Gross primary production(GPP) plays a crucial part in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems.A set of validated monthly GPP data from 1957 to 2010 in 0.5°× 0.5° grids of China was weighted from the ...Gross primary production(GPP) plays a crucial part in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems.A set of validated monthly GPP data from 1957 to 2010 in 0.5°× 0.5° grids of China was weighted from the Multi-scale Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project using Bayesian model averaging(BMA).The spatial anomalies of detrended BMA GPP during the growing seasons of typical El Nino years indicated that GPP response to El Nino varies with Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) phases: when the PDO was in the cool phase,it was likely that GPP was greater in northern China(32°–38°N,111°–122°E) and less in the Yangtze River valley(28°–32°N,111°–122°E);in contrast,when PDO was in the warm phase,the GPP anomalies were usually reversed in these two regions.The consistent spatiotemporal pattern and high partial correlation revealed that rainfall dominated this phenomenon.The previously published findings on how El Nino during different phases of PDO affecting rainfall in eastern China make the statistical relationship between GPP and El Nino in this study theoretically credible.This paper not only introduces an effective way to use BMA in grids that have mixed plant function types,but also makes it possible to evaluate the carbon cycle in eastern China based on the prediction of El Nino and PDO.展开更多
How vegetation phenology responds to climate change is a key to the understanding of the mechanisms driving historic and future changes in regional terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Based on the 250-m and 8-day mode...How vegetation phenology responds to climate change is a key to the understanding of the mechanisms driving historic and future changes in regional terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Based on the 250-m and 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) data for 2000-2014 in the Three-River Source Region(TRSR) of Qinghai Province, China, i.e., the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, we extracted relevant vegetation phenological information(e.g., start, end, and length of growing season) and analyzed the changes in the TRSR vegetation in response to climate change. The results reveal that, under the increasingly warm and humid climate, the start of vegetation growing season(SOS) advanced 1.03 day yr-1 while the end of vegetation growing season(EOS) exhibited no significant changes, which led to extended growing season length. It is found that the SOS was greatly affected by the preceding winter precipitation, with progressively enhanced precipitation facilitating an earlier SOS. Moreover, as the variations of SOS and its trend depended strongly on topography, we estimated the elevation break-points for SOS. The lower the elevations were, the earlier the SOS started. In the areas below 3095-m elevation, the SOS delay changed rapidly with increasing elevation;whereas above that, the SOS changes were relatively minor. The SOS trend had three elevation break-points at 2660, 3880, and 5240 m.展开更多
Background:An accurate assessment of the carbon budget is a crucial part of projecting future climate change and its impact on ecosystems.Grasslands foster multiple ecological functions including support for wild anim...Background:An accurate assessment of the carbon budget is a crucial part of projecting future climate change and its impact on ecosystems.Grasslands foster multiple ecological functions including support for wild animals and livestocks.Herbivores intake forage biomass carbon,then digest and metabolize,and finally retain some carbon.The carbon processes have not been well quantified,resulting in uncertainties in the estimation of regional carbon budgets for grassland ecosystems.Methods:An animal metabolic carbon flux model was developed for herbivores in the Three-Rivers Headwaters region of China.The forage intake and metabolic carbon rates were estimated through metabolic body weight and daily digested measures for the main herbivore species.Results:The carbon intake was 5.52 Tg C year−1(45%)from partial aboveground biomass(12.2 Tg C year−1),in which 39.31%was released into the atmosphere by respiration CO_(2),43.77%was returned to the ecosystem as feces and urine,and 16.96%was retained in herbivores for population regeneration or for human well-being.Conclusions:This study,as the first research on this topic,quantified the carbon flux of herbivores and found livestock accounts for a major part of consumed carbon on grasslands,which is important for understanding regional carbon budgets to mitigate and adapt to climate change over grasslands worldwide.展开更多
