Abiotic stress such as high temperature at flowering is one of many conditions reducing yield of corn(Zea mays L.).Mixing corn cultivars with diverse functional traits increases within-crop diversity and provides a po...Abiotic stress such as high temperature at flowering is one of many conditions reducing yield of corn(Zea mays L.).Mixing corn cultivars with diverse functional traits increases within-crop diversity and provides a potential means of mitigating yield losses under stress conditions.We conducted a three-year field study to investigate the effects of cultivar mixtures on kernel setting rate,pollen sources,and yield.This study consisted of six treatments,including two high temperature-tolerant(HTT)monocrops of WK702 and DH701,two high temperature-sensitive(HTS)monocrops of DH605 and DH662,and two HTT–HTS mixtures of WK702-DH605 and DH701-DH662.The anthesis–silking interval(ASI)was 0.9–1.6 days shorter in mixtures than in monocrops.Kernel setting rate was increased in mixtures(86.4%–88.7%)compared with those in monocrops(74.7%–84.1%)as a result of synchrony and complementarity of pollination.Grain yields of the HTT–HTS mixtures increased by 13.3%–18.7%,equivalent to 1169 to1605 kg ha^(-1),in comparison with HTS corn monocrops.The results of SSR markers showed that crossfertilization percentage in corn cultivar mixtures ranged from 29.3%to 47.8%,partially explaining yield improvement.Land equivalent ratio(LER)was 1.12 for corn mixtures and the partial land equivalent ratio(e.g.,>0.5)showed the complementary benefits in corn mixtures.The results indicated that mixing corn cultivars with diverse flowering and drought-tolerance traits increased yields via pollination synchrony.展开更多
This study reveals the strengthened interdecadal relationship between the western North Pacific summer monsoon(WNPSM)and tropical central-western Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)in summer after the early ...This study reveals the strengthened interdecadal relationship between the western North Pacific summer monsoon(WNPSM)and tropical central-western Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)in summer after the early 1990s.In the first period(1979–91,P1),the WNPSM-related precipitation anomaly and horizontal wind anomaly present themselves as an analogous Pacific-Japan(PJ)-like pattern,generally considered to be related to the Niño-3 index in the preceding winter.During the subsequent period(1994–2019,P2),the WNPSM-related precipitation anomaly presents a zonal dipole pattern,correlated significantly with the concurrent SSTA in the Niño-4 and tropical western Pacific regions.The negative(positive)SSTA in the tropical western Pacific and positive(negative)SSTA in the Niño-4 region,could work together to influence the WNPSM,noting that the two types of anomalous SSTA configurations enhance(weaken)the WNPSM by the positive(negative)phase PJ-like wave and Gill response,respectively,with an anomalous cyclone(anticyclone)located in the WNPSM,which shows obvious symmetry about the anomalous circulation.Specifically,the SSTA in Niño-4 impacts the WNPSM by an atmospheric Gill response,with a stronger(weaker)WNPSM along with a positive(negative)SSTA in the Niño-4 region.Furthermore,the SSTA in the tropical western Pacific exerts an influence on the WNPSM by a PJ-like wave,with a stronger(weaker)WNPSM along with a negative(positive)SSTA in the tropical western Pacific.In general,SSTAs in the tropical western Pacific and Niño-4 areas could work together to exert influence on the WNPSM,with the effect most likely to occur in the El Niño(La Niña)developing year in P2.However,the SSTAs in the tropical western Pacific worked alone to exert an influence on the WNPSM mainly in 2013,2014,2016,and 2017,and the SSTAs in the Niño-4 region worked alone to exert an influence on the WNPSM mainly in Central Pacific(CP)La Niña developing years.The sensitivity experiments also can reproduce the PJ-like wave/Gill response associated with SSTA in the tropical western Pacific/Niño-4 regions.Therefore,the respective and synergistic impacts from the Niño-4 region and the tropical western Pacific on the WNPSM have been revealed,which helps us to acquire a better understanding of the interdecadal variations of the WNPSM and its associated climate influences.展开更多
Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications.Loss incurred in the distribution channel,however,dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state.Here,we first...Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications.Loss incurred in the distribution channel,however,dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state.Here,we first demonstrate noise immunity enhancement by using phase-sensitive amplifier(PSA)with measurement-based noiseless linear amplifier(MB-NLA).We explore the signal transfer capability with the amplifier in a noisy channel.The MB-NLA enhanced PSA has obvious suppression effect on channel noises,especially it has improvement for the noise contaminated signal.Better performance can be achieved by flexibly adjusting amplifier parameters.With the amplifier,it is promising to overcome the entanglement-distribution loss and show its superiority in squeezing based quantum sensing.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effects of retinoic acid(RA)on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP-7)in rat fetus with cleft palate,and the effects of RA on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts.Methods All-...Objective To evaluate the effects of retinoic acid(RA)on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP-7)in rat fetus with cleft palate,and the effects of RA on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts.Methods All-trans RA(ATRA)was used to induce congenital cleft palate in Wistar rat.BMP-7 mRNA expression in maxillary bone tissue of fetal rats was measured by Northern blotting analysis.Flow cytometry and MTT assay were used to measure the apoptosis and proliferation of ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells.BMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions in ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.Results ATRA could induce cleft palate of rat fetus.The incidence rate of cleft palate induced by 100 mg/kg ATRA(45.5%)was significantly higher than 50 mg/kg ATRA(12.5%,P<0.05).BMP-7 mRNA expression decreased in maxillary bone tissue of rat fetus with cleft palate.MC-3T3-E1 cells proliferation treated with 1×10-6 mol/LATRA decreased by 60%,the cell apoptosis increased by 2 times.BMP-7 mRNA and protein levels in MC-3T3-E1 cells treated with 1×10-6 mol/L ATRA decreased by 60% and 80%,respectively,compared with ATRA-untreated cells(P<0.05).Conclusions BMP-7 may play an important role in embryonic palate development.RA may possess the ability to down-regulate cell proliferation through regulation of BMP-7 gene expression.展开更多
