Through the overview of main problems existing in chives production, its current situation and history, the thesis puts forward countermeasures for developing chives industrialization in Xiaogang Town, Xiaogan City.
We present the first photometric and orbital period investigations for a neglected totally eclipsing contact binary IP Lyn.The photometric solutions derived from both ground-based and several surveys'observations ...We present the first photometric and orbital period investigations for a neglected totally eclipsing contact binary IP Lyn.The photometric solutions derived from both ground-based and several surveys'observations suggest that it is a shallow contact binary with an extremely low mass ratio of 0.055.The weak asymmetry observed in our multiple band light curves can be interpreted as a result of an active cool spot on the primary.The absolute physical parameters were determined with the Gaia-distance-based method and checked by an empirical relation.Combining the eclipse timings collected from the literature and those derived from our and variable surveys'observations,we find that IP Lyn has been undergoing a secular orbital period increase for the past two decades,implying a mass transfer from the less massive secondary to the primary.By comparing the current parameters with the critical instability ones,we infer that IP Lyn is currently stable in spite of its relatively low mass ratio and orbital angular momentum.Finally,from a catalog of 117 extremely low mass ratio contact binaries,we find that their orbital angular momenta are significantly lower than those of the contact binaries with a relatively high mass ratio,suggesting they should be at the late evolutionary stage of a contact binary.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular aortic repair(EVAR)for the treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)with a hostile neck anatomy(HNA).Methods From January 1,2015 t...Objective This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular aortic repair(EVAR)for the treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)with a hostile neck anatomy(HNA).Methods From January 1,2015 to December 31,2019,a total of 259 patients diagnosed with an AAA who underwent EVAR were recruited into this study.Based on the morphological characteristics of the proximal neck anatomy,the patients were divided into the HNA group and the friendly neck anatomy(FNA)group.The patients were followed up for up to 4 years.Results The average follow-up time was 1056.1±535.5 days.Type I endoleak occurred in 4 patients in the HNA group,and 2 patients in the FNA group.Neither death nor intraoperative switch to open repair occurred in either group.The time of the operation was significantly longer in the HNA group(FNA vs.HNA,99.2±51.1 min vs.117.5±63.8 min,P=0.011).There were no significant differences in short-term clinical success rate(P=0.228)or midterm clinical success rate(P=0.889)between the two groups.The overall mortality rate was 10.4%,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the two groups had similar cumulative survival rates at the end of the follow-up period(P=0.889).Conclusion EVAR was feasible and safe in patients with an AAA with a proximal HNA.The early and midterm results were promising;however,further studies are needed to verify the long-term effectiveness of EVAR.展开更多
Comprehending the mechanism of methane adsorption in shales is a crucial step towards optimizing the development of deep-buried shale gas. This is because the methane adsorbed in shale represents a significant proport...Comprehending the mechanism of methane adsorption in shales is a crucial step towards optimizing the development of deep-buried shale gas. This is because the methane adsorbed in shale represents a significant proportion of the subsurface shale gas resource. To properly characterize the methane adsorption on shale, which exhibits diverse mineral compositions and multi-scale pore sizes, it is crucial to capture the energy heterogeneity of the adsorption sites. In this paper, a dual-site Langmuir model is proposed, which accounts for the temperature and pressure dependence of the density of the adsorbed phase. The model is applied to the isothermals of methane adsorption on shale, at pressures of up to 30 MPa and temperatures ranging from 40 to 100 ℃. The results show that the proposed model can describe the adsorption behavior of methane on shale more accurately than conventional models, which assume a constant value for the density of adsorbed phase. Furthermore, the proposed model can be extrapolated to higher temperatures and pressures. Thermodynamic parameters were analyzed using correctly derived equations. The results indicate that the widely used, but incorrect, equation would underestimate the isosteric heat of adsorption. Neglecting the real gas behavior, volume of the adsorbed phase, and energy heterogeneity of the adsorption sites can lead to overestimation of the isosteric heat of adsorption. Furthermore, the isosteric heat evaluated from excess adsorption data can only be used to make a rough estimate of the real isosteric heat at very low pressure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glycation is an important step in aging and oxidative stress,which can lead to endothelial dysfunction and cause severe damage to the eyes or kidneys of diabetics.Inhibition of the formation of advanced gly...BACKGROUND Glycation is an important step in aging and oxidative stress,which can lead to endothelial dysfunction and cause severe damage to the eyes or kidneys of diabetics.Inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and their cell toxicity can be a useful therapeutic strategy in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Gardenia jasminoides Ellis(GJE)fruit is a selective inhibitor of AGEs.Genipin is an active compound of GJE fruit,which can be employed to treat diabetes.AIM To confirm the effect of genipin,a vital component of GJE fruit,in preventing human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(hRMECs)from AGEs damage in DR,to investigate the effect of genipin in the down-regulation of AGEs expression,and to explore the role of the CHGA/UCP2/glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)signal pathway in this process.METHODS In vitro,cell viability was tested to determine the effects of different doses of glucose and genipin in hRMECs.