Underground Thermal Energy Storage(UTES)store unstable and non-continuous energy underground,releasing stable heat energy on demand.This effectively improve energy utilization and optimize energy allocation.As UTES te...Underground Thermal Energy Storage(UTES)store unstable and non-continuous energy underground,releasing stable heat energy on demand.This effectively improve energy utilization and optimize energy allocation.As UTES technology advances,accommodating greater depth,higher temperature and multi-energy complementarity,new research challenges emerge.This paper comprehensively provides a systematic summary of the current research status of UTES.It categorized different types of UTES systems,analyzes the applicability of key technologies of UTES,and evaluate their economic and environmental benefits.Moreover,this paper identifies existing issues with UTES,such as injection blockage,wellbore scaling and corrosion,seepage and heat transfer in cracks,etc.It suggests deepening the research on blockage formation mechanism and plugging prevention technology,improving the study of anticorrosive materials and water treatment technology,and enhancing the investigation of reservoir fracture network characterization technology and seepage heat transfer.These recommendations serve as valuable references for promoting the high-quality development of UTES.展开更多
This paper focuses on the study of the evolutionary mechanism governing the temperature field of geothermal reservoir under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions,which is crucial for the sustainable geother...This paper focuses on the study of the evolutionary mechanism governing the temperature field of geothermal reservoir under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions,which is crucial for the sustainable geothermal energy management.With advancing exploitation of geothermal resources deepens,precise understanding of this mechanism becomes paramount for devising effective reinjection strategies,optimizing reservoir utilization,and bolstering the economic viability of geothermal energy development.The article presents a comprehensive review of temperature field evolution across diverse heterogeneous thermal reservoirs under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions,and analyzes key factors influ-encing this evolution.It evaluates existing research methods,highlighting their strengths and limitations.The study identifies gaps in the application of rock seepage and heat transfer theories on a large scale,alongside the need for enhanced accuracy in field test results,particularly regarding computational effi-ciency of fractured thermal reservoir models under multi-well reinjection conditions.To address these shortcomings,the study proposes conducting large-scale rock seepage and heat transfer experiments,coupled with multi-tracer techniques for field testing,aimed at optimizing fractured thermal reservoir models'computational efficiency under multi-well reinjection conditions.Additionally,it suggests integrat-ing deep learning methods into research endeavors.These initiatives are of significance in deepening the understanding of the evolution process of the temperature field in deep thermal reservoirs and enhancing the sustainability of deep geothermal resource development.展开更多
After cumulative discharge of gas discharge tube(GDT),it is easy to form a short circuit pathway between the two electrodes,which increases the failure risk and causes severe influences on the protected object.To redu...After cumulative discharge of gas discharge tube(GDT),it is easy to form a short circuit pathway between the two electrodes,which increases the failure risk and causes severe influences on the protected object.To reduce the failure risk of GDT and improve cumulative discharge times before failure,this work aims to suppress the formation of two short-circuit pathways by optimizing the tube wall structure,the electrode materials and the electrode structure.A total of five improved GDT samples are designed by focusing on the insulation resistance change that occurs after the improvement;then,by combining these designs with the microscopic morphology changes inside the cavity and the differences in deposition composition,the reasons for the differences in the GDT failure risk are also analyzed.The experimental results show that compared with GDT of traditional structure and material,the method of adding grooves at both ends of the tube wall can effectively block the deposition pathway of the tube wall,and the cumulative discharge time before device failure is increased by 149%.On this basis,when the iron-nickel electrode is replaced with a tungsten-copper electrode,the difference in the electrode’s surface splash characteristics further extends the discharge time before failure by 183%.In addition,when compared with the traditional electrode structure,the method of adding an annular structure at the electrode edge to block the splashing pathway for the particles on the electrode surface shows no positive effect,and the cumulative discharge time before the failure of the two structures is reduced by 22.8%and 49.7%,respectively.Among these improved structures,the samples with grooves at both ends of the tube wall and tungsten-copper as their electrode material have the lowest failure risk.展开更多
