Controlled-release urea(CRU)is commonly used to improve the crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have investigated the effects of CRU in the ratoon rice system.Ratoon rice is the practice of...Controlled-release urea(CRU)is commonly used to improve the crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have investigated the effects of CRU in the ratoon rice system.Ratoon rice is the practice of obtaining a second harvest from tillers originating from the stubble of the previously harvested main crop.In this study,a 2-year field experiment using a randomized complete block design was conducted to determine the effects of CRU on the yield,NUE,and economic benefits of ratoon rice,including the main crop,to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization of ratoon rice.The experiment included four treatments:(i)no N fertilizer(CK);(ii)traditional practice with 5 applications of urea applied at different crop growth stages by surface broadcasting(FFP);(iii)one-time basal application of CRU(BF1);and(iv)one-time basal application of CRU combined with common urea(BF2).The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly increased the main crop yield by 17.47 and 15.99%in 2019,and by 17.91 and 16.44%in 2020,respectively,compared with FFP treatment.The BF2 treatment achieved similar yield of the ratoon crop to the FFP treatment,whereas the BF1 treatment significantly increased the yield of the ratoon crop by 14.81%in 2019 and 12.21%in 2020 compared with the FFP treatment.The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly improved the 2-year apparent N recovery efficiency,agronomic NUE,and partial factor productivity of applied N by 11.47-16.66,27.31-44.49,and 9.23-15.60%,respectively,compared with FFP treatment.The BF1 and BF2 treatments reduced the chalky rice rate and chalkiness of main and ratoon crops relative to the FFP treatment.Furthermore,emergy analysis showed that the production efficiency of the BF treatments was higher than that of the FFP treatment.The BF treatments reduced labor input due to reduced fertilization times and improved the economic benefits of ratoon rice.Compared with the FFP treatment,the BF1 and BF2 treatments increased the net income by 14.21-16.87 and 23.76-25.96%,respectively.Overall,the one-time blending use of CRU and common urea should be encouraged to achieve high yield,high nitrogen use efficiency,and good quality of ratoon rice,which has low labor input and low apparent N loss.展开更多
The recent report of pressure-induced structural transition and signature of superconductivity with T_(c)≈80 K above 14 GPa in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)crystals has garnered considerable attention.To further elaborate this d...The recent report of pressure-induced structural transition and signature of superconductivity with T_(c)≈80 K above 14 GPa in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)crystals has garnered considerable attention.To further elaborate this discovery,we carried out comprehensive resistance measurements on La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)crystals grown in an optical-image floating zone furnace under oxygen pressure(15 bar)using a diamond anvil cell(DAC)and cubic anvil cell(CAC),which employ a solid(KBr)and liquid(glycerol)pressure-transmitting medium,respectively.Sample 1 measured in the DAC exhibits a semiconducting-like behavior with large resistance at low pressures and gradually becomes metallic upon compression.At pressures P 13.7 GPa we observed the appearance of a resistance drop of as much as~50%around 70 K,which evolves into a kink-like anomaly at pressures above 40 GPa and shifts to lower temperatures gradually with increasing magnetic field.These observations are consistent with the recent report mentioned above.On the other hand,sample 2 measured in the CAC retains metallic behavior in the investigated pressure range up to 15 GPa.The hump-like anomaly in resistance around~130 K at ambient pressure disappears at P≥2 GPa.In the pressure range of 11–15 GPa we observed the gradual development of a shoulder-like anomaly in resistance at low temperatures,which evolves into a pronounced drop of resistance of 98%below 62 K at 15 GPa,reaching a temperature-independent resistance of 20μΩbelow 20 K.Similarly,this resistance anomaly can be progressively shifted to lower temperatures by applying external magnetic fields,resembling a typical superconducting transition.Measurements on sample 3 in the CAC reproduce the resistance drop at pressures above 10 GPa and realize zero resistance below 10 K at 15 GPa even though an unusual semiconducting-like behavior is retained in the normal state.Based on these results,we constructed a dome-shaped superconducting phase diagram and discuss some issues regarding the sample-dependent behaviors on pressure-induced hightemperature superconductivity in the La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)crystals.展开更多
In this paper,a novel traffic-aware cooperative cognitive radio network that can enable deviceto-device(D2D)communications in cellular system is proposed and investigated.By providing relay cooperation to cellular tra...In this paper,a novel traffic-aware cooperative cognitive radio network that can enable deviceto-device(D2D)communications in cellular system is proposed and investigated.By providing relay cooperation to cellular transmission,D2D users can realize their own two-way communication in the licensed spectrum.Unlike most existing works,in the proposed network,both wireless-powered D2D users can harvest energy via radio-frequency signals received from basic station(BS)through a hybrid protocol which can adaptively utilize both time-switching and powersplitting techniques.Specifically,D2D users perform decode-and-forward operation to transmit signals,and mobile user(MU)employs a selection combining technique.In addition,the performance of both D2D system and cellular system in the proposed network is evaluated by deriving the expressions of their exact outage probability and throughput.Numerical and simulation results validate correctness of derivations and reveal the influence of various system parameters of the proposed network.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to compare flattening filter-free(FFF) beams and conventional flattening filter(FF) beams in volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) for cervical cancer after surgery, through a retro...Objective The aim of the study was to compare flattening filter-free(FFF) beams and conventional flattening filter(FF) beams in volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) for cervical cancer after surgery, through a retrospective planning study.Methods VMAT plans of FFF beams and normal FF beams were designed for a cohort of 15 patients. The prescribed dose was 45 Gy to 1.8 Gy per fraction, and at least 95% of the planning target volume received this dose. Doses were computed with a commercially available treatment planning system using a Monte Carlo(MC) algorithm. Plans were compared according to dose-volume histogram analysis in terms of planning target volume homogeneity and conformity indices(HI and CI), as well as organs at risk(OAR) dose and volume parameters. Results FFF-VMAT was similar to FF-VMAT in terms of CI, but inferior to FF-VMAT considering HI. No statistically differences were observed between FFF-VMAT and FF-VMAT in following organ at risks including pelvic bone marrow, small bowel, bladder, rectum, and normal tissue(NT)..Conclusion For patients with cervical cancer after hysterectomy, the FFF beam achieved target and OAR dose distribution similar to that of the FF beam. Reduction of beam-on time in cervical cancer is beneficial.展开更多
Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technology is capable of sequencing millions or billions of DNA molecules simultaneously.Therefore, it represents a promising tool for the analysis of molecular targets for the initial ...Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technology is capable of sequencing millions or billions of DNA molecules simultaneously.Therefore, it represents a promising tool for the analysis of molecular targets for the initial diagnosis of disease, monitoring of disease progression, and identifying the mechanism of drug resistance. On behalf of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) and the China Actionable Genome Consortium(CAGC), the present expert group hereby proposes advisory guidelines on clinical applications of NGS technology for the analysis of cancer driver genes for precision cancer therapy. This group comprises an assembly of laboratory cancer geneticists, clinical oncologists, bioinformaticians,pathologists, and other professionals. After multiple rounds of discussions and revisions, the expert group has reached a preliminary consensus on the need of NGS in clinical diagnosis, its regulation, and compliance standards in clinical sample collection. Moreover, it has prepared NGS criteria, the sequencing standard operation procedure(SOP), data analysis, report, and NGS platform certification and validation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies and their associations with clinical features in Chinesepatients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 325 Chinese patients with CHB were enrolled in th...AIM: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies and their associations with clinical features in Chinesepatients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 325 Chinese patients with CHB were enrolled in this retrospective,hospitalbased study.Patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),or primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) were included,with healthy donors acting as controls.A panel of autoantibodies that serologically define AIH and PBC was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay and line immunoassay.The AIH-related autoantibody profile included homogeneous anti-nuclear antibodies(ANA-H),smooth-muscle antibodies,anti-liver kidney microsome type 1,antiliver cytosolic antigen type 1,and anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas; the PBC-related antibodies were characterized by ANA-nuclear dots/membranous rimlike,anti-mitochondrial antibodies-M2(AMA-M2),antiBPO(recombinant antigen targeted by AMA-M2),antiSp100,anti-promyelocytic leukemia protein(anti-PML),and anti-gp210.The dichotomization of clustering was used to unequivocally designate the AIH or PBC profiles for each case.Anti-Ro52 antibodies were also tested.RESULTS: The prevalence of any autoantibody in CHB amounted to 58.2%,which was similar to the 66.2% prevalence in CHC,significantly higher than the 6.7% in the healthy controls(P < 0.001),and lower than the 100% found in AIH and PBC(P = 0.004 and P < 0.001,respectively).There were more anti-PML and anti-gp210 antibodies among the CHB patients than the CHC patients(11.1% vs 0%,P = 0.003; 12.6% vs 0%,P < 0.001,respectively).The prevalence and titer of AMA,anti-BPO,anti-PML,and anti-gp210 were higher in PBC than in those with CHB.Among the CHB patients,the prevalence of ANA,especially ANA-H,was significantly lower in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis.Thirty-eight cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in CHB showed a significant differencecompared with non-HCC patients in the prevalence of anti-PML(0% vs 12.5%,P = 0.013).Dichotomization of the autoantibodies revealed that the PBC profile was more prevalent in patients with CHB than in those with CHC,and that it was strongly correlated with both compensated and decompensated cirrhosis.In contrast,the prevalence of the AIH profile was significantly higher in non-cirrhosis patients with CHB than in those with compensated cirrhosis(18.5% vs 8.2%,P = 0.039).Moreover,the AIH profile was also closely associated with hepatitis B e-antigen positivity.CONCLUSION: ANA-H could be an indicator of earlystage CHB.Dichotomizing the autoantibody profiles revealed that the PBC profile is strongly associated with cirrhosis in CHB.展开更多
A 57-year-old man presented with intermittent dull abdominal pain after a period of 1 year.Abdominal computed tomography(CT) was performed.Except for the endoscopy,the work-up for possible medical causes remained inco...A 57-year-old man presented with intermittent dull abdominal pain after a period of 1 year.Abdominal computed tomography(CT) was performed.Except for the endoscopy,the work-up for possible medical causes remained inconclusive.An open-abdomen,partial surgical excision of the stomach was performed after the unsuccessful endoscopic resection.The pathology report revealed a glomus tumor of the stomach.Importantly,glomus tumors of the stomach are rare and are almost always benign.Therefore,the most important current role of imaging associated with the diagnostic approach and therapeutic plan for a glomus tumor is to differentiate it from other gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs).We report this case with representative radiologic findings,including CT and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) reports,and also correlate them with clinical and pathologic presentations that can help in the early detection and differentiation of gastric SMTs from other SMTs.As such,the purpose of this report is to provide a better understanding of relevant CT and EUS features.Alternative treatments should be considered carefully according to the imaging results.展开更多