Factors associated with complete and durable remissions after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell immunotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma(r/r NHL)have not been well characterized.In ...Factors associated with complete and durable remissions after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell immunotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma(r/r NHL)have not been well characterized.In this study,we found that the different sites of extranodal involvement may affect response,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS)in patients with r/r NHL treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells.In a cohort of 32 treated patients,12(37.5%)and 8(25%)patients exhibited soft tissue lymphoma and bone marrow(BM)infiltrations,respectively,and 13(41%)patients exhibited infiltration at other sites.The factors that may affect prognosis were identified through multivariable analysis.As an independent risk factor,soft tissue infiltration was the only factor significantly correlated with adverse prognosis(P<0.05),whereas other factors did not reach statistical significance.Furthermore,the site of extranodal tumor infiltration significantly and negatively affected OS and PFS in patients with r/r NHL treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy.PFS and OS in patients with BM involvement were not significantly different from those of patients with lymph node involvement alone.Thus,anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with BM infiltration.展开更多
Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is a distinct histological type of B-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis.Several agents,such as proteasome inhibitors,immunomodulatory drugs,and inhibitors of B cell lymphoma-2 and Bruton’s t...Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is a distinct histological type of B-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis.Several agents,such as proteasome inhibitors,immunomodulatory drugs,and inhibitors of B cell lymphoma-2 and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase have shown efficacy for relapsed or refractory(r/r)MCL but often have short-term responses.Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy has emerged as a novel treatment modality for r/r non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.However,long-term safety and tolerability associated with CAR T-cell therapy are not defined well,especially in MCL.In this report,we described a 70-year-old patient with r/r MCL with 48-month duration of follow-up who achieved long-term remission after CAR T-cell therapy.CAR T-cell-related toxicities were also mild and tolerated well even in this elderly patient.This report suggested that CAR T-cell therapy is a promising treatment modality for patients with MCL,who are generally elderly and have comorbid conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2016YFA0602501 and 2018YFA0606004)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.XDA20040301 and XDA20020201)。
文摘Gross primary production(GPP) plays a crucial part in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems.A set of validated monthly GPP data from 1957 to 2010 in 0.5°× 0.5° grids of China was weighted from the Multi-scale Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project using Bayesian model averaging(BMA).The spatial anomalies of detrended BMA GPP during the growing seasons of typical El Nino years indicated that GPP response to El Nino varies with Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) phases: when the PDO was in the cool phase,it was likely that GPP was greater in northern China(32°–38°N,111°–122°E) and less in the Yangtze River valley(28°–32°N,111°–122°E);in contrast,when PDO was in the warm phase,the GPP anomalies were usually reversed in these two regions.The consistent spatiotemporal pattern and high partial correlation revealed that rainfall dominated this phenomenon.The previously published findings on how El Nino during different phases of PDO affecting rainfall in eastern China make the statistical relationship between GPP and El Nino in this study theoretically credible.This paper not only introduces an effective way to use BMA in grids that have mixed plant function types,but also makes it possible to evaluate the carbon cycle in eastern China based on the prediction of El Nino and PDO.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0500203 and 2017YFC0503803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971507)Science and Technology Program of Qinghai Province(2018-ZJ-T09)。
文摘How vegetation phenology responds to climate change is a key to the understanding of the mechanisms driving historic and future changes in regional terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Based on the 250-m and 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) data for 2000-2014 in the Three-River Source Region(TRSR) of Qinghai Province, China, i.e., the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, we extracted relevant vegetation phenological information(e.g., start, end, and length of growing season) and analyzed the changes in the TRSR vegetation in response to climate change. The results reveal that, under the increasingly warm and humid climate, the start of vegetation growing season(SOS) advanced 1.03 day yr-1 while the end of vegetation growing season(EOS) exhibited no significant changes, which led to extended growing season length. It is found that the SOS was greatly affected by the preceding winter precipitation, with progressively enhanced precipitation facilitating an earlier SOS. Moreover, as the variations of SOS and its trend depended strongly on topography, we estimated the elevation break-points for SOS. The lower the elevations were, the earlier the SOS started. In the areas below 3095-m elevation, the SOS delay changed rapidly with increasing elevation;whereas above that, the SOS changes were relatively minor. The SOS trend had three elevation break-points at 2660, 3880, and 5240 m.
