The reverse cholesterol transport mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important mechanism for maintaining body cholesterol, and hence, the crucial anti-atherogenic action of the lipoprotein. Recent studie...The reverse cholesterol transport mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important mechanism for maintaining body cholesterol, and hence, the crucial anti-atherogenic action of the lipoprotein. Recent studies, however, have shown that HDL exerts a variety of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions independently of cholesterol metabolism. The present review provides an overview of the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor and apolipoprotein A-I/scavenger receptor class B type I systems in the anti-atherogenic HDL actions. In addition, the physiological significance of the existence of S1P in the HDL particles is discussed.展开更多
Perpose: In order to establish the pathophysiological features and strategy for stercoral perforation of the colon, we herein analyze a series of stercoral perforation of the colon. Method: Ten patients were diagnosed...Perpose: In order to establish the pathophysiological features and strategy for stercoral perforation of the colon, we herein analyze a series of stercoral perforation of the colon. Method: Ten patients were diagnosed with stercoral perforation. Clinical features, primary diseases, triggers, causative bacteria in ascites, postoperative complications, pathological features, severity of the disease, and effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized fiber (PMX-DHP) were investigated. Results: Nine patients had a long history of serious and chronic constipation and 7 patients had hypertension. Causative bacteria in ascites during the operation were most commonly Escherichia coli. There were a lot of severe postoperative complications such as sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute lung injury. With regard to the microscopic findings of the perforation site, the intestinal wall showed severe nonspecific inflammatory changes, including an increase of mono-nuclear cells in the lamina propria. There were 4 hospital deaths, so the mortality rate was 40%. APACHE- II and SOFA score were high postoperation and 24 hours after the operation. PMX-DHP was performed in 8 cases of severe conditions of stercoral perforation of the colon. Because the catecholamine index improved within 24 hours, four of 8 cases were rescued. Conclusion: Most of the patients with stercoral perforation of the colon had severe postoperative complications. The severity of the disease was extremely high, therefore, early diagnosis based on pathophy-siological features and comprehensive therapies including PMX-DHP were necessary for strategy of treating stercoral perforation of the colon.展开更多
AIM:To establish novel intestinal myofibroblast (IMF) cell lines from mouse colonic mucosa and investigate their biological characters. METHODS:Primary IMFs were isolated from mucosal tissues of mouse colon that was d...AIM:To establish novel intestinal myofibroblast (IMF) cell lines from mouse colonic mucosa and investigate their biological characters. METHODS:Primary IMFs were isolated from mucosal tissues of mouse colon that was denuded of epithelial cells and smooth muscle layer. For immortalization, primary IMFs were transfected with simian virus 40 large T antigen (designated as LmcMF). We also isolated some primary IMFs that spontaneously became immortalized without transfection (designated as SmcMF). To check immortality and normality of these cells, we examined their proliferative ability and contact inhibition. Moreover, the expression levels of proteins characterizing IMFs [including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, desmin, and type Ⅰ collagen] and proteins associated with the immune response [such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), CD14, MD2, IκBα, and p-p38] were determined by Western blotting. The localization of several myofibroblast protein markers was also detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS:The cell growth assay results show that both LmcMF and SmcMF cells proliferated logarithmically at least up to passage 20. In addition, the contact inhibition assays show that LmcMF and SmcMF stopped growing after the cells reached confluence. These data suggest that these 2 types of cells were immortalized without losing contact inhibition of growth. Moreover, both LmcMF and SmcMF, like primary IMFs, showed spindle-shaped appearance. The expression levels of key myofibroblast protein markers, including α-SMA, vimentin, and desmin, were also examined by the Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Our results show that these cells were positive for α-SMA and vimentin, but not desmin, as well as that both LmcMF and SmcMF expressed type Ⅰ collagen at a lower level than primary IMFs. Finally, we investigated the expression level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor-related proteins, as well as the response of the cells to LPS treatment. We found that the TLR4, CD14, and MD-2 proteins were present in LmcMF and SmcMF, as well as in primary IMFs, and that all these cells responded to LPS. CONCLUSION:We established 2 novel IMF cell lines from mouse colonic mucosa, namely, LmcMF and SmcMF, both of which were able to respond to LPS.展开更多