Despite the growing concern regarding post-mineralization thermo-tectonic processes in recent years,the relative roles in exhuming and preserving ore deposits remain highly controversial.This study presents new apatit...Despite the growing concern regarding post-mineralization thermo-tectonic processes in recent years,the relative roles in exhuming and preserving ore deposits remain highly controversial.This study presents new apatite fission track and(U-Th)/He data from the Xishimen iron skarn deposit in the Handan-Xingtai district,central North China Craton.Apatite fission track dating yielded central ages ranging from 88±18 Ma to 125±9 Ma,with mean confined track lengths varying between 11.9±0.4μm and 13.3±0.2μm.Integrated apatite(U-Th)/He dating provided ages of 42.5±0.8 Ma to 48.1±3.3 Ma.Our new data,combined with previous zircon U-Pb and potassium-bearing mineral^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar ages,revealed three cooling episodes:very rapid cooling(100–140℃/Ma)at ca.130–120 Ma,a protracted slow cooling period(0.2–0.4℃/Ma)at ca.120–50 Ma,and moderate cooling(0.8–1.0℃/Ma)since ca.50 Ma.The initial rapid cooling phase was primarily attributed to post-magmatic thermal equilibration following the shallow emplacement of the Xishimen deposit.The subsequent cooling phases were controlled by uplift and exhumation processes.Our thermal models indicate an estimated total unroofing thickness of<3 km,which is shallower than the emplacement depth of the ore deposit(3–5 km).This suggests significant potential for mineral exploration.Furthermore,a comprehensive review of preservation mechanisms for various ore deposits underscores the significant role of tectonics in both exhuming and preserving ore bodies.展开更多
Unraveling the structure-activity relationship and improving the catalytic performance is paramount in propane dehydro-aromatization reactions. Herein, a tandem catalyst with high propane dehydro-aromatization reactio...Unraveling the structure-activity relationship and improving the catalytic performance is paramount in propane dehydro-aromatization reactions. Herein, a tandem catalyst with high propane dehydro-aromatization reaction performance was prepared via coupling the PtFe@S-1 with Zn/ZSM-5 zeolites (PtFe@S-1&1.0Zn/ZSM-5), which exhibits high dehydrogenation activity, aromatics selectivity (~60% at ~78% propane conversion), and stability. The addition of zinc inhibits the cleavage of C_(6)^(=) intermediates on ZSM-5 and promotes the aromatization pathway by weakening zeolite acid strength, significantly improving the selectivity to aromatics. This understanding of the structure-activity relationship in propane dehydro-aromatization reaction helps develop future high-performance catalysts.展开更多
Bone defects are common clinical problems in the world,and there are many biomaterials used for treat-ing them.However,there is still a paucity of bioactive materials capable of modulating the immune mi-croenvironment...Bone defects are common clinical problems in the world,and there are many biomaterials used for treat-ing them.However,there is still a paucity of bioactive materials capable of modulating the immune mi-croenvironment.Therefore,it is necessary to identify new therapeutic strategies to regulate the immune microenvironment of the bone defect to further promote osteogenesis.Hydroxyapatite(HAP)is an impor-tant mineral for the framework of the human body.Recently,HAP has become a key research object for bone tissue engineering applications due to its unique tailored properties and similarity to bone tissue.Here,we prepared rod-shaped HAP(rHAP)with different concentrations(0,100,200,and 300μg/mL).The slowly released Ca^(2+)of 200μg/mL rHAP can induce macrophage phenotype 2(M2)polarization to decrease inflammatory cytokine secretion via the PI3K-Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.In addition,rHAP can induce osteogenesis through the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.In conclusion,the 200μg/mL rHAP shows the potential for osteoimmunomodulation in a bone defect in vitro and in vivo,which is beneficial to the treatment of bone defects.展开更多
The puncture of glass fibre reinforced polymer(GFRP)laminate is a primary damage pattern of wind turbine blades due to lightning strikes.A numerical simulation model of positive streamer propagation in a needle‐to‐p...The puncture of glass fibre reinforced polymer(GFRP)laminate is a primary damage pattern of wind turbine blades due to lightning strikes.A numerical simulation model of positive streamer propagation in a needle‐to‐plate air gap with a GFRP laminate is established to investigate the breakdown mechanism of GFRP laminate.The model not only considers the dynamics of charged particles in the air and the composite laminate,but also the current continuity at gas-solid interfaces.The simulated streamer discharge pattern and the surface streamer length are in good agreement with the observation results.The distributions and evolutions of the electron number density,electric field,and surface charge densities during streamer propagation are obtained.It is found that the enhancement of the electric field on the GFRP laminate is caused by the rapid deposition of positive and negative space charges on the GFRP laminate after a secondary streamer incepts on the lower surface of the GFRP laminate.The effects of the applied voltage,relative permittivity,and thickness of the GFRP laminate on the electric field on the GFRP laminate are investigated.The obtained results could assist in further under-standing of the mechanism of GFRP wind blade breakdown due to lightning strikes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under grant No.42272350the Foundation of Shanxi Key Laboratory for Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Resources under grant No.SX202202.
