwise ranking model called Geo-Social Bayesian Personalized Ranking model(GSBPR), which is based on the pairwise ranking with the exploiting geo-social correlations by incorporating the method of ranking learning into the process of POI recommendation. In this model, we develop a novel BPR pairwise ranking assumption by injecting users' geo-social preference. Based on this assumption, the POI recommendation model is reformulated by a three-level joint pairwise ranking model. And the experimental results based on real datasets show that the proposed method in this paper enjoys better recommendation performance compared to other state-of-the-art POI recommendation models.展开更多
C–Mn steels prepared by annealing at 800°C for 120 s and overaging at 250–400°C were subjected to pre-straining(2%) and baking treatments(170°C for 20 min) to measure their bake-hardening(BH_2) values...C–Mn steels prepared by annealing at 800°C for 120 s and overaging at 250–400°C were subjected to pre-straining(2%) and baking treatments(170°C for 20 min) to measure their bake-hardening(BH_2) values. The effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and BH_2 behavior of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase(DP) steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicated that the martensite morphology exhibited less variation when the DP steel was overaged at 250–350°C. However, when the DP steel was overaged at 400°C, numerous non-martensite and carbide particles formed and yield-point elongation was observed in the tensile curve. When the overaging temperature was increased from 250 to 400°C, the yield strength increased from 272 to 317 MPa, the tensile strength decreased from 643 to 574 MPa, and the elongation increased from 27.8% to 30.6%. Furthermore, with an increase in overaging temperature from 250 to 400°C, the BH_2 value initially increases and then decreases. The maximum BH_2 value of 83 MPa was observed for the specimen overaged at 350°C.展开更多
Objective: To determine whether Interferon-alpha-2b(IFN-α2b) can modulate the autophagic response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were treated with IFN-α2b. Autophagy was as...Objective: To determine whether Interferon-alpha-2b(IFN-α2b) can modulate the autophagic response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were treated with IFN-α2b. Autophagy was assessed by acridine orange staining, GFP-LC3 dotted assay, transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting.Results: Acridine orange staining showed that IFN-α2b triggered the accumulation of acidic vesicular and autolysosomes in HepG2 cells. The acridine orange HepG2 cell ratios were(4.3±1.0)%,(6.9±1.4)%, and(13.1±2.3)%, respectively, after treatment with 100, 1,000, and 10,000 IU/mL IFN-α2b for 48 h. A markedly punctate pattern was observed in HepG2 cells treated with 10,000 IU/mL IFN-α2b for 48 h, but only diffuse and weakly fluorescent GFP-LC3 puncta was observed in control cells. HepG2 cells treated with 10,000 IU/mL IFN-α2b for 48 h developed autophagosome-like characteristics, including single- or double-membrane vacuoles containing intact and degraded cellular debris. The Beclin1 and LC3-II protein expression was up-regulated by IFN-α2b treatment.Conclusion: Autophagy can be induced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with IFN-α2b in HepG2 cells, and the Beclin1 signaling pathway was stimulated by IFN-α2b.展开更多
Multispectral and polarization cameras that can simultaneously acquire the spatial,spectral,and polarization characteristics of an object have considerable potential applications in target detection,biomedical imaging...Multispectral and polarization cameras that can simultaneously acquire the spatial,spectral,and polarization characteristics of an object have considerable potential applications in target detection,biomedical imaging,and remote sensing.In this work,we develop a common-aperture optical system that can capture multispectral and polarization information.An off-axis three-mirror optical system is mounted on the front end of the proposed system and used as a common-aperture telescope in the visible light(400 nm-750 nm)and long-wave infrared(LWIR,8μm-12μm)waveband.The system can maintain a wide field of view(4.5°)and it can demonstrate an enhanced identification ability.The off-axis three-mirror system gets rid of central obscuration while further yielding stable system resolution and energy.Light that has passed through the front-end common-aperture reflection system is divided into the visible light and LWIR waveband by a beamsplitter.The two wavebands then converge on two detectors through two groups of lenses.Our simulation results indicate that the proposed system can obtain clear images in each waveband to meet the diverse imaging requirements.展开更多
