Hydraulic cylinder is a primary component of the hydraulic valve systems.The numerical study of hydraulic cylinder to evaluate the stress analysis,the life assessment and the performance of operation characteristics i...Hydraulic cylinder is a primary component of the hydraulic valve systems.The numerical study of hydraulic cylinder to evaluate the stress analysis,the life assessment and the performance of operation characteristics in hydraulic cylinder were described.The calculation of safety factor,fatigue life,piston chamber pressure,rod chamber pressure and the change of velocity of piston with flow time after the beginning of hydraulic cylinder were incorporated.Numerical analysis was performed using the commercial CFD code,ANSYS with unsteady,dynamic mesh model,two-way FSI(fluid-structure interaction)method and k-εturbulent model.The internal pressure in hydraulic cylinder through stress analysis show higher than those of the yield strength.展开更多
Background and Study Aims: It is difficult to achieve complete endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoid tumors without any procedure-related complications. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of endosc...Background and Study Aims: It is difficult to achieve complete endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoid tumors without any procedure-related complications. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation (ESMR-DL) for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors. Patients and Methods: Eleven rectal carcinoid tumors (in 11 patients) were resected by ESMR-DL between November 2001 and April 2004, using a conventional single-channel endoscope with an attached band-ligator device. The lesion was aspirated into the ligator device and an elastic band was placed around the base; a detachable snare was then used to ligate the stalk below the elastic band; and snare resection was performed above the elastic band. The resected specimens were examined with respect to size, histological atypia, depth of invasion, and the histological appearance of the resection margins. Results: All the lesions were excised completely without any complications. There was no tumor invasion beyond the submucosal layer and there was no evidence of atypia in any of the specimens. Tumor diameter varied from 2.0 mm to 10.0 mm (average 6.2 mm). None of the 11 specimens showed histopathological evidence of tumor involvement at the resection margins. There were no immediate or late complications (bleeding or perforation) after ESMR-DL. There was no local recurrence and there were no distant metastases in any patients during the mean follow-up period of 18 months. Conclusion: Endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation is a useful and safe method for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors.展开更多
Objective: There is only one neuropathologic report of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), and none of synergistic divergence. The aim of this report was to study the oculomotor nerve and the abduc...Objective: There is only one neuropathologic report of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), and none of synergistic divergence. The aim of this report was to study the oculomotor nerve and the abducens nerve in 2 such p atients with magnetic resonance imaging. Design: Observational case reports. Met hods: Ophthalmologic examination and thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging across the brainstem level were performed in 2 patients with CFEOM and synergist ic divergence. To confirm the accuracy of the procedure, we compared the results obtained with those of a control group of 40 individuals using the same techniq ue. Main Outcome Measures: The oculomotor nerve and the abducens nerve on magnet ic resonance imaging. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed bilateral hy poplasia of the oculomotor nerve in both patients, and absence of the abducens n erve on the affected side of synergistic divergence. The oculomotor and abducens nerves were observed in 80 of 80 eyes (100%) screened as controls. C onclusions: In both patients with CFEOM and synergistic divergence, the oculomot or nerve was hypoplastic bilaterally, and the abducens nerve was absent on the s ide exhibiting synergistic divergence.展开更多
This study is a retrospective analysis of stage Ⅰ B- Ⅱ B cervical carcinoma patients who had received postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Eight hundred patients with stage Ⅰ B- Ⅱ B cervical carcinomas who received ...This study is a retrospective analysis of stage Ⅰ B- Ⅱ B cervical carcinoma patients who had received postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Eight hundred patients with stage Ⅰ B- Ⅱ B cervical carcinomas who received PORT after radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) between February 1979 and March 2000 were analyzed. The median follow- up duration was 100 months. The 5- year overall survival (OS) and disease- free survival (DFS) rates were 88% and 81% , respectively. One hundred forty- six patients (18% ) failed, and 103 of these had distant metastases. Multivariate analysis revealed that pelvic lymph node (LN) metastasis significantly compromised OS, DFS, pelvic failure- free survival (PFFS), and distant failure- free survival (DFFS) (P < 0.05). Patients with age < 50 years, deep stromal invasion (DSI), and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) were significantly associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis after PORT. The incidences of late rectal, urinary, and small bowel complications of grade 3 or higher were 1.6% , 1.4% , and 1.0% , respectively. PORT achieved good OS and DFS in the patients with risk factors after radical hysterectomy for stage IB- IIB cervical carcinomas. Distant metastasis was the major pattern of treatment failure after PORT. Effective systemic chemotherapy might be a breakthrough in improving the outcome of PORT in patients with cervical carcinomas.展开更多