文摘Underground Thermal Energy Storage(UTES)store unstable and non-continuous energy underground,releasing stable heat energy on demand.This effectively improve energy utilization and optimize energy allocation.As UTES technology advances,accommodating greater depth,higher temperature and multi-energy complementarity,new research challenges emerge.This paper comprehensively provides a systematic summary of the current research status of UTES.It categorized different types of UTES systems,analyzes the applicability of key technologies of UTES,and evaluate their economic and environmental benefits.Moreover,this paper identifies existing issues with UTES,such as injection blockage,wellbore scaling and corrosion,seepage and heat transfer in cracks,etc.It suggests deepening the research on blockage formation mechanism and plugging prevention technology,improving the study of anticorrosive materials and water treatment technology,and enhancing the investigation of reservoir fracture network characterization technology and seepage heat transfer.These recommendations serve as valuable references for promoting the high-quality development of UTES.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.42272350)Scientific research project of Hunan Institute of Geology(No.HNGSTP202211)+2 种基金Hunan Province key research and development project(No.2022SK2070)Geological survey project of Department of Natural Resources of Shanxi Province(No.Jinfencai[2021-0009]G009-C05)the Foundation of Shanxi Key Laboratory for Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Resources(No.SX202202).
文摘This paper focuses on the study of the evolutionary mechanism governing the temperature field of geothermal reservoir under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions,which is crucial for the sustainable geothermal energy management.With advancing exploitation of geothermal resources deepens,precise understanding of this mechanism becomes paramount for devising effective reinjection strategies,optimizing reservoir utilization,and bolstering the economic viability of geothermal energy development.The article presents a comprehensive review of temperature field evolution across diverse heterogeneous thermal reservoirs under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions,and analyzes key factors influ-encing this evolution.It evaluates existing research methods,highlighting their strengths and limitations.The study identifies gaps in the application of rock seepage and heat transfer theories on a large scale,alongside the need for enhanced accuracy in field test results,particularly regarding computational effi-ciency of fractured thermal reservoir models under multi-well reinjection conditions.To address these shortcomings,the study proposes conducting large-scale rock seepage and heat transfer experiments,coupled with multi-tracer techniques for field testing,aimed at optimizing fractured thermal reservoir models'computational efficiency under multi-well reinjection conditions.Additionally,it suggests integrat-ing deep learning methods into research endeavors.These initiatives are of significance in deepening the understanding of the evolution process of the temperature field in deep thermal reservoirs and enhancing the sustainability of deep geothermal resource development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1834204)。
文摘After cumulative discharge of gas discharge tube(GDT),it is easy to form a short circuit pathway between the two electrodes,which increases the failure risk and causes severe influences on the protected object.To reduce the failure risk of GDT and improve cumulative discharge times before failure,this work aims to suppress the formation of two short-circuit pathways by optimizing the tube wall structure,the electrode materials and the electrode structure.A total of five improved GDT samples are designed by focusing on the insulation resistance change that occurs after the improvement;then,by combining these designs with the microscopic morphology changes inside the cavity and the differences in deposition composition,the reasons for the differences in the GDT failure risk are also analyzed.The experimental results show that compared with GDT of traditional structure and material,the method of adding grooves at both ends of the tube wall can effectively block the deposition pathway of the tube wall,and the cumulative discharge time before device failure is increased by 149%.On this basis,when the iron-nickel electrode is replaced with a tungsten-copper electrode,the difference in the electrode’s surface splash characteristics further extends the discharge time before failure by 183%.In addition,when compared with the traditional electrode structure,the method of adding an annular structure at the electrode edge to block the splashing pathway for the particles on the electrode surface shows no positive effect,and the cumulative discharge time before the failure of the two structures is reduced by 22.8%and 49.7%,respectively.Among these improved structures,the samples with grooves at both ends of the tube wall and tungsten-copper as their electrode material have the lowest failure risk.
基金supported by the Open Project Program of Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Strategic Critical Mineral Research,Hebei GEO University,China(No.HGUXT-2023-14)the China Geological Survey(DD20221646)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.D2020402013 and D2023402022)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42102091).