Objective To compute and compare the tumor control probability(TCP) of volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) for breast cancer after conservative surgery based on two types of multileaf collimator(MLC) through a retr...Objective To compute and compare the tumor control probability(TCP) of volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) for breast cancer after conservative surgery based on two types of multileaf collimator(MLC) through a retrospective planning study.Methods For a group of 9 patients diagnosed with left breast cancer,VMAT plan based on Agility MLC and beam modulator(BM) MLC were designed.The prescription dose was 50 Gy covering at least 95% of the planning target volume,2 Gy per fraction.TCPs were calculated according to dose-volume histogram(DVH) analysis.Results The TCP of the BM VMAT plan was slightly higher than that of the Agility VMAT plan(94.61% vs 94.23%) but was inferior with respect to delivery efficiency;the delivery time was reduced for Agility VMAT plan by 35% compared to BM VMAT plan.Conclusion For breast cancer radiation therapy after conservative surgery,BM VMAT plans provide slightly higher TCP while the delivery of Agility VMAT plans is significantly faster than the BM VMAT plans.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer mainly occurs in young and premenopausal women;its incidence is increasing annually. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) have relatively high recurrence and transfer rates during...BACKGROUND Breast cancer mainly occurs in young and premenopausal women;its incidence is increasing annually. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) have relatively high recurrence and transfer rates during the operation and 3 years after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, the treatment for patients with TNBC is mainly based on a comprehensive combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, identifying additional effective treatments to improve patient prognosis is important.AIM To explore and discuss the effects and prognostic factors of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC.METHODS In total, 118 patients diagnosed with TNBC from January 2016 to January 2020 in our hospital were selected and divided into the observation(n = 60) and control(n = 58) groups according to therapeutic regimen. The control group received routine chemotherapy, and the observation group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed, and the survival of patients was followed up.RESULTS The karyopherin A2(KPNA2)-positive and SRY-related HMG box-2(SOX2)-positive expression rates of patients with TNBC with intravascular tumor thrombus and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) stage IV were 92.00% and 91.67% and 96.00% and 95.83%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of patients with no intravascular tumor thrombus and TNM stage Ⅲ(P < 0.05). KPNA2 was positively associated with SOX2 expression(rs = 0.514, P < 0.50). The short-term curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P < 0.05), and the total effective rate was 58.33%. After treatment, carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen(CA) 19-9, and CA125 Levels in the observation group were 11.40 ± 2.32 mg/L, 19.92 ± 3.42 kU/L, and 54.30 ± 12.28 kU/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The median survival time of the observation group was 33 mo(95%CI: 31.21-34.79), which was significantly longer than that of the control group(P < 0.05). TNM stage, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, KPNA2 and SOX2 expressions, and treatment plan were prognostic factors of TNBC(relative risk = 1.575, 1.380, 1.366, 1.433, 1.411, and 0.581, respectively, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for TNBC treatment can achieve good curative effects. TNM stage, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, KPNA2 and SOX2 expressions, and treatment plan are prognostic factors of TNBC.展开更多
Background: Recent research into skin injury and wound healing has focused mainly on post‐trauma hemostasis, infection prevention, dermal regeneration and angiogenesis. However, less attention has been paid to air pe...Background: Recent research into skin injury and wound healing has focused mainly on post‐trauma hemostasis, infection prevention, dermal regeneration and angiogenesis. However, less attention has been paid to air permeability and moisture loss prevention which also play important roles in injury healing. Methods: In the present work, we prepared a hyaluronic acid‐poloxamer (HA‐POL) hydrogel and tested the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel on skin‐wound healing. Results: The HA‐POL hydrogel transformed from sol to gel at 30°C, close to body temperature, and had stable moisturizing properties. HA‐POL hydrogel promoted skin‐wound healing and increased protein accumulation in the wound area. HA‐POL hydrogel allowed greater air permeability than Band‐aid, a typical wound covering. Results from transwell assays showed that the HA‐POL hydrogel effectively isolated skin‐wounds from bacterial invasion. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the advantages of using HA‐POL gel materials in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.展开更多
Background: The outcomes for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) receiving sorafenib are far from satisfactory because of treatment resistance to sorafenib. However, the exact mechanism of resistance ...Background: The outcomes for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) receiving sorafenib are far from satisfactory because of treatment resistance to sorafenib. However, the exact mechanism of resistance to sorafenib remains unclear and it is valuable to establish a novel mouse model to quantitatively analyze the inhibition rates of sorafenib on the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver.Methods: HCC tissue microblocks derived from patients were cultured and mixed with hydrogel drops. Then, hydrogel drops containing microblocks of HCC tissue were attached onto the surface of the livers of nude mice to form lesions or nodules of HCC. The mice received molecular targeting agents through oral administration. Livers with tumor nodules were harvested for H&E staining(hematoxylin-eosin staining) analysis and H&E staining images were quantitatively analyzed using image J software. The invasive growth of HCC cells into the liver was calculated using the depth of the lesions compared with the total thickness of the liver.Results: Microblocks containing cells derived from HCC patients can form lesions in the liver of nude mice. Oral administration of molecular targeting agents inhibited the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice.Conclusions: The model established in this study involves the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice, and the model allows for the quantitative analysis of the inhibitory effect of molecular targeting agents on the invasion of HCC cells in vivo.