The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive ...The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.展开更多
Very high frequency(VHF) photocathode guns have excellent performance and are being increasingly selected as electron sources for high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers. As a highly loaded quality factor cavi...Very high frequency(VHF) photocathode guns have excellent performance and are being increasingly selected as electron sources for high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers. As a highly loaded quality factor cavity, the VHF gun requires high stability in the amplitude and phase of the cavity field. However, the gun is microwave powered by two solid-state power sources through two separate power couplers. The input difference between the two power couplers will influence the stability of the cavity field. To systematically study this influence and obtain measurement formulae, a multi-port VHF gun LCR circuit model is built and analyzed. During the warm-up condition, the cavity structure will be deformed due to the large-scale change in the cavity temperature. Then, the deformation will result in cavity resonant frequency changes. To prevent the mechanic tuner from suffering damages due to the frequent and long-distance movement for correcting the cavity resonant frequency, a self-excited loop(SEL) control system is considered for changing the loop phase and make the loop frequency follow the resonant frequency. In this study, a steady-state model of the VHF gun cavity is built for obtaining the optimal input coupler coefficient and the stability requirement of the forward voltage. Then, the generator-driven resonator and SEL control system, which combine with the VHF multiport modeling, are modeled and simulated. The simulated results show that the SEL system can perfectly operate in the process of condition and warm-up.展开更多
The learning Bayesian network (BN) structure from data is an NP-hard problem and still one of the most exciting challenges in the machine learning.In this work,a novel algorithm is presented which combines ideas from ...The learning Bayesian network (BN) structure from data is an NP-hard problem and still one of the most exciting challenges in the machine learning.In this work,a novel algorithm is presented which combines ideas from local learning,constraintbased,and search-and-score techniques in a principled and effective way.It first reconstructs the junction tree of a BN and then performs a K2-scoring greedy search to orientate the local edges in the cliques of junction tree.Theoretical and experimental results show the proposed algorithm is capable of handling networks with a large number of variables.Its comparison with the well-known K2 algorithm is also presented.展开更多
Ni-based metallic foams possessing large specific surfaces and open cell structures are of specific interest as catalysts or catalyst carriers for electrolysis of water.Traditional fabrication of Nickel foam limits th...Ni-based metallic foams possessing large specific surfaces and open cell structures are of specific interest as catalysts or catalyst carriers for electrolysis of water.Traditional fabrication of Nickel foam limits the element modification choices to several inert transition metals only on polymer foam precursor and subsequent preparation of foam-based catalysts in aqueous solution or organic electrolyte.To expand the modification horizon,molten salt with wide electrochemical window and fast ion diffusion can achieve the reduction of highly active elements.Herein,we reported is a general and facile method to deposit directly of highly reactive element La and prepare hierarchical honeycomb LaNi_(5) alloy on Ni foam(ho-LaNi_(5)/NF).This self-supporting electrode presents excellent electrical coupling and conductivity between the Ni foam and LaNi_(5),which provides a 3D self-supported heterostructure with outstanding electrocatalytic activity and excellent durability for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).It exhibits excellent overpotential(1.86 V)comparable to commercial coupled IrO_(2)//Pt/C(1.85 V)at a high current density of 100 m A cm^(-2).This work may pave the way for fabricating novel 3D self-supported honeycomb alloy that can be applied as electrode for usage of clean energy.展开更多
With the widespread application of wireless communication technology and continuous improvements to Internet of Things(IoT)technology,fog computing architecture composed of edge,fog,and cloud layers have become a rese...With the widespread application of wireless communication technology and continuous improvements to Internet of Things(IoT)technology,fog computing architecture composed of edge,fog,and cloud layers have become a research hotspot.This architecture uses Fog Nodes(FNs)close to users to implement certain cloud functions while compensating for cloud disadvantages.However,because of the limited computing and storage capabilities of a single FN,it is necessary to offload tasks to multiple cooperating FNs for task completion.To effectively and quickly realize task offloading,we use network calculus theory to establish an overall performance model for task offloading in a fog computing environment and propose a Globally Optimal Multi-objective Optimization algorithm for Task Offloading(GOMOTO)based on the performance model.The results show that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively reduce the total delay and total energy consumption of the system and improve the network Quality of Service(QoS).展开更多