Mercury(Hg)ions can lead to a serious impact on the environment;therefore,it was necessary to find an effective method for absorbing these toxic Hg ions.Here,the adsorbent(Zn-AHMT)was synthesized from zinc nitrate and...Mercury(Hg)ions can lead to a serious impact on the environment;therefore,it was necessary to find an effective method for absorbing these toxic Hg ions.Here,the adsorbent(Zn-AHMT)was synthesized from zinc nitrate and 4-amino 3-hydrazine-5 mercapto-1,2,4-triazole(AHMT)by one-step method and,characterized the microstruc-ture and absorption performance by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunauer-Emmett Teller(BET),Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer(TGA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Through a plethora of measurements,we found that the maximum adsorption capacity was 802.8 mg/g when the optimal pH of Zn-AHMT was 3.0.The isothermal and kinetic experiments confirm that the reaction process of Zn-AHMT was chemisorption,while the adsorption process conforms to the Hill model and pseudo second order kinetic model.Thermodynamic experiments showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic.Selective experiments were performed in the simulated wastewater containing Mn,Mg,Cr,Al,Co,Ni,Hg ions.Our results showed that the Zn-AHMT has a stronger affinity for Hg ions.The removal rate of Zn-AHMT remained above 98%,indicating that the Zn-AHMT had a good stability validated by three adsorption-desorption repeatable tests.According to the XPS results,the adsorption reaction of Zn-AHMT was mainly attributed to the chelation and ion exchange.This was further explained by both density functional theory(DFT)calculation and frontier molecular orbital theory.We therefore propose the adsorption mechanism of Zn-AHMT.The adsorption reaction facilitates via the synergistic action of S and N atoms.Moreover,the bonding between the adsorbent and the N atom has been proved to be more stable.Our study demonstrated that Zn-AHMT had a promising application prospect in mercury removal.展开更多
Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of "cat eye" effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effe...Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of "cat eye" effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a cat eye target. Decentered field lens structure is adopted in the design without sacrificing imaging quality and clear aperture. An imaging system with±30° field of view is taken for example. The detailed design and simulation results are presented. The results indicate that this kind of optical system can reduce the retroreflection signal substantially and maintain acceptable imaging performance.展开更多
Fiber optic methane gas detecting system based on distributed feedback (DFB) laser wavelength scanning technique is demonstrated. Wavelength scan of methane absorption peak at 1665.9 nm is realized by saw tooth modula...Fiber optic methane gas detecting system based on distributed feedback (DFB) laser wavelength scanning technique is demonstrated. Wavelength scan of methane absorption peak at 1665.9 nm is realized by saw tooth modulation of current which is injected to DFB laser. A reference methane gas cell is used to find the methane absorption peak around 1666 nm, and normalization is used to reduce the outside affection such as power drift, fiber loss. Concentration is got by arithmetic processing absorption coefficient of the methane gas. In-situ test is carried out in coal mine and long time precision of 0.05% is achieved. Some spot data of coal mine is introduced. By the system, methane outburst can be measured.展开更多
Objective:Based on the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,the prescription medication rules of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast carbuncle wer...Objective:Based on the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,the prescription medication rules of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast carbuncle were explored by using the software of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).Methods:To screen and retrieve the prescriptions for treating breast carbuncle in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,and data mining was carried out by using association rule algorithm,complex system entropy clustering and so on.Results:A total of 208 prescriptions which met the inclusion criteria were selected,involving 175 traditional Chinese medicines.Among them,23 medicines were found to be more than 21 times in the treatment of breast carbuncle.The nature of the medicine is mainly cold or warm,the flavour of the medicine is mainly bitter or sweet,most of them belong to the spleen,liver,stomach.15 commonly used drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions were obtained.Conclusion:The key pathogenesis of breast carbuncle is liver depression and Qi stagnation,stomach heat blocking collaterals,the treatment is mainly to clear heat and detoxify,regulate Qi to diffuse the knot,which provides reference for the choose of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in treating breast carbuncle.展开更多