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Ci-xian County is located in the north of Chinaand is a high-risk area for esophageal cancer(EC).In 2004,theincidence rate of EC in the county was 127/100,000 and 93/100,000in the male and female population,...OBJECTIVE Ci-xian County is located in the north of Chinaand is a high-risk area for esophageal cancer(EC).In 2004,theincidence rate of EC in the county was 127/100,000 and 93/100,000in the male and female population,respectively,and that ofgastric cancer(GC)was 72/100,000 and 36/100,000.Since 2001 acohort screening,supported by a special national fund,utilizingendoscopic examination with iodine staining for the targetpopulation at the age ranging from 40 to 69 years was carried out,so as to reduce the incidence and mortality rates in the high-riskareas of EC.METHODS In October 2001,4 townships in the Ci-xian County,Hebei,China were selected,with 22,016 cases in the interventiongroup(IVG)and 33,410 in the control group(CG).The totalpopulation coverage reached 55,000.There were 3257 males and3339 females in the IVG with the age ranging from 40 to 69 years,and 4299 males and 4430 females in the CG with the same rangeof the age.Endoscopic screening with iodine staining was used inthe IVG,with a screening rate of 53.2%.During the screening byendoscopic examination,97 cases were found to have esophagealsquamous epithelium,carcinoma-in-situ at the cardiac glandularepithelium or intra-mucosal carcinoma.Additionally,102cases were identified to have severe atypical hyperplasia in theesophagus and gastric cardia.The natural incidence rate of cancerand the mortality were observed in the CG.The ICD-0 version wasused in the tumor incidence and death registration coding.Duringa period from June to September 2008,based on the information ofthe tumor registration database of the incidence and mortality inthe Ci-xian County,the cohort groups were studied and followed.RESULTS There were 133 patients with untreatable EC and48 with GC in the IVG,while there were 259 and 37 patients inthe CG who died of esophageal and gastric cancer,respectively.The relative risk(RR)of death was 0.76 in the male patients withEC,95%CI(0.59-0.98),P=0.038,and in the female patients theRR was 0.51,95%CI(0.35-0.75),P=0.000.The RR of death in theGC patients was 2.45,(1.40-4.29)in the male,P=0.01,and 0.99,(0.47-1.99),in the female cases,P=0.906.CONCLUSION Six years after a cohort screening of a largepopulation by endoscopic examination with iodine staining inareas at high risk for EC,the death risk in the male and femalepatients with EC has decreased compared with that in the controlgroup.The difference between the 2 groups was statisticallysignificant.However,no protective method used to decrease thedeath risk in GC patients has been found during this period ofendoscopic screening.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)superinfection is a suspected promoting factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.However,to date,very few cases of HEV-related HCC have ...BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)superinfection is a suspected promoting factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.However,to date,very few cases of HEV-related HCC have been reported.Nevertheless,the role of HEV re-infection in cirrhotic liver without other chronic hepatitis infections has rarely been explored.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male farmer was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly in August 2016,accompanied with negative HEV-IgM and positive HEV-IgG.No evidence of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection was found.Since then the patient was evaluated for liver function and viral parameters every 3 mo.In June 2017,the patient presented severe fatigue with whole body itching and was diagnosed with HCC.Afterwards this patient experienced quick HCC development,progression,relapse,and metastasis in the following 8 mo,and presented persistent dual positivity of HEV-IgM and HEV-IgG.This patient had a long history of smoking and alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION This unique case invokes the importance of HEV surveillance and treatment among cirrhotic patients,HCC cases,and blood donors.展开更多
A novel correction algorithm is proposed for multi-class classification problems with corrupted training data.The algorithm is non-intrusive,in the sense that it post-processes a trained classification model by adding...A novel correction algorithm is proposed for multi-class classification problems with corrupted training data.The algorithm is non-intrusive,in the sense that it post-processes a trained classification model by adding a correction procedure to the model prediction.The correction procedure can be coupled with any approximators,such as logistic regression,neural networks of various architectures,etc.When the training dataset is sufficiently large,we theoretically prove(in the limiting case)and numerically show that the corrected models deliver correct classification results as if there is no corruption in the training data.For datasets of finite size,the corrected models produce significantly better recovery results,compared to the models without the correction algorithm.All of the theoretical findings in the paper are verified by our numerical examples.展开更多
Objective The aiom of the study was to compare the impacts of two types of multileaf collimators （MLC） [standard MLC with a width of 10 mm （sMLC） and micro-MLC with a width of 5 mm （mMLC）] on volumetric modulate...Objective The aiom of the study was to compare the impacts of two types of multileaf collimators （MLC） [standard MLC with a width of 10 mm （sMLC） and micro-MLC with a width of 5 mm （mMLC）] on volumetric modulated arc therapy （VMAT） planning for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods VMAT for ten patients with inoperable malignant pleural mesotheliomas was retrospectively planned with the sMLC and mMLC. Histogram-based dose-volume parameters of the planning target vol- ume （PTV） [conformity index （CI） and homogeneous index （HI）] and organs-at-risk were compared for VMAT plans with sMLC （sMLC-VMAT） and mMLC （mMLC-VMAT）. Results The mMLC-VMAT plans were more efficient （average delivery time： 2.67±1.49 min） than the sMLC-VMAT plans （average delivery time： 4.21 ± 2.03 min; P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, compared to the sMLC plans, the mMLC plans demonstrated advantages in the dose coverage of the PTV （CI 0.75 ± 0.08 vs 0.73± 0.09; HI 1.09 ±0.02 vs 1.10± 0.02）, although the difference was not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. In addition, significant dose sparing in the fraction of the ipsilateral lung volume receiving 〉 20 Gy （V20; 54.72± 27.08 vs 58.52 ± 29.30） and 〉 30 Gy （V30; 42.74 ± 27.86 vs 46.86± 31.49） radiation, respectively, was observed for the mMLC plans （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Comparing sMLC-VMAT and mMLC-VMAT not only demonstrated the higher efficiency and better optimal target coverage of mMLC-VMAT, but also considerably improved the dose sparing of the ipsilateral lung in the VMAT plans for mali qnant pleural mesothelioma.展开更多
基金supported by the Key R&D Plan of Hubei Province,China(2022BBA002)the Carbon Account Accounting and Carbon Reduction and Sequestration Technology Research of Quzhou City of China(2022-31).