Objectives. To evaluate the clinical effect of intraperitoneal hypert hermic ch emotherapy (IPHC) in ovarian cancer patients. Patients and methods. We retrospec tively reviewed 117 stages Ic-III ovarian cancer patient...Objectives. To evaluate the clinical effect of intraperitoneal hypert hermic ch emotherapy (IPHC) in ovarian cancer patients. Patients and methods. We retrospec tively reviewed 117 stages Ic-III ovarian cancer patients, who were diagnosed a t the Gynecology Department of Kangnam St. Marys Hospital between January 1994 and January 2000. Of these, 57 patients underwent cytoreductive surgery (conven tional treatment)with IPHC and 60 patients (control group) underwent conventiona l treatment only. IPHC consisted of administering a mixture of 350 mg/m2 of carb oplatin and 5,000,000 IU/m2 of interferon-α, and maintaining the intraperitone al temperature at 43-44°C during surgery. Results. The overall 5-year surviva l rate was 58.6%; that of the IPHC group was 63.4%vs. 52.8%in the control group, w ith significantly higher survival in the IPHC group (P = 0.0078). Considering st age III ovarian cancer patients only (n = 74), the survival rate was 53.8%in th e IPHC group (n = 35) and 33.3%in the control group (n = 39) and was significan tly higher in the IPHC group (P = 0.0015). For stage III ovarian cancer patients whose tumor was reduced to less than 1 cm during a second procedure (n = 53), t he 5-year survival rate was 65.6%in patients who underwent IPHC (n = 26) and 4 0.7%in the control patients (n = 27) (P = 0.0046). IPHC was an independent prog nostic factor that was not affected by surgical staging, tumor size after second surgery, or patient age, according to a multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio = 0 .496, P = 0.0176). Conclusion. Our study suggests that IPHC is a promising new t reatment modality in ovarian cancer.展开更多
To analyze whether the presence of the abducens nerve might depend upon the ty pe of Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS). Observational case series. Sixteen pat ients with type 1 DRS, 2 patients with type 2 DRS, and 5 ...To analyze whether the presence of the abducens nerve might depend upon the ty pe of Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS). Observational case series. Sixteen pat ients with type 1 DRS, 2 patients with type 2 DRS, and 5 patients with type 3 DR S. Ophthalmologic examination and thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging (MR I) at the brain stem level were performed in 23 DRS patients. To confirm the acc uracy of the procedure, we compared the results obtained with those of a control group of 30 individuals using the same technique. Examination of ductions and v ersions and the presence of the abducens nerve on MRI. The abducens nerve on the affected side could not be observed using MRI in 18 (100%) of 18 eyes (16 pati ents) with type 1 DRS and in 3 of 5 eyes with type 3 DRS. Conversely, the abduce ns nerve was observed in 2 of 2 eyes with type 2 DRS and 2 of 5 eyes with type 3 DRS. The abducens nerve was observed in 60 (100%) of 60 eyes screened as contr ols. The abducens nerve on the affected side was absent in type 1 DRS patients a nd some type 3 DRS patients, but present in type 2 DRS patients as well as in so me type 3 DRS patients. In terms of the presence or absence of the abducens nerv e, type 1 and type 2 DRS were homogenous, and type 3 DRS was heterogenous.展开更多
基金supported by the International Cooperation on Technology Development Program of the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology ( KIAT),Republic of Korea ( N0000902)
文摘Hydraulic cylinder is a primary component of the hydraulic valve systems.The numerical study of hydraulic cylinder to evaluate the stress analysis,the life assessment and the performance of operation characteristics in hydraulic cylinder were described.The calculation of safety factor,fatigue life,piston chamber pressure,rod chamber pressure and the change of velocity of piston with flow time after the beginning of hydraulic cylinder were incorporated.Numerical analysis was performed using the commercial CFD code,ANSYS with unsteady,dynamic mesh model,two-way FSI(fluid-structure interaction)method and k-εturbulent model.The internal pressure in hydraulic cylinder through stress analysis show higher than those of the yield strength.
文摘Background and Study Aims: It is difficult to achieve complete endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoid tumors without any procedure-related complications. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation (ESMR-DL) for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors. Patients and Methods: Eleven rectal carcinoid tumors (in 11 patients) were resected by ESMR-DL between November 2001 and April 2004, using a conventional single-channel endoscope with an attached band-ligator device. The lesion was aspirated into the ligator device and an elastic band was placed around the base; a detachable snare was then used to ligate the stalk below the elastic band; and snare resection was performed above the elastic band. The resected specimens were examined with respect to size, histological atypia, depth of invasion, and the histological appearance of the resection margins. Results: All the lesions were excised completely without any complications. There was no tumor invasion beyond the submucosal layer and there was no evidence of atypia in any of the specimens. Tumor diameter varied from 2.0 mm to 10.0 mm (average 6.2 mm). None of the 11 specimens showed histopathological evidence of tumor involvement at the resection margins. There were no immediate or late complications (bleeding or perforation) after ESMR-DL. There was no local recurrence and there were no distant metastases in any patients during the mean follow-up period of 18 months. Conclusion: Endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation is a useful and safe method for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors.