The spleen visceral manifestation theory(SVMT)is formed under the simple holistic thinking mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It emphasizes the change of our organic function.And SVMT can make me to understand ...The spleen visceral manifestation theory(SVMT)is formed under the simple holistic thinking mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It emphasizes the change of our organic function.And SVMT can make me to understand the basic characteristics and rules of the organic functional change and disease evolution of spleen(which is a complex giant system from a macroscopic view).However,the formation of SVMT is still in the stage of fuzzy deduction,ignoring the structural basis of its function.As a result,although SVMT has a macroscopic accuracy,it is unable to analyze the internal structure from the perspective of reductionism.The systematic thought of unifying reductionism and holistic dialectics provides the possibility for the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory and modern scientific research.Based on the systematic relationship between spleen storage and malignant tumor,this paper tries to take matter-energy-information as the starting point by drawing lessons from complex scientific theory and using the method of interdisciplinary comprehensive analysis under the guidance of system theory.Explore its mechanism and law more scientifically from the subcellular level,so as to further improve and deepen the theoretical system of malignant tumor research based on SVMT.展开更多
Diabetes comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from various factors.Current diabetes management primarily focuses on blood glucose control,yet it is inherently progressive,nec...Diabetes comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from various factors.Current diabetes management primarily focuses on blood glucose control,yet it is inherently progressive,necessitating increased reliance on exogenous blood glucose control methods over time.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore novel intervention strategies addressing both diabetes and its complications.The human intestinal microbiota,often referred to as the"second genome",exhibits significant diversity and plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance,glucose and lipid metabolism,and inflammatory response.Notably,Li and Guo have elucidated the involvement of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and proposed a novel therapeutic approach targeting intestinal microbes.This advancement enhances our comprehension of the multifaceted and multi-target regulation of T2DM by intestinal microflora,thereby offering fresh avenues for understanding its pathogenesis and clinical management.This letter briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in T2DM based on findings from animal experiments and clinical studies.Additionally,it discusses the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with targeting intestinal flora as therapeutic interventions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074533(to LZ).
文摘Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroplasticity,such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis,exists throughout the normal lifespan but declines with age and is significantly impaired in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.Hence,promoting neuroplasticity may represent an effective strategy with which Alzheimer’s disease can be alleviated.Due to their significant ability to self-renew,differentiate,and migrate,neural stem cells play an essential role in reversing synaptic and neuronal damage,reducing the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease,including amyloid-β,tau protein,and neuroinflammation,and secreting neurotrophic factors and growth factors that are related to plasticity.These events can promote synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis to repair the microenvironment of the mammalian brain.Consequently,neural stem cells are considered to represent a potential regenerative therapy with which to improve Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we discuss how neural stem cells regulate neuroplasticity and optimize their effects to enhance their potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease in the clinic.
基金The project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0305703)Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2016001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1930401 and 11874075)。
文摘High-pressure ultrafast dynamics,as a new crossed research direction,are sensitive to subtle non-equilibrium state changes that might be unresolved by equilibrium states measurements,providing crucial information for studying delicate phase transitions caused by complex interactions in Mott insulators.With time-resolved transient reflectivity measurements,we identified the new phases in the spin–orbit Mott insulator Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_7 at 300 K that was previously unidentified using conventional approaches such as x-ray diffraction.Significant pressure-dependent variation of the amplitude and lifetime obtained by fitting the reflectivity?R/R reveal the changes of electronic structure caused by lattice distortions,and reflect the critical phenomena of phase transitions.Our findings demonstrate the importance of ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics under extreme conditions for understanding the phase transition of Mott insulators.