文摘Controlled-release urea(CRU)is commonly used to improve the crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have investigated the effects of CRU in the ratoon rice system.Ratoon rice is the practice of obtaining a second harvest from tillers originating from the stubble of the previously harvested main crop.In this study,a 2-year field experiment using a randomized complete block design was conducted to determine the effects of CRU on the yield,NUE,and economic benefits of ratoon rice,including the main crop,to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization of ratoon rice.The experiment included four treatments:(i)no N fertilizer(CK);(ii)traditional practice with 5 applications of urea applied at different crop growth stages by surface broadcasting(FFP);(iii)one-time basal application of CRU(BF1);and(iv)one-time basal application of CRU combined with common urea(BF2).The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly increased the main crop yield by 17.47 and 15.99%in 2019,and by 17.91 and 16.44%in 2020,respectively,compared with FFP treatment.The BF2 treatment achieved similar yield of the ratoon crop to the FFP treatment,whereas the BF1 treatment significantly increased the yield of the ratoon crop by 14.81%in 2019 and 12.21%in 2020 compared with the FFP treatment.The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly improved the 2-year apparent N recovery efficiency,agronomic NUE,and partial factor productivity of applied N by 11.47-16.66,27.31-44.49,and 9.23-15.60%,respectively,compared with FFP treatment.The BF1 and BF2 treatments reduced the chalky rice rate and chalkiness of main and ratoon crops relative to the FFP treatment.Furthermore,emergy analysis showed that the production efficiency of the BF treatments was higher than that of the FFP treatment.The BF treatments reduced labor input due to reduced fertilization times and improved the economic benefits of ratoon rice.Compared with the FFP treatment,the BF1 and BF2 treatments increased the net income by 14.21-16.87 and 23.76-25.96%,respectively.Overall,the one-time blending use of CRU and common urea should be encouraged to achieve high yield,high nitrogen use efficiency,and good quality of ratoon rice,which has low labor input and low apparent N loss.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z190008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0305700 and 2021YFA1400200)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025408,11921004,11834016,and 11888101)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174454)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(Grant No.XDB33000000)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant Nos.2022YSBR-047 and 2022YSBR-048)the Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(Grant No.2021HSCUE008)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Funds(Grant No.2021B1515120015)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices(Grant No.2022B1212010008)。
文摘The recent report of pressure-induced structural transition and signature of superconductivity with T_(c)≈80 K above 14 GPa in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)crystals has garnered considerable attention.To further elaborate this discovery,we carried out comprehensive resistance measurements on La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)crystals grown in an optical-image floating zone furnace under oxygen pressure(15 bar)using a diamond anvil cell(DAC)and cubic anvil cell(CAC),which employ a solid(KBr)and liquid(glycerol)pressure-transmitting medium,respectively.Sample 1 measured in the DAC exhibits a semiconducting-like behavior with large resistance at low pressures and gradually becomes metallic upon compression.At pressures P 13.7 GPa we observed the appearance of a resistance drop of as much as~50%around 70 K,which evolves into a kink-like anomaly at pressures above 40 GPa and shifts to lower temperatures gradually with increasing magnetic field.These observations are consistent with the recent report mentioned above.On the other hand,sample 2 measured in the CAC retains metallic behavior in the investigated pressure range up to 15 GPa.The hump-like anomaly in resistance around~130 K at ambient pressure disappears at P≥2 GPa.In the pressure range of 11–15 GPa we observed the gradual development of a shoulder-like anomaly in resistance at low temperatures,which evolves into a pronounced drop of resistance of 98%below 62 K at 15 GPa,reaching a temperature-independent resistance of 20μΩbelow 20 K.Similarly,this resistance anomaly can be progressively shifted to lower temperatures by applying external magnetic fields,resembling a typical superconducting transition.Measurements on sample 3 in the CAC reproduce the resistance drop at pressures above 10 GPa and realize zero resistance below 10 K at 15 GPa even though an unusual semiconducting-like behavior is retained in the normal state.Based on these results,we constructed a dome-shaped superconducting phase diagram and discuss some issues regarding the sample-dependent behaviors on pressure-induced hightemperature superconductivity in the La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)crystals.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Research Project of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2023BSHEDZZ215。
文摘In this paper,a novel traffic-aware cooperative cognitive radio network that can enable deviceto-device(D2D)communications in cellular system is proposed and investigated.By providing relay cooperation to cellular transmission,D2D users can realize their own two-way communication in the licensed spectrum.Unlike most existing works,in the proposed network,both wireless-powered D2D users can harvest energy via radio-frequency signals received from basic station(BS)through a hybrid protocol which can adaptively utilize both time-switching and powersplitting techniques.Specifically,D2D users perform decode-and-forward operation to transmit signals,and mobile user(MU)employs a selection combining technique.In addition,the performance of both D2D system and cellular system in the proposed network is evaluated by deriving the expressions of their exact outage probability and throughput.Numerical and simulation results validate correctness of derivations and reveal the influence of various system parameters of the proposed network.