文摘Objective: There is only one neuropathologic report of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), and none of synergistic divergence. The aim of this report was to study the oculomotor nerve and the abducens nerve in 2 such p atients with magnetic resonance imaging. Design: Observational case reports. Met hods: Ophthalmologic examination and thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging across the brainstem level were performed in 2 patients with CFEOM and synergist ic divergence. To confirm the accuracy of the procedure, we compared the results obtained with those of a control group of 40 individuals using the same techniq ue. Main Outcome Measures: The oculomotor nerve and the abducens nerve on magnet ic resonance imaging. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed bilateral hy poplasia of the oculomotor nerve in both patients, and absence of the abducens n erve on the affected side of synergistic divergence. The oculomotor and abducens nerves were observed in 80 of 80 eyes (100%) screened as controls. C onclusions: In both patients with CFEOM and synergistic divergence, the oculomot or nerve was hypoplastic bilaterally, and the abducens nerve was absent on the s ide exhibiting synergistic divergence.
文摘This study is a retrospective analysis of stage Ⅰ B- Ⅱ B cervical carcinoma patients who had received postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Eight hundred patients with stage Ⅰ B- Ⅱ B cervical carcinomas who received PORT after radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) between February 1979 and March 2000 were analyzed. The median follow- up duration was 100 months. The 5- year overall survival (OS) and disease- free survival (DFS) rates were 88% and 81% , respectively. One hundred forty- six patients (18% ) failed, and 103 of these had distant metastases. Multivariate analysis revealed that pelvic lymph node (LN) metastasis significantly compromised OS, DFS, pelvic failure- free survival (PFFS), and distant failure- free survival (DFFS) (P < 0.05). Patients with age < 50 years, deep stromal invasion (DSI), and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) were significantly associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis after PORT. The incidences of late rectal, urinary, and small bowel complications of grade 3 or higher were 1.6% , 1.4% , and 1.0% , respectively. PORT achieved good OS and DFS in the patients with risk factors after radical hysterectomy for stage IB- IIB cervical carcinomas. Distant metastasis was the major pattern of treatment failure after PORT. Effective systemic chemotherapy might be a breakthrough in improving the outcome of PORT in patients with cervical carcinomas.
文摘Objectives. To evaluate the clinical effect of intraperitoneal hypert hermic ch emotherapy (IPHC) in ovarian cancer patients. Patients and methods. We retrospec tively reviewed 117 stages Ic-III ovarian cancer patients, who were diagnosed a t the Gynecology Department of Kangnam St. Marys Hospital between January 1994 and January 2000. Of these, 57 patients underwent cytoreductive surgery (conven tional treatment)with IPHC and 60 patients (control group) underwent conventiona l treatment only. IPHC consisted of administering a mixture of 350 mg/m2 of carb oplatin and 5,000,000 IU/m2 of interferon-α, and maintaining the intraperitone al temperature at 43-44°C during surgery. Results. The overall 5-year surviva l rate was 58.6%; that of the IPHC group was 63.4%vs. 52.8%in the control group, w ith significantly higher survival in the IPHC group (P = 0.0078). Considering st age III ovarian cancer patients only (n = 74), the survival rate was 53.8%in th e IPHC group (n = 35) and 33.3%in the control group (n = 39) and was significan tly higher in the IPHC group (P = 0.0015). For stage III ovarian cancer patients whose tumor was reduced to less than 1 cm during a second procedure (n = 53), t he 5-year survival rate was 65.6%in patients who underwent IPHC (n = 26) and 4 0.7%in the control patients (n = 27) (P = 0.0046). IPHC was an independent prog nostic factor that was not affected by surgical staging, tumor size after second surgery, or patient age, according to a multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio = 0 .496, P = 0.0176). Conclusion. Our study suggests that IPHC is a promising new t reatment modality in ovarian cancer.
文摘To analyze whether the presence of the abducens nerve might depend upon the ty pe of Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS). Observational case series. Sixteen pat ients with type 1 DRS, 2 patients with type 2 DRS, and 5 patients with type 3 DR S. Ophthalmologic examination and thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging (MR I) at the brain stem level were performed in 23 DRS patients. To confirm the acc uracy of the procedure, we compared the results obtained with those of a control group of 30 individuals using the same technique. Examination of ductions and v ersions and the presence of the abducens nerve on MRI. The abducens nerve on the affected side could not be observed using MRI in 18 (100%) of 18 eyes (16 pati ents) with type 1 DRS and in 3 of 5 eyes with type 3 DRS. Conversely, the abduce ns nerve was observed in 2 of 2 eyes with type 2 DRS and 2 of 5 eyes with type 3 DRS. The abducens nerve was observed in 60 (100%) of 60 eyes screened as contr ols. The abducens nerve on the affected side was absent in type 1 DRS patients a nd some type 3 DRS patients, but present in type 2 DRS patients as well as in so me type 3 DRS patients. In terms of the presence or absence of the abducens nerv e, type 1 and type 2 DRS were homogenous, and type 3 DRS was heterogenous.