文摘Biliary dyskinesia is a relatively common gastrointestinal disease that is increas-ing in incidence as living standards improve.However,its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,hindering the development of therapeutic drugs.Recently,“Expression and functional study of cholecystokinin-A receptors on the interstitial Cajal-like cells of the guinea pig common bile duct”demonstrated that cholecystokinin(CCK)regulates the contractile function of the common bile duct through interaction with the CCK-A receptor in interstitial Cajal-like cells,contributing to improving the academic understanding of biliary tract dynamics and providing emerging directions for the pathogenesis and clinical management of biliary dyskinesia.This letter provides a brief overview of the role of CCK and CCK-A receptors in biliary dyskinesia from the perspective of animal experiments and clinical studies,and discusses prospects and challenges for the clinical application of CCK and CCK-A receptors as potential therapeutic targets.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81241091
文摘AIM:To explore whether routine biopsies at the high incidence spot of esophagogastric junction(EGJ)cancer are justified in endoscopic screening.METHODS:This was a multicenter population-based study conducted in eight high-risk areas in China.A total of 37396 participants underwent endoscopic examination.Biopsies were obtained from visible mucosal abnormalities or from normal-appearing mucosa at the high incidence spot of esophagogastric junction cancer when no abnormality was detected.Specimens showing high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HIN)or higher grade lesions were deemed as pathologically"positive".The ratios of positive pathologic diagnosis between participants with abnormal and normal-appearing mucosa were compared using the Pearsonχ2 test.Odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals,adjusted for potential confounders,were calculated using logistic regression.RESULTS:A total of 37520 individuals participated in this study and 37396(99.7%)participants had full information and were suitable for analysis.During endoscopic examinations,9.11%(3405/37396)participants were found to have visible mucosal lesions.Of the participants who had normal-appearing mucosa at the EGJ,only 0.28%(94/33991)were diagnosed with HIN or higher grade lesions,whereas 6.05%(206/3405)of participants with abnormalities at the EGJ had a positive pathologic result.After controlling for other variables,visible abnormal mucosa detected under endoscopy strongly predicted a positive pathologic result(OR=32.51,95%CI:23.96-44.09).The proportion of participants with"positive"pathologic diagnoses increased as the total number of endoscopic examinations performed by the doctors increased(<5000 cases vs5000-10000 cases vs>10000 cases,Z=-2.7207,P=0.0065,Cochran Armiger trend test).The same trend was found between the proportion of participants with positive pathologic diagnoses and the total number of years the doctors performed endoscopy(<5 years vs5-10 years vs>10 years,Z=-10.3222,P<0.001,Cochran Armiger trend test).CONCLUSION:Additional routine biopsies from the high incidence spot of EGJ cancer are of limited value and are unjustified.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.SKLA02020001A05)。
文摘Real-time polarization medium-wave infrared(MIR)optical imaging systems enable the acquisition of infrared and polarization information for a target.At present,real-time polarization MIR devices face the following problems:poor real-time performance,low transmission and high requirements for fabrication and integration.Herein,we aim to improve the performance of real-time polarization imaging systems in the MIR waveband and solve the above-mentioned defects.Therefore,we propose a MIR polarization imaging system to achieve real-time polarization-modulated imaging with high transmission as well as improved performance based on a pixel-wise metasurface micro-polarization array(PMMPA).The PMMPA element comprises several linear polarization(LP)filters with different polarization angles.The optimization results demonstrate that the transmittance of the center field of view for the LP filters is up to 77%at a wavelength of4.0μm and an extinction ratio of 88 d B.In addition,a near-diffraction-limited real-time MIR imaging optical system is designed with a field of view of 5°and an F-number of 2.The simulation results show that an MIR polarization imaging system with excellent real-time performance and high transmission is achieved by using the optimized PMMPA element.Therefore,the method is compatible with the available optical system design technologies and provides a way to realize real-time polarization imaging in MIR wavebands.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074533.
文摘Ischemic stroke(IS)is the most prevalent form of brain disease,characterized by high morbidity,disability,and mortality.However,there is still a lack of ideal prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice.Notably,the trans-plantation therapy of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has been a hot research topic in stroke.Nevertheless,there are risks associated with this cell therapy,including tumor formation,coagulation dysfunction,and vascular occlusion.Also,a growing number of studies suggest that the therapeutic effect after transplantation of MSCs is mainly attributed to MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos).And this cell-free mediated therapy appears to circumvent many risks and difficulties when compared to cell therapy,and it may be the most promising new strategy for treating stroke as stem cell replacement therapy.Studies suggest that suppressing inflammation via modulation of the immune response is an additional treatment option for IS.Intriguingly,MSC-Exos mediates the inflam-matory immune response following IS by modulating the central nervous system,the peripheral immune system,and immunomodulatory molecules,thereby promoting neurofunctional recovery after stroke.Thus,this paper reviews the role,potential mechanisms,and therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in post-IS inflammation in order to identify new research targets.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission(2017KJ162).
