Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevent...Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.展开更多
Background: Prevention is one of the safe schemes against the high prevalence of viral Hepatitis. Negative perceptions or perceptions about the risks of hepatitis B among medical students and health care workers may i...Background: Prevention is one of the safe schemes against the high prevalence of viral Hepatitis. Negative perceptions or perceptions about the risks of hepatitis B among medical students and health care workers may influence the behavioral pattern and adoption of preventive measures against the virus and can affect the uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine. This study assesses the perception of medical students towards Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in August 2021 among 236 clinical medical students using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analysed using the IBM SPSS 28 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: Two-thirds of respondents were of the opinion that they are at risk of contracting HBV. Half were of the opinion that the risk is very much while a third believed the risk is moderate. Among those who think they are not at risk of contracting HBV, the majority felt so because they are vaccinated while 10.3% believe that they are safe. 43.2% of respondents think that HBV Vaccine is very effective in preventing HBV infection while 39.8% think it is slightly effective, and 7.6% think it is not effective. Almost all respondents, 99.2% are of the opinion that HBV Vaccination is important for students while 0.8% think it is not important. The majority of the respondents at 95.8% were willing to be screened for HBV. The majority (85.6%) of respondents are willing to pay for HBV Vaccine as against 14.4% of respondents who are not willing to pay. Conclusion: Summarily, 21 (8.9%) of the students had a negative perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination, and 215 (91.1%) had a positive perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination. Perception-sustaining events like seminars, workshops, road shows, and campaigns should be organized among students and health workers.展开更多
Introduction: Alcohol abuse is a recognized phenomenon among university students in Nigeria and harms the education and performance of students. This may include disruption of interpersonal relationships, especially w...Introduction: Alcohol abuse is a recognized phenomenon among university students in Nigeria and harms the education and performance of students. This may include disruption of interpersonal relationships, especially within the family, criminal behaviour, academic failure, vocational failure, and a lack of commensurate achievement. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at assessing the Prevalence and Pattern of Use of Alcohol Among Undergraduate Students In Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. It involved 290 Undergraduates selected using the Multistage sampling method. Results: The prevalence of current use of alcohol was 33.7% while two-thirds were not taking alcohol. There was a statistically significant association between current use of alcohol and sex (χ<sup>2</sup> = 12.168, p ≤ 0.001), where more males than females use alcohol. Most (44.4%) undergraduates use alcohol weekly, 11.1% use it daily, and 14.3% Two times weekly. A majority (52.4%) take it after lectures and 27.0% take whenever they like. There was a statistically significant association between alcohol use and the level/year of study (χ<sup>2</sup> = 27.258, p ≤ 0.001). More students in higher classes (5th year and 4th year) are taking alcohol when compared with new students and lower classes (1st year and 2nd year). A significant association was also found between alcohol use and respondent's Cumulative Grade Point Average-CGPA (χ<sup>2</sup> = 22.809, p ≤ 0.001), as the majority of students using alcohol had a low CGPA (1.1 to 2.0) when compared to those with higher. Conclusion: The University and government should collaborate with students to establish peer support groups and programs that discourage the use of alcohol during school hours and while studying.展开更多
Background: Contraceptive acceptance and utilization in society has been a huge challenge for communities in developing countries. There is a need to support the increase in the utilization of contraception and family...Background: Contraceptive acceptance and utilization in society has been a huge challenge for communities in developing countries. There is a need to support the increase in the utilization of contraception and family planning services. In all this, good knowledge and practice of contraception services will enable women to select the best methods. The study seeks to qualitatively assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraceptive use among women attending postnatal care in a health facility in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State in September 2019. This study utilized Focus Group Discussions among 36 women recruited using the purposive sampling technique. There were four (4) sessions involving nine (9) women per session. Findings: Of the 36 women, a majority (88.9%) had positive perception regarding contraception, all agreed that contraception and family planning is beneficial to families and communities. A majority felt that communities are yet to accept contraception. Most (83.3%) of the women had good knowledge of contraception. Three-quarters (77.8%) of the women have used contraception in the past, and about half (41.7%) are using it currently. Attitude towards adoption of contraceptives after current pregnancy was generally good. About half (52.7%) of the participants stated they required spousal approval before they adopt a method of contraception. Conclusion: There is a need for health agencies, development partners, and government to continue the health education, community sensitization, and support towards making contraception and family planning commodities available and accessible.展开更多
The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased life expectancy. Modern contraception is an important factor in controlling fertility throug...The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased life expectancy. Modern contraception is an important factor in controlling fertility through prevention of unintended and unwanted pregnancies. Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. Contraceptive use is still very low in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the levels of fertility and unmet need for family planning are high. The attitude of women toward contraception will usually affect the practice and utilization of contraceptives. The objective of this study is to assess the attitude, prevalence, and factors affecting contraceptive use among women attending Postnatal care in a tertiary health facility in Jos North L. G. A Plateau State, Nigeria. There was a descriptive cross-sectional study done between September to October 2019, with a sample size of 250 women. Respondents were determined using a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection was done using an interviewer-administered, pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The data was collected, entered, and analyzed using IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Most women have a positive attitude 162 (64.8%) toward contraception while 88 (35.2%) had negative attitude toward contraception. Three quarters (75.2%) of women are willing to use contraception. The prevalence of contraceptive use among respondents was 35.6% while the prevalence of previous use of contraceptives among the respondents was 71.2%. Fifty (27.9%) used condom (barrier method), 40 (22.9%) used withdrawal method. Majority of the other respondents were spread across OCPs, injectables and implants. Major factors affecting the use of contraceptives were majorly attributed to informed choice with 60.1%, Partner’s decision (44.1%) and mild or no adverse reaction (12.8%). While major factors preventing use were lack of interest in 69.4%, partners’ decision in 14.9% and fear of side effects 12.5% of respondents. Respondents showed a wide acceptance of family planning services as majority of them see it as beneficial and are willing to go for another method after current pregnancy.展开更多
文摘Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.