Purpose: Submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma (SICC) exhibits lymph node metastasis in about 10% of patients. Therefore, endoscopic resection is insufficient for cases of SICC at risk of lymph node metastasis, and...Purpose: Submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma (SICC) exhibits lymph node metastasis in about 10% of patients. Therefore, endoscopic resection is insufficient for cases of SICC at risk of lymph node metastasis, and surgical resection accompanied with lymph node dissection is necessary. However, because additional intestinal resection is unnecessary for cases without lymph node metastasis, more rigid criteria are required in order to decrease the incidence of unnecessary further intestinal resection. We retrospectively identified predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. Methods: One hundred and two patients who underwent intestinal resection as the first treatment or additional intestinal resection after endoscopic resection at our department between 1999 and 2012 were enrolled in the present study. Clinicopathological factors were analyzed to determine predictive factors related to lymph node metastasis. Results: The multivariate analysis revealing only depth of submucosal invasion (≤2700 μm) was found to be a significant, independent predictive factor of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04, Odds ratio: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.06 - 16.40). Conclusion: It is considered that the refinement of the criteria in the present study will be very useful, especially in the patients for whom careful judgment is required when considering additional intestinal resection.展开更多
Background: Provoked spasm might have influence on cardiovascular events even after successful DES implantation. Methods and results: A consecutive 122 patients who underwent first-generation DES (CypherTM, and TaxusT...Background: Provoked spasm might have influence on cardiovascular events even after successful DES implantation. Methods and results: A consecutive 122 patients who underwent first-generation DES (CypherTM, and TaxusTM) implantation and had no residual stenosis at follow-up coronary angiography were included. All patients also underwent acetylcholine provocation test (ACh) at follow-up angiography. Age, sex, coronary risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia), medication (calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, nitrates, β blockers, statins), duration from stent implantation to follow-up angiography (15.5 ± 14.5 months), old myocardial infarction, Ach + were included as variables for multivariate analysis for cardiovascular events (angina pectoris without intervention, target lesion revascularization, acute myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and stroke). ACh provocation test was positive in 64.8%. The following events occurred during a mean follow-up period of 26.9 ± 9.5 months;angina pectoris without intervention in 12, very late stent thrombosis in 1, acute myocardial infarction in 1, sudden death in 1, and stroke in 4. By Adjusted Cox hazard model, age was the independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. ACh was unbalanced data for Cox hazard model, and by logistic regression model, ACh was the strongest predictor. Conclusions: Coronary endothelial dysfunction at chronic stage is the strongest predictor of further prognosis in patients with first-generation DES.展开更多
The prevalence of persons with social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Japan remains unknown. This study examined 293 patients with age between 20 and 60 at first visit on the outpatient clinic of psychiatry by the section o...The prevalence of persons with social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Japan remains unknown. This study examined 293 patients with age between 20 and 60 at first visit on the outpatient clinic of psychiatry by the section of social phobia of M.I.N.I. and DSM-IV. After that, 10 patients with both SAD out of 16 patients (trial recruited) completed 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine. Among 63 patients with 4 points and 40 patients with 3 points on the M.I.N.I., 21 patients (33%) and 16 patients (40%) were diagnosed as SAD on DSM-IV criteria, respectively. Together, 37 patients (12.6%) were diagnosed as SAD out of the 293 outpatients. Among 37 patients with SAD, 23 patients (62%) had comorbid depression. As for 10 patients after treatment with paroxetine, 8 patients improved from the point of recovery of depression (HAM-D scores below 10), whereas only 4 patients improved from the point of recovery of social phobia (L-SAS scores below 30). Three points as well as 4 points on the M.I.N.I. is meaningful for the diagnosis of SAD. For a while, paroxetine exerted less beneficial effects on SAD rather than on depression.展开更多
In this study,the influence of hydrogen charging and deformation on the tensile behavior of a 60Fe-12Cr-10Mn-15Cu-3Mo multi-component alloy was investigated using electron microscopy and positron annihilation lifetime...In this study,the influence of hydrogen charging and deformation on the tensile behavior of a 60Fe-12Cr-10Mn-15Cu-3Mo multi-component alloy was investigated using electron microscopy and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.The results show that hydrogen-induced vacancy clusters found in the electrochemically charged hydrogen specimens are responsible for crack initiation.Upon ingress to the microstructure,hydrogen promotes the formation of cell-structured dislocations that are beneficial for the improvement of tensile strength.In addition,hydrogen embrittlement can be mitigated by dislocations that can hinder hydrogen mobility in the deformed specimens.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants-in-Aid for scientific research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,No.20015008,20054003,and 21390016
文摘The reverse cholesterol transport mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important mechanism for maintaining body cholesterol, and hence, the crucial anti-atherogenic action of the lipoprotein. Recent studies, however, have shown that HDL exerts a variety of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions independently of cholesterol metabolism. The present review provides an overview of the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor and apolipoprotein A-I/scavenger receptor class B type I systems in the anti-atherogenic HDL actions. In addition, the physiological significance of the existence of S1P in the HDL particles is discussed.