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are gaining the spotlight in research due to their abundant sources,immune privileges,and ability to proliferate and differentiate.These cells provide invaluable resources for stem cell-based therapy and present therapeutic opportunities in cell/tissue regeneration medicine.A growing evidence suggests that,mitochondria transfer from MSCs could rescue tissue degeneration caused by mitochondria damage.Although this emerging tissue regeneration treatment method brings hope for the treatment of mitochondria dysfunction related diseases,the necessary conditions and underlying mechanisms for mitochondrial transfer remain poorly understood.In this review,a large number of mitochondrial transfer phenomena between MSCs and recipient cells are summarized,with particular emphasis on the conditions and potential mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer from MSCs,so as to provide reference for the clinical application of MSCs transformation in the future.
基金Supported by Grant from Department of Health,No.H200526,Jiangsu Province,China
文摘AIM:To evaluate the impact of alcohol dehydrogenase-2(ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2) polymorphisms on esophageal cancer susceptibility in Southeast Chinese males.METHODS:Two hundred and twenty-one esophageal cancer patients and 191 healthy controls from Taixing city in Jiangsu Province were enrolled in this study.ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios(OR) and 95% confi dence interval(CI) .RESULTS:The ADH G allele carriers were more susceptible to esophageal cancer,but no association was found between ADH2 genotypes and risk of esophageal cancer when disregarding alcohol drinking status.Regardless of ADH2 genotype,ALDH2G/A or A/A carriers had significantly increased risk of developing esophageal cancer,with homozygous individuals showing higher esophageal cancer risk than those who were heterozygous.A signif icant interaction between ALDH2 and drinking was detected regarding esophageal cancer risk;the OR was 3.05(95% CI:1.49-6.25) .Compared with non-drinkers carrying both ALDH2 G/G and ADH2 A/A,drinkers carrying both ALDH2 A allele and ADH2 G allele showed a signif icantly higher risk of developing esophageal cancer(OR = 8.36,95% CI:2.98-23.46) .CONCLUSION:Both ADH2 G allele and ALDH2 A allele significantly increase the risk of esophageal cancer development in Southeast Chinese males.ALDH2 A allele significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer development especially in alcohol drinkers.Alcohol drinkers carrying both ADH2 G allele and ALDH2 A allele have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB719905)National Natural Science Funds of China (41201404)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2042018gf0008)
文摘Recently, as location-based social network(LBSN) rapidly grow, point-of-interest(POI) recommendation has become an important way to help people locate interesting places. Nowadays, there have been deep studies conducted on the geographical and social influence in the point-of-interest recommendation model based on the rating prediction. The fact is, however, relying solely on the rating fails to reflect the user's preferences very accurately, because the users are most concerned with the list of ranked point-of-interests(POIs) on the actual output of recommender systems. In this paper, we propose a co-pairwise ranking model called Geo-Social Bayesian Personalized Ranking model(GSBPR), which is based on the pairwise ranking with the exploiting geo-social correlations by incorporating the method of ranking learning into the process of POI recommendation. In this model, we develop a novel BPR pairwise ranking assumption by injecting users' geo-social preference. Based on this assumption, the POI recommendation model is reformulated by a three-level joint pairwise ranking model. And the experimental results based on real datasets show that the proposed method in this paper enjoys better recommendation performance compared to other state-of-the-art POI recommendation models.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1360202,51472030,and 51502014)
文摘C–Mn steels prepared by annealing at 800°C for 120 s and overaging at 250–400°C were subjected to pre-straining(2%) and baking treatments(170°C for 20 min) to measure their bake-hardening(BH_2) values. The effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and BH_2 behavior of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase(DP) steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicated that the martensite morphology exhibited less variation when the DP steel was overaged at 250–350°C. However, when the DP steel was overaged at 400°C, numerous non-martensite and carbide particles formed and yield-point elongation was observed in the tensile curve. When the overaging temperature was increased from 250 to 400°C, the yield strength increased from 272 to 317 MPa, the tensile strength decreased from 643 to 574 MPa, and the elongation increased from 27.8% to 30.6%. Furthermore, with an increase in overaging temperature from 250 to 400°C, the BH_2 value initially increases and then decreases. The maximum BH_2 value of 83 MPa was observed for the specimen overaged at 350°C.