基金Supported by a grant of the Military Medical Metrology Project(No.2011-JL2-005)
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to compare flattening filter-free(FFF) beams and conventional flattening filter(FF) beams in volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) for cervical cancer after surgery, through a retrospective planning study.Methods VMAT plans of FFF beams and normal FF beams were designed for a cohort of 15 patients. The prescribed dose was 45 Gy to 1.8 Gy per fraction, and at least 95% of the planning target volume received this dose. Doses were computed with a commercially available treatment planning system using a Monte Carlo(MC) algorithm. Plans were compared according to dose-volume histogram analysis in terms of planning target volume homogeneity and conformity indices(HI and CI), as well as organs at risk(OAR) dose and volume parameters. Results FFF-VMAT was similar to FF-VMAT in terms of CI, but inferior to FF-VMAT considering HI. No statistically differences were observed between FFF-VMAT and FF-VMAT in following organ at risks including pelvic bone marrow, small bowel, bladder, rectum, and normal tissue(NT)..Conclusion For patients with cervical cancer after hysterectomy, the FFF beam achieved target and OAR dose distribution similar to that of the FF beam. Reduction of beam-on time in cervical cancer is beneficial.
基金supported by grants from Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer (Grant No. 2017B030314120)General Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau (Grant No. 201607010391)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC1303800)Guangdong Provincial Applied S&T R&D Program (Grant No. 2016B020237006)
文摘Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technology is capable of sequencing millions or billions of DNA molecules simultaneously.Therefore, it represents a promising tool for the analysis of molecular targets for the initial diagnosis of disease, monitoring of disease progression, and identifying the mechanism of drug resistance. On behalf of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) and the China Actionable Genome Consortium(CAGC), the present expert group hereby proposes advisory guidelines on clinical applications of NGS technology for the analysis of cancer driver genes for precision cancer therapy. This group comprises an assembly of laboratory cancer geneticists, clinical oncologists, bioinformaticians,pathologists, and other professionals. After multiple rounds of discussions and revisions, the expert group has reached a preliminary consensus on the need of NGS in clinical diagnosis, its regulation, and compliance standards in clinical sample collection. Moreover, it has prepared NGS criteria, the sequencing standard operation procedure(SOP), data analysis, report, and NGS platform certification and validation.
文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies and their associations with clinical features in Chinesepatients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 325 Chinese patients with CHB were enrolled in this retrospective,hospitalbased study.Patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),or primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) were included,with healthy donors acting as controls.A panel of autoantibodies that serologically define AIH and PBC was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay and line immunoassay.The AIH-related autoantibody profile included homogeneous anti-nuclear antibodies(ANA-H),smooth-muscle antibodies,anti-liver kidney microsome type 1,antiliver cytosolic antigen type 1,and anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas; the PBC-related antibodies were characterized by ANA-nuclear dots/membranous rimlike,anti-mitochondrial antibodies-M2(AMA-M2),antiBPO(recombinant antigen targeted by AMA-M2),antiSp100,anti-promyelocytic leukemia protein(anti-PML),and anti-gp210.The dichotomization of clustering was used to unequivocally designate the AIH or PBC profiles for each case.Anti-Ro52 antibodies were also tested.RESULTS: The prevalence of any autoantibody in CHB amounted to 58.2%,which was similar to the 66.2% prevalence in CHC,significantly higher than the 6.7% in the healthy controls(P < 0.001),and lower than the 100% found in AIH and PBC(P = 0.004 and P < 0.001,respectively).There were more anti-PML and anti-gp210 antibodies among the CHB patients than the CHC patients(11.1% vs 0%,P = 0.003; 12.6% vs 0%,P < 0.001,respectively).The prevalence and titer of AMA,anti-BPO,anti-PML,and anti-gp210 were higher in PBC than in those with CHB.Among the CHB patients,the prevalence of ANA,especially ANA-H,was significantly lower in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis.Thirty-eight cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in CHB showed a significant differencecompared with non-HCC patients in the prevalence of anti-PML(0% vs 12.5%,P = 0.013).Dichotomization of the autoantibodies revealed that the PBC profile was more prevalent in patients with CHB than in those with CHC,and that it was strongly correlated with both compensated and decompensated cirrhosis.In contrast,the prevalence of the AIH profile was significantly higher in non-cirrhosis patients with CHB than in those with compensated cirrhosis(18.5% vs 8.2%,P = 0.039).Moreover,the AIH profile was also closely associated with hepatitis B e-antigen positivity.CONCLUSION: ANA-H could be an indicator of earlystage CHB.Dichotomizing the autoantibody profiles revealed that the PBC profile is strongly associated with cirrhosis in CHB.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30901228
文摘A 57-year-old man presented with intermittent dull abdominal pain after a period of 1 year.Abdominal computed tomography(CT) was performed.Except for the endoscopy,the work-up for possible medical causes remained inconclusive.An open-abdomen,partial surgical excision of the stomach was performed after the unsuccessful endoscopic resection.The pathology report revealed a glomus tumor of the stomach.Importantly,glomus tumors of the stomach are rare and are almost always benign.Therefore,the most important current role of imaging associated with the diagnostic approach and therapeutic plan for a glomus tumor is to differentiate it from other gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs).We report this case with representative radiologic findings,including CT and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) reports,and also correlate them with clinical and pathologic presentations that can help in the early detection and differentiation of gastric SMTs from other SMTs.As such,the purpose of this report is to provide a better understanding of relevant CT and EUS features.Alternative treatments should be considered carefully according to the imaging results.