文摘Background: Prevention is one of the safe schemes against the high prevalence of viral Hepatitis. Negative perceptions or perceptions about the risks of hepatitis B among medical students and health care workers may influence the behavioral pattern and adoption of preventive measures against the virus and can affect the uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine. This study assesses the perception of medical students towards Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in August 2021 among 236 clinical medical students using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analysed using the IBM SPSS 28 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: Two-thirds of respondents were of the opinion that they are at risk of contracting HBV. Half were of the opinion that the risk is very much while a third believed the risk is moderate. Among those who think they are not at risk of contracting HBV, the majority felt so because they are vaccinated while 10.3% believe that they are safe. 43.2% of respondents think that HBV Vaccine is very effective in preventing HBV infection while 39.8% think it is slightly effective, and 7.6% think it is not effective. Almost all respondents, 99.2% are of the opinion that HBV Vaccination is important for students while 0.8% think it is not important. The majority of the respondents at 95.8% were willing to be screened for HBV. The majority (85.6%) of respondents are willing to pay for HBV Vaccine as against 14.4% of respondents who are not willing to pay. Conclusion: Summarily, 21 (8.9%) of the students had a negative perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination, and 215 (91.1%) had a positive perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination. Perception-sustaining events like seminars, workshops, road shows, and campaigns should be organized among students and health workers.
文摘Introduction: Alcohol abuse is a recognized phenomenon among university students in Nigeria and harms the education and performance of students. This may include disruption of interpersonal relationships, especially within the family, criminal behaviour, academic failure, vocational failure, and a lack of commensurate achievement. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at assessing the Prevalence and Pattern of Use of Alcohol Among Undergraduate Students In Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. It involved 290 Undergraduates selected using the Multistage sampling method. Results: The prevalence of current use of alcohol was 33.7% while two-thirds were not taking alcohol. There was a statistically significant association between current use of alcohol and sex (χ<sup>2</sup> = 12.168, p ≤ 0.001), where more males than females use alcohol. Most (44.4%) undergraduates use alcohol weekly, 11.1% use it daily, and 14.3% Two times weekly. A majority (52.4%) take it after lectures and 27.0% take whenever they like. There was a statistically significant association between alcohol use and the level/year of study (χ<sup>2</sup> = 27.258, p ≤ 0.001). More students in higher classes (5th year and 4th year) are taking alcohol when compared with new students and lower classes (1st year and 2nd year). A significant association was also found between alcohol use and respondent's Cumulative Grade Point Average-CGPA (χ<sup>2</sup> = 22.809, p ≤ 0.001), as the majority of students using alcohol had a low CGPA (1.1 to 2.0) when compared to those with higher. Conclusion: The University and government should collaborate with students to establish peer support groups and programs that discourage the use of alcohol during school hours and while studying.
文摘Background: Contraceptive acceptance and utilization in society has been a huge challenge for communities in developing countries. There is a need to support the increase in the utilization of contraception and family planning services. In all this, good knowledge and practice of contraception services will enable women to select the best methods. The study seeks to qualitatively assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraceptive use among women attending postnatal care in a health facility in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State in September 2019. This study utilized Focus Group Discussions among 36 women recruited using the purposive sampling technique. There were four (4) sessions involving nine (9) women per session. Findings: Of the 36 women, a majority (88.9%) had positive perception regarding contraception, all agreed that contraception and family planning is beneficial to families and communities. A majority felt that communities are yet to accept contraception. Most (83.3%) of the women had good knowledge of contraception. Three-quarters (77.8%) of the women have used contraception in the past, and about half (41.7%) are using it currently. Attitude towards adoption of contraceptives after current pregnancy was generally good. About half (52.7%) of the participants stated they required spousal approval before they adopt a method of contraception. Conclusion: There is a need for health agencies, development partners, and government to continue the health education, community sensitization, and support towards making contraception and family planning commodities available and accessible.
文摘The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased life expectancy. Modern contraception is an important factor in controlling fertility through prevention of unintended and unwanted pregnancies. Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. Contraceptive use is still very low in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the levels of fertility and unmet need for family planning are high. The attitude of women toward contraception will usually affect the practice and utilization of contraceptives. The objective of this study is to assess the attitude, prevalence, and factors affecting contraceptive use among women attending Postnatal care in a tertiary health facility in Jos North L. G. A Plateau State, Nigeria. There was a descriptive cross-sectional study done between September to October 2019, with a sample size of 250 women. Respondents were determined using a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection was done using an interviewer-administered, pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The data was collected, entered, and analyzed using IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Most women have a positive attitude 162 (64.8%) toward contraception while 88 (35.2%) had negative attitude toward contraception. Three quarters (75.2%) of women are willing to use contraception. The prevalence of contraceptive use among respondents was 35.6% while the prevalence of previous use of contraceptives among the respondents was 71.2%. Fifty (27.9%) used condom (barrier method), 40 (22.9%) used withdrawal method. Majority of the other respondents were spread across OCPs, injectables and implants. Major factors affecting the use of contraceptives were majorly attributed to informed choice with 60.1%, Partner’s decision (44.1%) and mild or no adverse reaction (12.8%). While major factors preventing use were lack of interest in 69.4%, partners’ decision in 14.9% and fear of side effects 12.5% of respondents. Respondents showed a wide acceptance of family planning services as majority of them see it as beneficial and are willing to go for another method after current pregnancy.