基金The online version of this article （doi：10.1007/s13238-016-0247-8） contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program （973 Program） （No. 2012CB966303）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 81330030, 91319309, and 31271371）, the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province （Grant 2012HA013）, the Yunnan Basic Research Projects （Grant 2014FC004）, and the Doctoral Tutor of Education Department of Shanghai, China （Grant 20130072110021 ）, grants from NASAD： BRN ＆ BEHV RES FND 23072, NIH R21：IR21NS095184-01 and finally, a fellowship from China Scholarship Council to X. -Y.C.
基金Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0302)CAS-Qinghai Province Joint program on Three-River Headwaters National Park(Grant No.LHZX-2020-07)Qinghai Natural Science Fund Innovation Team Project(Grant No.2021-ZJ-902).
文摘Background:An accurate assessment of the carbon budget is a crucial part of projecting future climate change and its impact on ecosystems.Grasslands foster multiple ecological functions including support for wild animals and livestocks.Herbivores intake forage biomass carbon,then digest and metabolize,and finally retain some carbon.The carbon processes have not been well quantified,resulting in uncertainties in the estimation of regional carbon budgets for grassland ecosystems.Methods:An animal metabolic carbon flux model was developed for herbivores in the Three-Rivers Headwaters region of China.The forage intake and metabolic carbon rates were estimated through metabolic body weight and daily digested measures for the main herbivore species.Results:The carbon intake was 5.52 Tg C year−1(45%)from partial aboveground biomass(12.2 Tg C year−1),in which 39.31%was released into the atmosphere by respiration CO_(2),43.77%was returned to the ecosystem as feces and urine,and 16.96%was retained in herbivores for population regeneration or for human well-being.Conclusions:This study,as the first research on this topic,quantified the carbon flux of herbivores and found livestock accounts for a major part of consumed carbon on grasslands,which is important for understanding regional carbon budgets to mitigate and adapt to climate change over grasslands worldwide.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Municipal Hospital Frontier Technology Joint Project of Shanghai City(No.SHDC12015108)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81830004 and 31301118).
文摘Factors associated with complete and durable remissions after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell immunotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma(r/r NHL)have not been well characterized.In this study,we found that the different sites of extranodal involvement may affect response,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS)in patients with r/r NHL treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells.In a cohort of 32 treated patients,12(37.5%)and 8(25%)patients exhibited soft tissue lymphoma and bone marrow(BM)infiltrations,respectively,and 13(41%)patients exhibited infiltration at other sites.The factors that may affect prognosis were identified through multivariable analysis.As an independent risk factor,soft tissue infiltration was the only factor significantly correlated with adverse prognosis(P<0.05),whereas other factors did not reach statistical significance.Furthermore,the site of extranodal tumor infiltration significantly and negatively affected OS and PFS in patients with r/r NHL treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy.PFS and OS in patients with BM involvement were not significantly different from those of patients with lymph node involvement alone.Thus,anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with BM infiltration.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Shanghai Municipal Hospital New Frontier Technology Joint Research Project(No.SHDC12015108)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81830004,31301118,and 81272325)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22120170004).
文摘Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is a distinct histological type of B-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis.Several agents,such as proteasome inhibitors,immunomodulatory drugs,and inhibitors of B cell lymphoma-2 and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase have shown efficacy for relapsed or refractory(r/r)MCL but often have short-term responses.Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy has emerged as a novel treatment modality for r/r non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.However,long-term safety and tolerability associated with CAR T-cell therapy are not defined well,especially in MCL.In this report,we described a 70-year-old patient with r/r MCL with 48-month duration of follow-up who achieved long-term remission after CAR T-cell therapy.CAR T-cell-related toxicities were also mild and tolerated well even in this elderly patient.This report suggested that CAR T-cell therapy is a promising treatment modality for patients with MCL,who are generally elderly and have comorbid conditions.