基金Supported by a grant from the Innovation Project of the PLA Army General Hospital of China(No.2015-LC-18)
文摘Objective To compute and compare the tumor control probability(TCP) of volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) for breast cancer after conservative surgery based on two types of multileaf collimator(MLC) through a retrospective planning study.Methods For a group of 9 patients diagnosed with left breast cancer,VMAT plan based on Agility MLC and beam modulator(BM) MLC were designed.The prescription dose was 50 Gy covering at least 95% of the planning target volume,2 Gy per fraction.TCPs were calculated according to dose-volume histogram(DVH) analysis.Results The TCP of the BM VMAT plan was slightly higher than that of the Agility VMAT plan(94.61% vs 94.23%) but was inferior with respect to delivery efficiency;the delivery time was reduced for Agility VMAT plan by 35% compared to BM VMAT plan.Conclusion For breast cancer radiation therapy after conservative surgery,BM VMAT plans provide slightly higher TCP while the delivery of Agility VMAT plans is significantly faster than the BM VMAT plans.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer mainly occurs in young and premenopausal women;its incidence is increasing annually. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) have relatively high recurrence and transfer rates during the operation and 3 years after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, the treatment for patients with TNBC is mainly based on a comprehensive combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, identifying additional effective treatments to improve patient prognosis is important.AIM To explore and discuss the effects and prognostic factors of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC.METHODS In total, 118 patients diagnosed with TNBC from January 2016 to January 2020 in our hospital were selected and divided into the observation(n = 60) and control(n = 58) groups according to therapeutic regimen. The control group received routine chemotherapy, and the observation group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed, and the survival of patients was followed up.RESULTS The karyopherin A2(KPNA2)-positive and SRY-related HMG box-2(SOX2)-positive expression rates of patients with TNBC with intravascular tumor thrombus and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) stage IV were 92.00% and 91.67% and 96.00% and 95.83%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of patients with no intravascular tumor thrombus and TNM stage Ⅲ(P < 0.05). KPNA2 was positively associated with SOX2 expression(rs = 0.514, P < 0.50). The short-term curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P < 0.05), and the total effective rate was 58.33%. After treatment, carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen(CA) 19-9, and CA125 Levels in the observation group were 11.40 ± 2.32 mg/L, 19.92 ± 3.42 kU/L, and 54.30 ± 12.28 kU/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The median survival time of the observation group was 33 mo(95%CI: 31.21-34.79), which was significantly longer than that of the control group(P < 0.05). TNM stage, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, KPNA2 and SOX2 expressions, and treatment plan were prognostic factors of TNBC(relative risk = 1.575, 1.380, 1.366, 1.433, 1.411, and 0.581, respectively, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for TNBC treatment can achieve good curative effects. TNM stage, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, KPNA2 and SOX2 expressions, and treatment plan are prognostic factors of TNBC.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No, 60273035） and the Science Development Grant of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2005.
基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 7142131
文摘Background: Recent research into skin injury and wound healing has focused mainly on post‐trauma hemostasis, infection prevention, dermal regeneration and angiogenesis. However, less attention has been paid to air permeability and moisture loss prevention which also play important roles in injury healing. Methods: In the present work, we prepared a hyaluronic acid‐poloxamer (HA‐POL) hydrogel and tested the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel on skin‐wound healing. Results: The HA‐POL hydrogel transformed from sol to gel at 30°C, close to body temperature, and had stable moisturizing properties. HA‐POL hydrogel promoted skin‐wound healing and increased protein accumulation in the wound area. HA‐POL hydrogel allowed greater air permeability than Band‐aid, a typical wound covering. Results from transwell assays showed that the HA‐POL hydrogel effectively isolated skin‐wounds from bacterial invasion. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the advantages of using HA‐POL gel materials in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 81702986Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 7142131
文摘Background: The outcomes for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) receiving sorafenib are far from satisfactory because of treatment resistance to sorafenib. However, the exact mechanism of resistance to sorafenib remains unclear and it is valuable to establish a novel mouse model to quantitatively analyze the inhibition rates of sorafenib on the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver.Methods: HCC tissue microblocks derived from patients were cultured and mixed with hydrogel drops. Then, hydrogel drops containing microblocks of HCC tissue were attached onto the surface of the livers of nude mice to form lesions or nodules of HCC. The mice received molecular targeting agents through oral administration. Livers with tumor nodules were harvested for H&E staining(hematoxylin-eosin staining) analysis and H&E staining images were quantitatively analyzed using image J software. The invasive growth of HCC cells into the liver was calculated using the depth of the lesions compared with the total thickness of the liver.Results: Microblocks containing cells derived from HCC patients can form lesions in the liver of nude mice. Oral administration of molecular targeting agents inhibited the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice.Conclusions: The model established in this study involves the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice, and the model allows for the quantitative analysis of the inhibitory effect of molecular targeting agents on the invasion of HCC cells in vivo.