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation assay,flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,wound healing assay,transwell assay,and tube-forming assay were used to detect the effect of genipin on hRMECs cultured in high glucose conditions.In vivo,streptozotocin(STZ)induced mice were used,and genipin was administered by intraocular injection(IOI).To explore the effect and mechanism of genipin in diabetic-induced retinal dysfunction,reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose(2-NBDG)assays were performed to explore energy metabolism and oxidative stress damage in high glucose-induced hRMECs and STZ mouse retinas.Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of inflammatory cytokines[vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),SCG3,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,and nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich-containing family,pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)].The protein expression of the receptor of AGEs(RAGE)and the mitochondria-related signal molecules CHGA,GLUT1,and UCP2 in high glucose-induced hRMECs and STZ mouse retinas were measured and compared with the genipin-treated group.RESULTS The results of CCK-8 and colony formation assay showed that genipin promoted cell viability in high glucose(30 mmol/L D-Glucose)-induced hRMECs,especially at a 0.4μmol/L dose for 7 d.Flow cytometry results showed that high glucose can increase apoptosis rate by 30%,and genipin alleviated cell apoptosis in AGEs-induced hRMECs.A high glucose environment promoted ATP,ROS,MMP,and 2-NBDG levels,while genipin inhibited these phenotypic abnormalities in AGEs-induced hRMECs.Furthermore,genipin remarkably reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18,and NLRP3 and impeded the expression of VEGF and SCG3 in AGEs-damaged hRMECs.These results showed that genipin can reverse high glucose induced damage with regard to cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro,while reducing energy metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammatory injury caused by high glucose.In addition,ROS levels and glucose uptake levels were higher in the retina from the untreated eye than in the genipin-treated eye of STZ mice.The expression of inflammatory cytokines and pathway protein in the untreated eye compared with the genipin-treated eye was significantly increased,as measured by Western blot.These results showed that IOI of genipin reduced the expression of CHGA,UCP2,and GLUT1,maintained the retinal structure,and decreased ROS,glucose uptake,and inflammation levels in vivo.In addition,we found that SCG3 expression might have a higher sensitivity in DR than VEGF as a diagnostic marker at the protein level.CONCLUSION Our study suggested that genipin ameliorates AGEs-induced hRMECs proliferation,apoptosis,energy metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammatory injury,partially via the CHGA/UCP2/GLUT1 pathway.Control of advanced glycation by IOI of genipin may represent a strategy to prevent severe retinopathy and vision loss.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the safety,effectiveness,and predictability of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for the treatment of anisometropia,and to explore the personalized design scheme of SMILE in correcting adult my...AIM:To evaluate the safety,effectiveness,and predictability of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for the treatment of anisometropia,and to explore the personalized design scheme of SMILE in correcting adult myopia anisometropia based on the nomogram.METHODS:It’s a prospective cohort study.Patients with anisometropic myopia of refractive difference≥2.0 diopters(D)who underwent SMILE between September 2020 and March 2021 were enrolled.Clinical features and visual function were assessed preoperatively and at 1wk,1,3,and 6mo after the operation.The examination included tests for uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),refractive errors,effectiveness index(preoperative CDVA/postoperative UDVA),safety index(postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA),nomogram and stereoscopic function.Paired t-test,Wilcoxon signed-rank test and repeated-measures analyses of variance were used for continuous variables,and Pearson Chi-squared test was used for categorical variables.RESULTS:The study involved 45 consecutive patients(average age:25.0±6.9y;82 out of 90 eyes underwent SMILE,while 8 eyes were not operated).The average preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)was-4.74±0.22 D.Six months after surgery,the effectiveness index was 1.05±0.12,and the safety index was 1.09±0.11.Seventy eyes(85.4%)exhibited SE correction error within±0.5 D.The percentage of eyes with Titmus stereoscopic function equal to or less than 200”significantly increased from 55.6%preoperatively to 88.9%postoperatively(P<0.05).There was statistically significant difference between higher myopia eyes and contralateral eyes in average nomogram value/spherical refraction ratio.CONCLUSION:SMILE is safe,effective and predictable in correcting myopic anisometropia,and it improves stereoscopic visual function of anisometropia patients.The precise and individualized design of the nomogram is a vital element to ensure the balance of both eyes after SMILE.展开更多