The widely-developed,mixed clastic-carbonate succession in the northern Qaidam Basin records the paleo-environment changes under the glacial activity during the Late Paleozoic icehouse period in the context of regiona...The widely-developed,mixed clastic-carbonate succession in the northern Qaidam Basin records the paleo-environment changes under the glacial activity during the Late Paleozoic icehouse period in the context of regional tectonic stability,however,the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of the mixed deposits is rarely reported and still not clear.Combined the latest drilling wells data,we analyzed the sedimentary and stratigraphic characterization of the mixed strata via detailed field outcrops and core observations and thin section microscopic observations and recognized three depositional systems,including progradational coastal system,incised valley system,and carbonate-dominated marine shelf system,and identified four third-order sequences,SQ1,SQ2,SQ3 and SQ4,consisting of LST,TST,and HST.The depositional environment is overall belonged to marine-continental transition context and shifted from marine to continental environment frequently,showing an evolutionary pattern from marine towards terrestrial-marine transition and then back into the marine environment again in the long-term,which was controlled by the regional tectonic subsidence and the high-frequency and large-amplitude sea-level changes due to the Late Paleozoic glacial activity.The result is of significance in understanding the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the sedimentation-climate response.展开更多
Human beings have witnessed unprecedented developments since the 1760s using precision tools and manufacturing methods that have led to ever-increasing precision,from millimeter to micrometer,to single nanometer,and t...Human beings have witnessed unprecedented developments since the 1760s using precision tools and manufacturing methods that have led to ever-increasing precision,from millimeter to micrometer,to single nanometer,and to atomic levels.The modes of manufacturing have also advanced from craft-based manufacturing in the Stone,Bronze,and Iron Ages to precisioncontrollable manufacturing using automatic machinery.In the past 30 years,since the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope,humans have become capable of manipulating single atoms,laying the groundwork for the coming era of atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM).Close-to-atomic scale manufacturing includes all necessary steps to convert raw materials,components,or parts into products designed to meet the user’s specifications.The processes involved in ACSM are not only atomically precise but also remove,add,or transform work material at the atomic and close-to-atomic scales.This review discusses the history of the development of ACSM and the current state-of-the-art processes to achieve atomically precise and/or atomic-scale manufacturing.Existing and future applications of ACSM in quantum computing,molecular circuitry,and the life and material sciences are also described.To further develop ACSM,it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms of atomic-scale and atomically precise manufacturing;develop functional devices,materials,and processes for ACSM;and promote high throughput manufacturing.展开更多
Cement Stabilized Loess(CSL)sample has a long history as a method of improving building foundations.In this paper,the main physical(specific gravity,consistency limit,optimum moisture content,and maximum dry den-sity)...Cement Stabilized Loess(CSL)sample has a long history as a method of improving building foundations.In this paper,the main physical(specific gravity,consistency limit,optimum moisture content,and maximum dry den-sity)and mechanical properties(Unconfined Compressive Strength(UCS)and shear strength par ameters)of CSL samples with different cement content were inves tigated,and the change reasons were exp lored by mean of SEM test.Meanwhile,quantitative analysis sofware Image Pro Plus(IPP)6.0 was used to characterize the microstruc-tural evolution of pores in compacted loess and CSL sample.As the cement content increased,the specific gravity and optimum water content in the CSL samples increased and the liquid limit and maximum dry density decreased.The plastic limit exhibits an increase followed by a decrease,with the plasticity index changing in the opposite tendency.The UCS and shear strengths of the CSL samples increased with increa sing cement con-tent,and the USC and cement content was better ftted using the Asymptotic model under the same curing time.The growth rate of the UCS and shear strength parameters were significantly reduced at cement contents above 2%.The results of Scanning Hlectron Microscopy(SEM)showed that the structure of the CSL samples was denser and had no obvious inter-aggregate pores.Meanwhile,compared to compacted loess,produced C-S-H gel and ettringite.Quantitative analysis of compacted loess and CSL sample by IPP software.Compared to compacted loess,the average pore diameter and average pore area of the CSL sample decreased from 12.44μm and 229.04 μm^(2) to 8.72 μm and 84.68μm^(2),a reduction of 29.9% and 63.0%,respectively.The pore shape tends to fatten,but there is basically no efet on the pore angle distrbution.Fnally,a systematic description of the phy-sicochemical reactions occurring during the formation of the CSL sample structure was made,and a schematic diagram of the formation of the CSL sample structure was created.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42105063]the Youth Training Project of the Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions[project number CAMT-202302]a funded project of Hengyang Normal University[project number 2022QD11].