文摘OBJECTIVE Ci-xian County is located in the north of Chinaand is a high-risk area for esophageal cancer(EC).In 2004,theincidence rate of EC in the county was 127/100,000 and 93/100,000in the male and female population,respectively,and that ofgastric cancer(GC)was 72/100,000 and 36/100,000.Since 2001 acohort screening,supported by a special national fund,utilizingendoscopic examination with iodine staining for the targetpopulation at the age ranging from 40 to 69 years was carried out,so as to reduce the incidence and mortality rates in the high-riskareas of EC.METHODS In October 2001,4 townships in the Ci-xian County,Hebei,China were selected,with 22,016 cases in the interventiongroup(IVG)and 33,410 in the control group(CG).The totalpopulation coverage reached 55,000.There were 3257 males and3339 females in the IVG with the age ranging from 40 to 69 years,and 4299 males and 4430 females in the CG with the same rangeof the age.Endoscopic screening with iodine staining was used inthe IVG,with a screening rate of 53.2%.During the screening byendoscopic examination,97 cases were found to have esophagealsquamous epithelium,carcinoma-in-situ at the cardiac glandularepithelium or intra-mucosal carcinoma.Additionally,102cases were identified to have severe atypical hyperplasia in theesophagus and gastric cardia.The natural incidence rate of cancerand the mortality were observed in the CG.The ICD-0 version wasused in the tumor incidence and death registration coding.Duringa period from June to September 2008,based on the information ofthe tumor registration database of the incidence and mortality inthe Ci-xian County,the cohort groups were studied and followed.RESULTS There were 133 patients with untreatable EC and48 with GC in the IVG,while there were 259 and 37 patients inthe CG who died of esophageal and gastric cancer,respectively.The relative risk(RR)of death was 0.76 in the male patients withEC,95%CI(0.59-0.98),P=0.038,and in the female patients theRR was 0.51,95%CI(0.35-0.75),P=0.000.The RR of death in theGC patients was 2.45,(1.40-4.29)in the male,P=0.01,and 0.99,(0.47-1.99),in the female cases,P=0.906.CONCLUSION Six years after a cohort screening of a largepopulation by endoscopic examination with iodine staining inareas at high risk for EC,the death risk in the male and femalepatients with EC has decreased compared with that in the controlgroup.The difference between the 2 groups was statisticallysignificant.However,no protective method used to decrease thedeath risk in GC patients has been found during this period ofendoscopic screening.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)superinfection is a suspected promoting factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.However,to date,very few cases of HEV-related HCC have been reported.Nevertheless,the role of HEV re-infection in cirrhotic liver without other chronic hepatitis infections has rarely been explored.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male farmer was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly in August 2016,accompanied with negative HEV-IgM and positive HEV-IgG.No evidence of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection was found.Since then the patient was evaluated for liver function and viral parameters every 3 mo.In June 2017,the patient presented severe fatigue with whole body itching and was diagnosed with HCC.Afterwards this patient experienced quick HCC development,progression,relapse,and metastasis in the following 8 mo,and presented persistent dual positivity of HEV-IgM and HEV-IgG.This patient had a long history of smoking and alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION This unique case invokes the importance of HEV surveillance and treatment among cirrhotic patients,HCC cases,and blood donors.
文摘A novel correction algorithm is proposed for multi-class classification problems with corrupted training data.The algorithm is non-intrusive,in the sense that it post-processes a trained classification model by adding a correction procedure to the model prediction.The correction procedure can be coupled with any approximators,such as logistic regression,neural networks of various architectures,etc.When the training dataset is sufficiently large,we theoretically prove(in the limiting case)and numerically show that the corrected models deliver correct classification results as if there is no corruption in the training data.For datasets of finite size,the corrected models produce significantly better recovery results,compared to the models without the correction algorithm.All of the theoretical findings in the paper are verified by our numerical examples.
文摘Objective The aiom of the study was to compare the impacts of two types of multileaf collimators （MLC） [standard MLC with a width of 10 mm （sMLC） and micro-MLC with a width of 5 mm （mMLC）] on volumetric modulated arc therapy （VMAT） planning for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods VMAT for ten patients with inoperable malignant pleural mesotheliomas was retrospectively planned with the sMLC and mMLC. Histogram-based dose-volume parameters of the planning target vol- ume （PTV） [conformity index （CI） and homogeneous index （HI）] and organs-at-risk were compared for VMAT plans with sMLC （sMLC-VMAT） and mMLC （mMLC-VMAT）. Results The mMLC-VMAT plans were more efficient （average delivery time： 2.67±1.49 min） than the sMLC-VMAT plans （average delivery time： 4.21 ± 2.03 min; P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, compared to the sMLC plans, the mMLC plans demonstrated advantages in the dose coverage of the PTV （CI 0.75 ± 0.08 vs 0.73± 0.09; HI 1.09 ±0.02 vs 1.10± 0.02）, although the difference was not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. In addition, significant dose sparing in the fraction of the ipsilateral lung volume receiving 〉 20 Gy （V20; 54.72± 27.08 vs 58.52 ± 29.30） and 〉 30 Gy （V30; 42.74 ± 27.86 vs 46.86± 31.49） radiation, respectively, was observed for the mMLC plans （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Comparing sMLC-VMAT and mMLC-VMAT not only demonstrated the higher efficiency and better optimal target coverage of mMLC-VMAT, but also considerably improved the dose sparing of the ipsilateral lung in the VMAT plans for mali qnant pleural mesothelioma.