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is a new and reliable machine used to evaluate retinal structure and macular perfusion in children.The use of OCTA under bad condition such as high altitude,low...BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is a new and reliable machine used to evaluate retinal structure and macular perfusion in children.The use of OCTA under bad condition such as high altitude,low atmospheric oxygen,and low humidity,in children is rarely.AIM To quantify the macular micro-vasculature in healthy children of various ages using OCTA in Qamdo.METHODS Design:Prospective cross-sectional,school-based study.Three hundred and fortyseven normal students from 9 schools in 4 different areas in Qamdo were included.OCTA was performed on a 3 mm×3 mm area centered on the macular region and macular cube 512×128 showed details in macular.Early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study Vessel Flow Density(VD)of the macular central vascular plexus density(CVD),inner vascular plexus density(IVD),full vascular plexus density(FVD),and the size of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were measured.All these results corrected by t/s=3.382×0.01306×(axial length-1.82).The differences were compared among various ages,sexes and living environments.RESULTS The mean FAZ area in all eyes was 0.27 mm^(2)±0.12 mm^(2).The mean foveal thickness(MFT)in the macular cube was 227.64μm±23.51μm.Compared with girls,boys had a lager FAZ(P=0.0029).Among the different age groups,MFT(P<0.001)and FVD(P<0.0001),IVD(P<0.0001),and CVD(P=0.0050)increased with age.FAZ areas were not correlated with age(P=0.8853)or others(MFT,area).CONCLUSION OCTA can use to evaluate macular perfusion in children.Our data bridge the gap between structural OCT and perfusion density in children in high altitude.Even though these were not a longitudinal study,it may provide us with hints about retina development during puberty and clinical implications of OCTA in children.展开更多
Severe haze pollution that occurred in January 2014 in Wuhan was investigated. The factors leading to Wuhan’s PM2.5 pollution and the characteristics and formation mechanism were found to be significantly different f...Severe haze pollution that occurred in January 2014 in Wuhan was investigated. The factors leading to Wuhan’s PM2.5 pollution and the characteristics and formation mechanism were found to be significantly different from other megacities, like Beijing. Both the growth rates and decline rates of PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan were lower than those in Beijing, but the monthly PM2.5 value was approximately twice that in Beijing. Furthermore, the sharp increases of PM2.5 concentrations were often accompanied by strong winds. A high-precision modeling system with an online source-tagged method was established to explore the formation mechanism of five haze episodes. The long-range transport of the polluted air masses from the North China Plain (NCP) was the main factor leading to the sharp increases of PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan, which contributed 53.4% of the monthly PM2.5 concentrations and 38.5% of polluted days. Furthermore, the change in meteorological conditions such as weakened winds and stable weather conditions led to the accumulation of air pollutants in Wuhan after the long-range transport. The contribution from Wuhan and surrounding cities to the PM2.5 concentrations was determined to be 67.4% during this period. Under the complex regional transport of pollutants from surrounding cities, the NCP, East China, and South China, the five episodes resulted in 30 haze days in Wuhan. The findings reveal important roles played by transregional and intercity transport in haze formation in Wuhan.展开更多
Objective:To explore the anti-tumor activity of tanshinone ⅡA in combined with cyclophosphamide against Lewis mice with lung cancer and the effect on cellular immune function.Methods:Lewis tumor cells were inoculated...Objective:To explore the anti-tumor activity of tanshinone ⅡA in combined with cyclophosphamide against Lewis mice with lung cancer and the effect on cellular immune function.Methods:Lewis tumor cells were inoculated suhcutaneously into the right armpit of mice in each group(n=20) to establish Lewis lung cancer mice model.After model establishment,mice in the model group were given normal saline by lavage,qd.Mice in treatment Ⅰ group were given intraperitoneal injection of TanIIA,15 mg/kg,qd.Mice in treatment Ⅱ group were given intraperitoneal injection of CTX,25 mg/kg,qd.Mice in treatment Ⅲ group were given intraperitoneal injections of TanIIA and CTX,in which the administration method of TanIIA was the same as in treatment Ⅰ group,continuously for 2 weeks,and the dosage of CTX was the same as in treatment Ⅱ group,24 h after model establishment,every other day.Mice were sacrificed 2 weeks after establishment.The tumor tissues were collected to calculate the anti-tumor rate.