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801308)Henan Provincial Higher Education Key Research Project(21A210024)CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique(AMF202109)。
文摘Abiotic stress such as high temperature at flowering is one of many conditions reducing yield of corn(Zea mays L.).Mixing corn cultivars with diverse functional traits increases within-crop diversity and provides a potential means of mitigating yield losses under stress conditions.We conducted a three-year field study to investigate the effects of cultivar mixtures on kernel setting rate,pollen sources,and yield.This study consisted of six treatments,including two high temperature-tolerant(HTT)monocrops of WK702 and DH701,two high temperature-sensitive(HTS)monocrops of DH605 and DH662,and two HTT–HTS mixtures of WK702-DH605 and DH701-DH662.The anthesis–silking interval(ASI)was 0.9–1.6 days shorter in mixtures than in monocrops.Kernel setting rate was increased in mixtures(86.4%–88.7%)compared with those in monocrops(74.7%–84.1%)as a result of synchrony and complementarity of pollination.Grain yields of the HTT–HTS mixtures increased by 13.3%–18.7%,equivalent to 1169 to1605 kg ha^(-1),in comparison with HTS corn monocrops.The results of SSR markers showed that crossfertilization percentage in corn cultivar mixtures ranged from 29.3%to 47.8%,partially explaining yield improvement.Land equivalent ratio(LER)was 1.12 for corn mixtures and the partial land equivalent ratio(e.g.,>0.5)showed the complementary benefits in corn mixtures.The results indicated that mixing corn cultivars with diverse flowering and drought-tolerance traits increased yields via pollination synchrony.
基金supported by the Fund Project of the Hengyang Normal University(2022QD11)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42105063).
文摘This study reveals the strengthened interdecadal relationship between the western North Pacific summer monsoon(WNPSM)and tropical central-western Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)in summer after the early 1990s.In the first period(1979–91,P1),the WNPSM-related precipitation anomaly and horizontal wind anomaly present themselves as an analogous Pacific-Japan(PJ)-like pattern,generally considered to be related to the Niño-3 index in the preceding winter.During the subsequent period(1994–2019,P2),the WNPSM-related precipitation anomaly presents a zonal dipole pattern,correlated significantly with the concurrent SSTA in the Niño-4 and tropical western Pacific regions.The negative(positive)SSTA in the tropical western Pacific and positive(negative)SSTA in the Niño-4 region,could work together to influence the WNPSM,noting that the two types of anomalous SSTA configurations enhance(weaken)the WNPSM by the positive(negative)phase PJ-like wave and Gill response,respectively,with an anomalous cyclone(anticyclone)located in the WNPSM,which shows obvious symmetry about the anomalous circulation.Specifically,the SSTA in Niño-4 impacts the WNPSM by an atmospheric Gill response,with a stronger(weaker)WNPSM along with a positive(negative)SSTA in the Niño-4 region.Furthermore,the SSTA in the tropical western Pacific exerts an influence on the WNPSM by a PJ-like wave,with a stronger(weaker)WNPSM along with a negative(positive)SSTA in the tropical western Pacific.In general,SSTAs in the tropical western Pacific and Niño-4 areas could work together to exert influence on the WNPSM,with the effect most likely to occur in the El Niño(La Niña)developing year in P2.However,the SSTAs in the tropical western Pacific worked alone to exert an influence on the WNPSM mainly in 2013,2014,2016,and 2017,and the SSTAs in the Niño-4 region worked alone to exert an influence on the WNPSM mainly in Central Pacific(CP)La Niña developing years.The sensitivity experiments also can reproduce the PJ-like wave/Gill response associated with SSTA in the tropical western Pacific/Niño-4 regions.Therefore,the respective and synergistic impacts from the Niño-4 region and the tropical western Pacific on the WNPSM have been revealed,which helps us to acquire a better understanding of the interdecadal variations of the WNPSM and its associated climate influences.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074233)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2201802)Shanxi(1331 Project)。