基金supported by grants from the Scientific Support Project of Anhui Province Education Department of China (Grant No. KJ2012ZD08 and KJ2012Z162)the National Scientific and Technological Support Projects of China (Grant No. 81101273)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30872253)
文摘Objective: To determine whether Interferon-alpha-2b(IFN-α2b) can modulate the autophagic response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were treated with IFN-α2b. Autophagy was assessed by acridine orange staining, GFP-LC3 dotted assay, transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting.Results: Acridine orange staining showed that IFN-α2b triggered the accumulation of acidic vesicular and autolysosomes in HepG2 cells. The acridine orange HepG2 cell ratios were(4.3±1.0)%,(6.9±1.4)%, and(13.1±2.3)%, respectively, after treatment with 100, 1,000, and 10,000 IU/mL IFN-α2b for 48 h. A markedly punctate pattern was observed in HepG2 cells treated with 10,000 IU/mL IFN-α2b for 48 h, but only diffuse and weakly fluorescent GFP-LC3 puncta was observed in control cells. HepG2 cells treated with 10,000 IU/mL IFN-α2b for 48 h developed autophagosome-like characteristics, including single- or double-membrane vacuoles containing intact and degraded cellular debris. The Beclin1 and LC3-II protein expression was up-regulated by IFN-α2b treatment.Conclusion: Autophagy can be induced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with IFN-α2b in HepG2 cells, and the Beclin1 signaling pathway was stimulated by IFN-α2b.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of china(Grant No.61471039)
文摘Multispectral and polarization cameras that can simultaneously acquire the spatial,spectral,and polarization characteristics of an object have considerable potential applications in target detection,biomedical imaging,and remote sensing.In this work,we develop a common-aperture optical system that can capture multispectral and polarization information.An off-axis three-mirror optical system is mounted on the front end of the proposed system and used as a common-aperture telescope in the visible light(400 nm-750 nm)and long-wave infrared(LWIR,8μm-12μm)waveband.The system can maintain a wide field of view(4.5°)and it can demonstrate an enhanced identification ability.The off-axis three-mirror system gets rid of central obscuration while further yielding stable system resolution and energy.Light that has passed through the front-end common-aperture reflection system is divided into the visible light and LWIR waveband by a beamsplitter.The two wavebands then converge on two detectors through two groups of lenses.Our simulation results indicate that the proposed system can obtain clear images in each waveband to meet the diverse imaging requirements.
基金the Hubei Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Program Young Talent Project(Q20201102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51864042 and 51804220).
文摘Mercury(Hg)ions can lead to a serious impact on the environment;therefore,it was necessary to find an effective method for absorbing these toxic Hg ions.Here,the adsorbent(Zn-AHMT)was synthesized from zinc nitrate and 4-amino 3-hydrazine-5 mercapto-1,2,4-triazole(AHMT)by one-step method and,characterized the microstruc-ture and absorption performance by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunauer-Emmett Teller(BET),Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer(TGA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Through a plethora of measurements,we found that the maximum adsorption capacity was 802.8 mg/g when the optimal pH of Zn-AHMT was 3.0.The isothermal and kinetic experiments confirm that the reaction process of Zn-AHMT was chemisorption,while the adsorption process conforms to the Hill model and pseudo second order kinetic model.Thermodynamic experiments showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic.Selective experiments were performed in the simulated wastewater containing Mn,Mg,Cr,Al,Co,Ni,Hg ions.Our results showed that the Zn-AHMT has a stronger affinity for Hg ions.The removal rate of Zn-AHMT remained above 98%,indicating that the Zn-AHMT had a good stability validated by three adsorption-desorption repeatable tests.According to the XPS results,the adsorption reaction of Zn-AHMT was mainly attributed to the chelation and ion exchange.This was further explained by both density functional theory(DFT)calculation and frontier molecular orbital theory.We therefore propose the adsorption mechanism of Zn-AHMT.The adsorption reaction facilitates via the synergistic action of S and N atoms.Moreover,the bonding between the adsorbent and the N atom has been proved to be more stable.Our study demonstrated that Zn-AHMT had a promising application prospect in mercury removal.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61471039)
文摘Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of "cat eye" effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a cat eye target. Decentered field lens structure is adopted in the design without sacrificing imaging quality and clear aperture. An imaging system with±30° field of view is taken for example. The detailed design and simulation results are presented. The results indicate that this kind of optical system can reduce the retroreflection signal substantially and maintain acceptable imaging performance.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60677027Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No. 2006ZRC01022Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No. 20060422025.