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,VEGF,Angiostatin,and Endostatin.FCM was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets in spleen and liver of mice.Results:The tumor weight in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ groups was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).The tumor weight in treatment Ⅲ group was significantly lower than that in treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups(P<0.05).The anti-tumor rate in treatment Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅰ group(P<0.05).Bcl-2 expression in the tumor tissues of treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲgroups was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05),while Bax expression was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).Bcl-2 expression in the tumor tissues of treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅲ group(P<0.05),while Bax expression was significantly lower than that in treatment Ⅲ group(P<0.05).CD4^+ and CD4^+/CD8^+ in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ groups were significantly higher than those in the model group(P<0.05).CD4^+ in treatment Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups(P<0.05),while CD4^+/CD8^+ was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅱ group(P<0.05).The comparison of CD8^+ among each group was not statistically significant(P>0.05).NK cell activity in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ groups was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).NK cell activity in treatment Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups(P<0.05).Conclusions:TannA in combined with CTX can down regulate Bcl-2 expression in lung cancer tissues,up regulate Bax expression,inhibit the neovascularization of tumor tissues,and enhance the immunological function,with a significant anti-tumor activity.展开更多
Gestational hypertension(GH)is a common complication during pregnancy.GH is regarded as a potential public health challenge for pregnant women and infants.Limited evidence has linked ambient air pollution to an increa...Gestational hypertension(GH)is a common complication during pregnancy.GH is regarded as a potential public health challenge for pregnant women and infants.Limited evidence has linked ambient air pollution to an increased GH risk.However,most of the studies were conducted in developed countries,with inconsistent results obtained.The present study was performed to explore whether exposure to particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5(PM2.5)and ozone(O3)was related to elevated odds of GH in a Chinese population.This population-based cohort study involved 38115 pregnant women in Wuhan,China.All information was collected from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System,using standardized quality control.The daily air pollutant data for PM2.5 and O3 were obtained from the 20 monitoring stations of the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center during 2014.The nearest monitor approach was applied to individual exposure assessment of PM2.5 and O3 for each participant.After adjusting for major confounders and other air pollutants,a 10μg/m^3 increase in PM25 and O3 concentrations was found to correlate to a 1.14-fold[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.09,1.20]and a 1.05-fold(95%CI:1.02,1.07)increase in GH risk,respectively.Additionally,stronger relationships between GH risk and PM25 and O3 exposure were observed in women who conceived in winter and summer,respectively.These findings suggest that air pollutants may contribute to the development of GH.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Gleason score 10 prostate cancer treated by external radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Methods From January 2003 to March 2014, 1832 pat...Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Gleason score 10 prostate cancer treated by external radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Methods From January 2003 to March 2014, 1832 patients with prostate cancer were treated, among which 9 patients(represented 0.49%) were identified as Gleason score 10 disease on prostate core biopsy without distant metastases when first diagnosed. All 9 patients were treated by whole pelvic external radiotherapy(The whole pelvic dose was 50.0 Gy and the boost dose ranged from 76.2 to 78.0 Gy) and long-term hormone therapy. We assessed the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and treatment toxicities. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The median follow-up was 4.8 years. Six patients' pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen(PSA) levels were lower than 20.0 μg/L and three patients' pre-treatment PSA levels were higher than 70.0 μg/L. The median percentage of positive biopsy cores was 91%. Three, four and two cases were classified as T2 c, T3 a and T3 b stage, respectively. Three cases were assessed as N1 stage. The 5-year biochemical failure-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, cancer specific survival and overall survival rates were 28.6%, 57.1%, 66.7% and 57.1%, respectively. Five patients experienced grade 1-2 acute gastrointestinal toxicities and six patients complained of grade 1-2 acute genitourinary toxicities. No bone fracture or cardiovascular disease was detected. Conclusions Gleason score 10 prostate cancer on core biopsy is usually combined with other high risk factors. The pre-treatment PSA levels lie in two extremes. Timely and active treatments are urgent needed because unfavourable oncological outcomes are often presented.展开更多
文摘Through the overview of main problems existing in chives production, its current situation and history, the thesis puts forward countermeasures for developing chives industrialization in Xiaogang Town, Xiaogan City.