文摘Perpose: In order to establish the pathophysiological features and strategy for stercoral perforation of the colon, we herein analyze a series of stercoral perforation of the colon. Method: Ten patients were diagnosed with stercoral perforation. Clinical features, primary diseases, triggers, causative bacteria in ascites, postoperative complications, pathological features, severity of the disease, and effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized fiber (PMX-DHP) were investigated. Results: Nine patients had a long history of serious and chronic constipation and 7 patients had hypertension. Causative bacteria in ascites during the operation were most commonly Escherichia coli. There were a lot of severe postoperative complications such as sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute lung injury. With regard to the microscopic findings of the perforation site, the intestinal wall showed severe nonspecific inflammatory changes, including an increase of mono-nuclear cells in the lamina propria. There were 4 hospital deaths, so the mortality rate was 40%. APACHE- II and SOFA score were high postoperation and 24 hours after the operation. PMX-DHP was performed in 8 cases of severe conditions of stercoral perforation of the colon. Because the catecholamine index improved within 24 hours, four of 8 cases were rescued. Conclusion: Most of the patients with stercoral perforation of the colon had severe postoperative complications. The severity of the disease was extremely high, therefore, early diagnosis based on pathophy-siological features and comprehensive therapies including PMX-DHP were necessary for strategy of treating stercoral perforation of the colon.
基金Supported by Uehara Memorial FoundationMishima Kaiun Memorial FoundationA Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology
文摘AIM:To establish novel intestinal myofibroblast (IMF) cell lines from mouse colonic mucosa and investigate their biological characters. METHODS:Primary IMFs were isolated from mucosal tissues of mouse colon that was denuded of epithelial cells and smooth muscle layer. For immortalization, primary IMFs were transfected with simian virus 40 large T antigen (designated as LmcMF). We also isolated some primary IMFs that spontaneously became immortalized without transfection (designated as SmcMF). To check immortality and normality of these cells, we examined their proliferative ability and contact inhibition. Moreover, the expression levels of proteins characterizing IMFs [including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, desmin, and type Ⅰ collagen] and proteins associated with the immune response [such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), CD14, MD2, IκBα, and p-p38] were determined by Western blotting. The localization of several myofibroblast protein markers was also detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS:The cell growth assay results show that both LmcMF and SmcMF cells proliferated logarithmically at least up to passage 20. In addition, the contact inhibition assays show that LmcMF and SmcMF stopped growing after the cells reached confluence. These data suggest that these 2 types of cells were immortalized without losing contact inhibition of growth. Moreover, both LmcMF and SmcMF, like primary IMFs, showed spindle-shaped appearance. The expression levels of key myofibroblast protein markers, including α-SMA, vimentin, and desmin, were also examined by the Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Our results show that these cells were positive for α-SMA and vimentin, but not desmin, as well as that both LmcMF and SmcMF expressed type Ⅰ collagen at a lower level than primary IMFs. Finally, we investigated the expression level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor-related proteins, as well as the response of the cells to LPS treatment. We found that the TLR4, CD14, and MD-2 proteins were present in LmcMF and SmcMF, as well as in primary IMFs, and that all these cells responded to LPS. CONCLUSION:We established 2 novel IMF cell lines from mouse colonic mucosa, namely, LmcMF and SmcMF, both of which were able to respond to LPS.