文摘Fiber optic methane gas detecting system based on distributed feedback (DFB) laser wavelength scanning technique is demonstrated. Wavelength scan of methane absorption peak at 1665.9 nm is realized by saw tooth modulation of current which is injected to DFB laser. A reference methane gas cell is used to find the methane absorption peak around 1666 nm, and normalization is used to reduce the outside affection such as power drift, fiber loss. Concentration is got by arithmetic processing absorption coefficient of the methane gas. In-situ test is carried out in coal mine and long time precision of 0.05% is achieved. Some spot data of coal mine is introduced. By the system, methane outburst can be measured.
文摘Objective:Based on the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,the prescription medication rules of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast carbuncle were explored by using the software of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).Methods:To screen and retrieve the prescriptions for treating breast carbuncle in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,and data mining was carried out by using association rule algorithm,complex system entropy clustering and so on.Results:A total of 208 prescriptions which met the inclusion criteria were selected,involving 175 traditional Chinese medicines.Among them,23 medicines were found to be more than 21 times in the treatment of breast carbuncle.The nature of the medicine is mainly cold or warm,the flavour of the medicine is mainly bitter or sweet,most of them belong to the spleen,liver,stomach.15 commonly used drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions were obtained.Conclusion:The key pathogenesis of breast carbuncle is liver depression and Qi stagnation,stomach heat blocking collaterals,the treatment is mainly to clear heat and detoxify,regulate Qi to diffuse the knot,which provides reference for the choose of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in treating breast carbuncle.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Key Areas of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission of China(No.2017003)the Major Project of Science and Technology of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases of Tianjin Science and Technology Commission(No.17ZXMFSY00190)the Selection and Training Project of High-Level Talents in Tianjin Health and Family Planning Industry.
文摘The spleen visceral manifestation theory(SVMT)is formed under the simple holistic thinking mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It emphasizes the change of our organic function.And SVMT can make me to understand the basic characteristics and rules of the organic functional change and disease evolution of spleen(which is a complex giant system from a macroscopic view).However,the formation of SVMT is still in the stage of fuzzy deduction,ignoring the structural basis of its function.As a result,although SVMT has a macroscopic accuracy,it is unable to analyze the internal structure from the perspective of reductionism.The systematic thought of unifying reductionism and holistic dialectics provides the possibility for the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory and modern scientific research.Based on the systematic relationship between spleen storage and malignant tumor,this paper tries to take matter-energy-information as the starting point by drawing lessons from complex scientific theory and using the method of interdisciplinary comprehensive analysis under the guidance of system theory.Explore its mechanism and law more scientifically from the subcellular level,so as to further improve and deepen the theoretical system of malignant tumor research based on SVMT.
文摘Diabetes comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from various factors.Current diabetes management primarily focuses on blood glucose control,yet it is inherently progressive,necessitating increased reliance on exogenous blood glucose control methods over time.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore novel intervention strategies addressing both diabetes and its complications.The human intestinal microbiota,often referred to as the"second genome",exhibits significant diversity and plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance,glucose and lipid metabolism,and inflammatory response.Notably,Li and Guo have elucidated the involvement of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and proposed a novel therapeutic approach targeting intestinal microbes.This advancement enhances our comprehension of the multifaceted and multi-target regulation of T2DM by intestinal microflora,thereby offering fresh avenues for understanding its pathogenesis and clinical management.This letter briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in T2DM based on findings from animal experiments and clinical studies.Additionally,it discusses the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with targeting intestinal flora as therapeutic interventions.
基金This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China （60977058）, Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province of China （JQ200819）, Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University （IIFSDU2010JC002＆2012JC015）, and promotive research fund for excellent young and middle-aged scientists of Shandong Province （BS2010DX028）.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （60977058 ＆ 61475085）, the Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province （2014GGX101007）, and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University （2014YQ011）.