基金supported by the Joint Research Funds in Astronomy under a cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.U1931115 and U2031114)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department grant No.22A0099+1 种基金the support of the staff of the Xinglong 85 cm telescopepartially supported by the Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘We present the first photometric and orbital period investigations for a neglected totally eclipsing contact binary IP Lyn.The photometric solutions derived from both ground-based and several surveys'observations suggest that it is a shallow contact binary with an extremely low mass ratio of 0.055.The weak asymmetry observed in our multiple band light curves can be interpreted as a result of an active cool spot on the primary.The absolute physical parameters were determined with the Gaia-distance-based method and checked by an empirical relation.Combining the eclipse timings collected from the literature and those derived from our and variable surveys'observations,we find that IP Lyn has been undergoing a secular orbital period increase for the past two decades,implying a mass transfer from the less massive secondary to the primary.By comparing the current parameters with the critical instability ones,we infer that IP Lyn is currently stable in spite of its relatively low mass ratio and orbital angular momentum.Finally,from a catalog of 117 extremely low mass ratio contact binaries,we find that their orbital angular momenta are significantly lower than those of the contact binaries with a relatively high mass ratio,suggesting they should be at the late evolutionary stage of a contact binary.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900432)the Science Foundation of Union Hospital(No.F016.02004.21003.124).
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular aortic repair(EVAR)for the treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)with a hostile neck anatomy(HNA).Methods From January 1,2015 to December 31,2019,a total of 259 patients diagnosed with an AAA who underwent EVAR were recruited into this study.Based on the morphological characteristics of the proximal neck anatomy,the patients were divided into the HNA group and the friendly neck anatomy(FNA)group.The patients were followed up for up to 4 years.Results The average follow-up time was 1056.1±535.5 days.Type I endoleak occurred in 4 patients in the HNA group,and 2 patients in the FNA group.Neither death nor intraoperative switch to open repair occurred in either group.The time of the operation was significantly longer in the HNA group(FNA vs.HNA,99.2±51.1 min vs.117.5±63.8 min,P=0.011).There were no significant differences in short-term clinical success rate(P=0.228)or midterm clinical success rate(P=0.889)between the two groups.The overall mortality rate was 10.4%,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the two groups had similar cumulative survival rates at the end of the follow-up period(P=0.889).Conclusion EVAR was feasible and safe in patients with an AAA with a proximal HNA.The early and midterm results were promising;however,further studies are needed to verify the long-term effectiveness of EVAR.
基金The first author thanks Dr.Nicholas P.Stadie at the Montana State University,USA,for helpful discussions.Dr.Qian Zhang would like to thank Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(2021TQ0003)for supporting his research.
文摘Comprehending the mechanism of methane adsorption in shales is a crucial step towards optimizing the development of deep-buried shale gas. This is because the methane adsorbed in shale represents a significant proportion of the subsurface shale gas resource. To properly characterize the methane adsorption on shale, which exhibits diverse mineral compositions and multi-scale pore sizes, it is crucial to capture the energy heterogeneity of the adsorption sites. In this paper, a dual-site Langmuir model is proposed, which accounts for the temperature and pressure dependence of the density of the adsorbed phase. The model is applied to the isothermals of methane adsorption on shale, at pressures of up to 30 MPa and temperatures ranging from 40 to 100 ℃. The results show that the proposed model can describe the adsorption behavior of methane on shale more accurately than conventional models, which assume a constant value for the density of adsorbed phase. Furthermore, the proposed model can be extrapolated to higher temperatures and pressures. Thermodynamic parameters were analyzed using correctly derived equations. The results indicate that the widely used, but incorrect, equation would underestimate the isosteric heat of adsorption. Neglecting the real gas behavior, volume of the adsorbed phase, and energy heterogeneity of the adsorption sites can lead to overestimation of the isosteric heat of adsorption. Furthermore, the isosteric heat evaluated from excess adsorption data can only be used to make a rough estimate of the real isosteric heat at very low pressure.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870650,No.81570832,and No.81900885Science and Technology Program Chongqing,No.2018GDRC008 and No.XKTS049。