文摘Purpose: Submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma (SICC) exhibits lymph node metastasis in about 10% of patients. Therefore, endoscopic resection is insufficient for cases of SICC at risk of lymph node metastasis, and surgical resection accompanied with lymph node dissection is necessary. However, because additional intestinal resection is unnecessary for cases without lymph node metastasis, more rigid criteria are required in order to decrease the incidence of unnecessary further intestinal resection. We retrospectively identified predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. Methods: One hundred and two patients who underwent intestinal resection as the first treatment or additional intestinal resection after endoscopic resection at our department between 1999 and 2012 were enrolled in the present study. Clinicopathological factors were analyzed to determine predictive factors related to lymph node metastasis. Results: The multivariate analysis revealing only depth of submucosal invasion (≤2700 μm) was found to be a significant, independent predictive factor of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04, Odds ratio: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.06 - 16.40). Conclusion: It is considered that the refinement of the criteria in the present study will be very useful, especially in the patients for whom careful judgment is required when considering additional intestinal resection.
文摘Background: Provoked spasm might have influence on cardiovascular events even after successful DES implantation. Methods and results: A consecutive 122 patients who underwent first-generation DES (CypherTM, and TaxusTM) implantation and had no residual stenosis at follow-up coronary angiography were included. All patients also underwent acetylcholine provocation test (ACh) at follow-up angiography. Age, sex, coronary risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia), medication (calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, nitrates, β blockers, statins), duration from stent implantation to follow-up angiography (15.5 ± 14.5 months), old myocardial infarction, Ach + were included as variables for multivariate analysis for cardiovascular events (angina pectoris without intervention, target lesion revascularization, acute myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and stroke). ACh provocation test was positive in 64.8%. The following events occurred during a mean follow-up period of 26.9 ± 9.5 months;angina pectoris without intervention in 12, very late stent thrombosis in 1, acute myocardial infarction in 1, sudden death in 1, and stroke in 4. By Adjusted Cox hazard model, age was the independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. ACh was unbalanced data for Cox hazard model, and by logistic regression model, ACh was the strongest predictor. Conclusions: Coronary endothelial dysfunction at chronic stage is the strongest predictor of further prognosis in patients with first-generation DES.
文摘The prevalence of persons with social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Japan remains unknown. This study examined 293 patients with age between 20 and 60 at first visit on the outpatient clinic of psychiatry by the section of social phobia of M.I.N.I. and DSM-IV. After that, 10 patients with both SAD out of 16 patients (trial recruited) completed 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine. Among 63 patients with 4 points and 40 patients with 3 points on the M.I.N.I., 21 patients (33%) and 16 patients (40%) were diagnosed as SAD on DSM-IV criteria, respectively. Together, 37 patients (12.6%) were diagnosed as SAD out of the 293 outpatients. Among 37 patients with SAD, 23 patients (62%) had comorbid depression. As for 10 patients after treatment with paroxetine, 8 patients improved from the point of recovery of depression (HAM-D scores below 10), whereas only 4 patients improved from the point of recovery of social phobia (L-SAS scores below 30). Three points as well as 4 points on the M.I.N.I. is meaningful for the diagnosis of SAD. For a while, paroxetine exerted less beneficial effects on SAD rather than on depression.
基金The financial supports from the National Key R&D Project(Grant Nos.2019YFA0210002 and 2019YFA0209904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12005229,12175262,and 11875055)+1 种基金China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2019M660795 and 2020T130653)are gratefully acknowledgedThe first author gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Hong Kong Scholars Program of China(XJ2020053).
文摘In this study,the influence of hydrogen charging and deformation on the tensile behavior of a 60Fe-12Cr-10Mn-15Cu-3Mo multi-component alloy was investigated using electron microscopy and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.The results show that hydrogen-induced vacancy clusters found in the electrochemically charged hydrogen specimens are responsible for crack initiation.Upon ingress to the microstructure,hydrogen promotes the formation of cell-structured dislocations that are beneficial for the improvement of tensile strength.In addition,hydrogen embrittlement can be mitigated by dislocations that can hinder hydrogen mobility in the deformed specimens.