文摘Despite the growing concern regarding post-mineralization thermo-tectonic processes in recent years,the relative roles in exhuming and preserving ore deposits remain highly controversial.This study presents new apatite fission track and(U-Th)/He data from the Xishimen iron skarn deposit in the Handan-Xingtai district,central North China Craton.Apatite fission track dating yielded central ages ranging from 88±18 Ma to 125±9 Ma,with mean confined track lengths varying between 11.9±0.4μm and 13.3±0.2μm.Integrated apatite(U-Th)/He dating provided ages of 42.5±0.8 Ma to 48.1±3.3 Ma.Our new data,combined with previous zircon U-Pb and potassium-bearing mineral^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar ages,revealed three cooling episodes:very rapid cooling(100–140℃/Ma)at ca.130–120 Ma,a protracted slow cooling period(0.2–0.4℃/Ma)at ca.120–50 Ma,and moderate cooling(0.8–1.0℃/Ma)since ca.50 Ma.The initial rapid cooling phase was primarily attributed to post-magmatic thermal equilibration following the shallow emplacement of the Xishimen deposit.The subsequent cooling phases were controlled by uplift and exhumation processes.Our thermal models indicate an estimated total unroofing thickness of<3 km,which is shallower than the emplacement depth of the ore deposit(3–5 km).This suggests significant potential for mineral exploration.Furthermore,a comprehensive review of preservation mechanisms for various ore deposits underscores the significant role of tectonics in both exhuming and preserving ore bodies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21902019)the Liaoning Revitalization Talent Program(Grant No.XLYC2203126)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.DUT22LK24,DUT22LAB602,and DUT22QN207).
文摘Unraveling the structure-activity relationship and improving the catalytic performance is paramount in propane dehydro-aromatization reactions. Herein, a tandem catalyst with high propane dehydro-aromatization reaction performance was prepared via coupling the PtFe@S-1 with Zn/ZSM-5 zeolites (PtFe@S-1&1.0Zn/ZSM-5), which exhibits high dehydrogenation activity, aromatics selectivity (~60% at ~78% propane conversion), and stability. The addition of zinc inhibits the cleavage of C_(6)^(=) intermediates on ZSM-5 and promotes the aromatization pathway by weakening zeolite acid strength, significantly improving the selectivity to aromatics. This understanding of the structure-activity relationship in propane dehydro-aromatization reaction helps develop future high-performance catalysts.
基金This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2020YFC2009004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.52172282)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M690106)the New clinical practical technology in the Medical Affairs Department of the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Grant No.2019-08).We thank the Translational Medicine Core Facility of Shandong University for their consultation and instruments that supported this work.
文摘Bone defects are common clinical problems in the world,and there are many biomaterials used for treat-ing them.However,there is still a paucity of bioactive materials capable of modulating the immune mi-croenvironment.Therefore,it is necessary to identify new therapeutic strategies to regulate the immune microenvironment of the bone defect to further promote osteogenesis.Hydroxyapatite(HAP)is an impor-tant mineral for the framework of the human body.Recently,HAP has become a key research object for bone tissue engineering applications due to its unique tailored properties and similarity to bone tissue.Here,we prepared rod-shaped HAP(rHAP)with different concentrations(0,100,200,and 300μg/mL).The slowly released Ca^(2+)of 200μg/mL rHAP can induce macrophage phenotype 2(M2)polarization to decrease inflammatory cytokine secretion via the PI3K-Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.In addition,rHAP can induce osteogenesis through the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.In conclusion,the 200μg/mL rHAP shows the potential for osteoimmunomodulation in a bone defect in vitro and in vivo,which is beneficial to the treatment of bone defects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0902701).
文摘The puncture of glass fibre reinforced polymer(GFRP)laminate is a primary damage pattern of wind turbine blades due to lightning strikes.A numerical simulation model of positive streamer propagation in a needle‐to‐plate air gap with a GFRP laminate is established to investigate the breakdown mechanism of GFRP laminate.The model not only considers the dynamics of charged particles in the air and the composite laminate,but also the current continuity at gas-solid interfaces.The simulated streamer discharge pattern and the surface streamer length are in good agreement with the observation results.The distributions and evolutions of the electron number density,electric field,and surface charge densities during streamer propagation are obtained.It is found that the enhancement of the electric field on the GFRP laminate is caused by the rapid deposition of positive and negative space charges on the GFRP laminate after a secondary streamer incepts on the lower surface of the GFRP laminate.The effects of the applied voltage,relative permittivity,and thickness of the GFRP laminate on the electric field on the GFRP laminate are investigated.The obtained results could assist in further under-standing of the mechanism of GFRP wind blade breakdown due to lightning strikes.