文摘BACKGROUND Glycation is an important step in aging and oxidative stress,which can lead to endothelial dysfunction and cause severe damage to the eyes or kidneys of diabetics.Inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and their cell toxicity can be a useful therapeutic strategy in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Gardenia jasminoides Ellis(GJE)fruit is a selective inhibitor of AGEs.Genipin is an active compound of GJE fruit,which can be employed to treat diabetes.AIM To confirm the effect of genipin,a vital component of GJE fruit,in preventing human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(hRMECs)from AGEs damage in DR,to investigate the effect of genipin in the down-regulation of AGEs expression,and to explore the role of the CHGA/UCP2/glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)signal pathway in this process.METHODS In vitro,cell viability was tested to determine the effects of different doses of glucose and genipin in hRMECs.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation assay,flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,wound healing assay,transwell assay,and tube-forming assay were used to detect the effect of genipin on hRMECs cultured in high glucose conditions.In vivo,streptozotocin(STZ)induced mice were used,and genipin was administered by intraocular injection(IOI).To explore the effect and mechanism of genipin in diabetic-induced retinal dysfunction,reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose(2-NBDG)assays were performed to explore energy metabolism and oxidative stress damage in high glucose-induced hRMECs and STZ mouse retinas.Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of inflammatory cytokines[vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),SCG3,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,and nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich-containing family,pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)].The protein expression of the receptor of AGEs(RAGE)and the mitochondria-related signal molecules CHGA,GLUT1,and UCP2 in high glucose-induced hRMECs and STZ mouse retinas were measured and compared with the genipin-treated group.RESULTS The results of CCK-8 and colony formation assay showed that genipin promoted cell viability in high glucose(30 mmol/L D-Glucose)-induced hRMECs,especially at a 0.4μmol/L dose for 7 d.Flow cytometry results showed that high glucose can increase apoptosis rate by 30%,and genipin alleviated cell apoptosis in AGEs-induced hRMECs.A high glucose environment promoted ATP,ROS,MMP,and 2-NBDG levels,while genipin inhibited these phenotypic abnormalities in AGEs-induced hRMECs.Furthermore,genipin remarkably reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18,and NLRP3 and impeded the expression of VEGF and SCG3 in AGEs-damaged hRMECs.These results showed that genipin can reverse high glucose induced damage with regard to cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro,while reducing energy metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammatory injury caused by high glucose.In addition,ROS levels and glucose uptake levels were higher in the retina from the untreated eye than in the genipin-treated eye of STZ mice.The expression of inflammatory cytokines and pathway protein in the untreated eye compared with the genipin-treated eye was significantly increased,as measured by Western blot.These results showed that IOI of genipin reduced the expression of CHGA,UCP2,and GLUT1,maintained the retinal structure,and decreased ROS,glucose uptake,and inflammation levels in vivo.In addition,we found that SCG3 expression might have a higher sensitivity in DR than VEGF as a diagnostic marker at the protein level.CONCLUSION Our study suggested that genipin ameliorates AGEs-induced hRMECs proliferation,apoptosis,energy metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammatory injury,partially via the CHGA/UCP2/GLUT1 pathway.Control of advanced glycation by IOI of genipin may represent a strategy to prevent severe retinopathy and vision loss.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970832No.81870650)+2 种基金the Key Project of the Chongqing Health Commission(No.2018MSXM003No.2018GDRC008)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau(No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0967).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety,effectiveness,and predictability of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for the treatment of anisometropia,and to explore the personalized design scheme of SMILE in correcting adult myopia anisometropia based on the nomogram.METHODS:It’s a prospective cohort study.Patients with anisometropic myopia of refractive difference≥2.0 diopters(D)who underwent SMILE between September 2020 and March 2021 were enrolled.Clinical features and visual function were assessed preoperatively and at 1wk,1,3,and 6mo after the operation.The examination included tests for uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),refractive errors,effectiveness index(preoperative CDVA/postoperative UDVA),safety index(postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA),nomogram and stereoscopic function.Paired t-test,Wilcoxon signed-rank test and repeated-measures analyses of variance were used for continuous variables,and Pearson Chi-squared test was used for categorical variables.RESULTS:The study involved 45 consecutive patients(average age:25.0±6.9y;82 out of 90 eyes underwent SMILE,while 8 eyes were not operated).The average preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)was-4.74±0.22 D.Six months after surgery,the effectiveness index was 1.05±0.12,and the safety index was 1.09±0.11.Seventy eyes(85.4%)exhibited SE correction error within±0.5 D.The percentage of eyes with Titmus stereoscopic function equal to or less than 200”significantly increased from 55.6%preoperatively to 88.9%postoperatively(P<0.05).There was statistically significant difference between higher myopia eyes and contralateral eyes in average nomogram value/spherical refraction ratio.CONCLUSION:SMILE is safe,effective and predictable in correcting myopic anisometropia,and it improves stereoscopic visual function of anisometropia patients.The precise and individualized design of the nomogram is a vital element to ensure the balance of both eyes after SMILE.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870650,No.81570832,and No.81300794Science and Technology Program Chongqing,China,No.2018GDRC008.
文摘BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is a new and reliable machine used to evaluate retinal structure and macular perfusion in children.The use of OCTA under bad condition such as high altitude,low atmospheric oxygen,and low humidity,in children is rarely.AIM To quantify the macular micro-vasculature in healthy children of various ages using OCTA in Qamdo.METHODS Design:Prospective cross-sectional,school-based study.Three hundred and fortyseven normal students from 9 schools in 4 different areas in Qamdo were included.OCTA was performed on a 3 mm×3 mm area centered on the macular region and macular cube 512×128 showed details in macular.Early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study Vessel Flow Density(VD)of the macular central vascular plexus density(CVD),inner vascular plexus density(IVD),full vascular plexus density(FVD),and the size of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were measured.All these results corrected by t/s=3.382×0.01306×(axial length-1.82).The differences were compared among various ages,sexes and living environments.RESULTS The mean FAZ area in all eyes was 0.27 mm^(2)±0.12 mm^(2).The mean foveal thickness(MFT)in the macular cube was 227.64μm±23.51μm.Compared with girls,boys had a lager FAZ(P=0.0029).Among the different age groups,MFT(P<0.001)and FVD(P<0.0001),IVD(P<0.0001),and CVD(P=0.0050)increased with age.FAZ areas were not correlated with age(P=0.8853)or others(MFT,area).CONCLUSION OCTA can use to evaluate macular perfusion in children.Our data bridge the gap between structural OCT and perfusion density in children in high altitude.Even though these were not a longitudinal study,it may provide us with hints about retina development during puberty and clinical implications of OCTA in children.
基金Project(9140A18070114JW16001)supported by the Advanced Research Fund of Department of Defense,ChinaProject(2014M562171)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
基金Foundation item:Project(51865012)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016005)supported by the Open Foundation of National Engineering Research Center of Near-net-shape Forming for Metallic Materials,China+2 种基金Project(GJJ170372)supported by the Science Foundation of Educational Department of Jiangxi Province,ChinaProject(JCKY2016603C003)supported by the GF Basic Research Project,ChinaProject(JPPT125GH038)supported by the Research Project of Special Furnishment and Part,China
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program (Grant Nos. 2017YFC0212603 and 2017YFC0212604)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDA19040201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41575128 and 41620104008)
文摘Severe haze pollution that occurred in January 2014 in Wuhan was investigated. The factors leading to Wuhan’s PM2.5 pollution and the characteristics and formation mechanism were found to be significantly different from other megacities, like Beijing. Both the growth rates and decline rates of PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan were lower than those in Beijing, but the monthly PM2.5 value was approximately twice that in Beijing. Furthermore, the sharp increases of PM2.5 concentrations were often accompanied by strong winds. A high-precision modeling system with an online source-tagged method was established to explore the formation mechanism of five haze episodes. The long-range transport of the polluted air masses from the North China Plain (NCP) was the main factor leading to the sharp increases of PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan, which contributed 53.4% of the monthly PM2.5 concentrations and 38.5% of polluted days. Furthermore, the change in meteorological conditions such as weakened winds and stable weather conditions led to the accumulation of air pollutants in Wuhan after the long-range transport. The contribution from Wuhan and surrounding cities to the PM2.5 concentrations was determined to be 67.4% during this period. Under the complex regional transport of pollutants from surrounding cities, the NCP, East China, and South China, the five episodes resulted in 30 haze days in Wuhan. The findings reveal important roles played by transregional and intercity transport in haze formation in Wuhan.
基金supported by the Scientific and Research Planning Project of Education Department in Hubei Province with the grant number of Q20131106
文摘Objective:To explore the anti-tumor activity of tanshinone ⅡA in combined with cyclophosphamide against Lewis mice with lung cancer and the effect on cellular immune function.Methods:Lewis tumor cells were inoculated suhcutaneously into the right armpit of mice in each group(n=20) to establish Lewis lung cancer mice model.After model establishment,mice in the model group were given normal saline by lavage,qd.Mice in treatment Ⅰ group were given intraperitoneal injection of TanIIA,15 mg/kg,qd.Mice in treatment Ⅱ group were given intraperitoneal injection of CTX,25 mg/kg,qd.Mice in treatment Ⅲ group were given intraperitoneal injections of TanIIA and CTX,in which the administration method of TanIIA was the same as in treatment Ⅰ group,continuously for 2 weeks,and the dosage of CTX was the same as in treatment Ⅱ group,24 h after model establishment,every other day.Mice were sacrificed 2 weeks after establishment.The tumor tissues were collected to calculate the anti-tumor rate.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,VEGF,Angiostatin,and Endostatin.FCM was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets in spleen and liver of mice.Results:The tumor weight in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ groups was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).The tumor weight in treatment Ⅲ group was significantly lower than that in treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups(P<0.05).The anti-tumor rate in treatment Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅰ group(P<0.05).Bcl-2 expression in the tumor tissues of treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲgroups was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05),while Bax expression was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).Bcl-2 expression in the tumor tissues of treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅲ group(P<0.05),while Bax expression was significantly lower than that in treatment Ⅲ group(P<0.05).CD4^+ and CD4^+/CD8^+ in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ groups were significantly higher than those in the model group(P<0.05).CD4^+ in treatment Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups(P<0.05),while CD4^+/CD8^+ was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅱ group(P<0.05).The comparison of CD8^+ among each group was not statistically significant(P>0.05).NK cell activity in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ groups was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).NK cell activity in treatment Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups(P<0.05).Conclusions:TannA in combined with CTX can down regulate Bcl-2 expression in lung cancer tissues,up regulate Bax expression,inhibit the neovascularization of tumor tissues,and enhance the immunological function,with a significant anti-tumor activity.
基金the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0212003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21577043)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2010CDB08803).
文摘Gestational hypertension(GH)is a common complication during pregnancy.GH is regarded as a potential public health challenge for pregnant women and infants.Limited evidence has linked ambient air pollution to an increased GH risk.However,most of the studies were conducted in developed countries,with inconsistent results obtained.The present study was performed to explore whether exposure to particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5(PM2.5)and ozone(O3)was related to elevated odds of GH in a Chinese population.This population-based cohort study involved 38115 pregnant women in Wuhan,China.All information was collected from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System,using standardized quality control.The daily air pollutant data for PM2.5 and O3 were obtained from the 20 monitoring stations of the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center during 2014.The nearest monitor approach was applied to individual exposure assessment of PM2.5 and O3 for each participant.After adjusting for major confounders and other air pollutants,a 10μg/m^3 increase in PM25 and O3 concentrations was found to correlate to a 1.14-fold[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.09,1.20]and a 1.05-fold(95%CI:1.02,1.07)increase in GH risk,respectively.Additionally,stronger relationships between GH risk and PM25 and O3 exposure were observed in women who conceived in winter and summer,respectively.These findings suggest that air pollutants may contribute to the development of GH.
文摘Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Gleason score 10 prostate cancer treated by external radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Methods From January 2003 to March 2014, 1832 patients with prostate cancer were treated, among which 9 patients(represented 0.49%) were identified as Gleason score 10 disease on prostate core biopsy without distant metastases when first diagnosed. All 9 patients were treated by whole pelvic external radiotherapy(The whole pelvic dose was 50.0 Gy and the boost dose ranged from 76.2 to 78.0 Gy) and long-term hormone therapy. We assessed the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and treatment toxicities. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The median follow-up was 4.8 years. Six patients' pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen(PSA) levels were lower than 20.0 μg/L and three patients' pre-treatment PSA levels were higher than 70.0 μg/L. The median percentage of positive biopsy cores was 91%. Three, four and two cases were classified as T2 c, T3 a and T3 b stage, respectively. Three cases were assessed as N1 stage. The 5-year biochemical failure-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, cancer specific survival and overall survival rates were 28.6%, 57.1%, 66.7% and 57.1%, respectively. Five patients experienced grade 1-2 acute gastrointestinal toxicities and six patients complained of grade 1-2 acute genitourinary toxicities. No bone fracture or cardiovascular disease was detected. Conclusions Gleason score 10 prostate cancer on core biopsy is usually combined with other high risk factors. The pre-treatment PSA levels lie in two extremes. Timely and active treatments are urgent needed because unfavourable oncological outcomes are often presented.