文摘Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications.Loss incurred in the distribution channel,however,dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state.Here,we first demonstrate noise immunity enhancement by using phase-sensitive amplifier(PSA)with measurement-based noiseless linear amplifier(MB-NLA).We explore the signal transfer capability with the amplifier in a noisy channel.The MB-NLA enhanced PSA has obvious suppression effect on channel noises,especially it has improvement for the noise contaminated signal.Better performance can be achieved by flexibly adjusting amplifier parameters.With the amplifier,it is promising to overcome the entanglement-distribution loss and show its superiority in squeezing based quantum sensing.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30500414)Scientific Research Project in Department of Education of Liaoning Province(05L508,20061010)
文摘Objective To evaluate the effects of retinoic acid(RA)on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP-7)in rat fetus with cleft palate,and the effects of RA on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts.Methods All-trans RA(ATRA)was used to induce congenital cleft palate in Wistar rat.BMP-7 mRNA expression in maxillary bone tissue of fetal rats was measured by Northern blotting analysis.Flow cytometry and MTT assay were used to measure the apoptosis and proliferation of ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells.BMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions in ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.Results ATRA could induce cleft palate of rat fetus.The incidence rate of cleft palate induced by 100 mg/kg ATRA(45.5%)was significantly higher than 50 mg/kg ATRA(12.5%,P<0.05).BMP-7 mRNA expression decreased in maxillary bone tissue of rat fetus with cleft palate.MC-3T3-E1 cells proliferation treated with 1×10-6 mol/LATRA decreased by 60%,the cell apoptosis increased by 2 times.BMP-7 mRNA and protein levels in MC-3T3-E1 cells treated with 1×10-6 mol/L ATRA decreased by 60% and 80%,respectively,compared with ATRA-untreated cells(P<0.05).Conclusions BMP-7 may play an important role in embryonic palate development.RA may possess the ability to down-regulate cell proliferation through regulation of BMP-7 gene expression.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81300064).
文摘The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.
文摘Very high frequency(VHF) photocathode guns have excellent performance and are being increasingly selected as electron sources for high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers. As a highly loaded quality factor cavity, the VHF gun requires high stability in the amplitude and phase of the cavity field. However, the gun is microwave powered by two solid-state power sources through two separate power couplers. The input difference between the two power couplers will influence the stability of the cavity field. To systematically study this influence and obtain measurement formulae, a multi-port VHF gun LCR circuit model is built and analyzed. During the warm-up condition, the cavity structure will be deformed due to the large-scale change in the cavity temperature. Then, the deformation will result in cavity resonant frequency changes. To prevent the mechanic tuner from suffering damages due to the frequent and long-distance movement for correcting the cavity resonant frequency, a self-excited loop(SEL) control system is considered for changing the loop phase and make the loop frequency follow the resonant frequency. In this study, a steady-state model of the VHF gun cavity is built for obtaining the optimal input coupler coefficient and the stability requirement of the forward voltage. Then, the generator-driven resonator and SEL control system, which combine with the VHF multiport modeling, are modeled and simulated. The simulated results show that the SEL system can perfectly operate in the process of condition and warm-up.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (6097408261075055)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (K50510700004)
文摘The learning Bayesian network (BN) structure from data is an NP-hard problem and still one of the most exciting challenges in the machine learning.In this work,a novel algorithm is presented which combines ideas from local learning,constraintbased,and search-and-score techniques in a principled and effective way.It first reconstructs the junction tree of a BN and then performs a K2-scoring greedy search to orientate the local edges in the cliques of junction tree.Theoretical and experimental results show the proposed algorithm is capable of handling networks with a large number of variables.Its comparison with the well-known K2 algorithm is also presented.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.21925603)support of the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21790373)。
文摘Ni-based metallic foams possessing large specific surfaces and open cell structures are of specific interest as catalysts or catalyst carriers for electrolysis of water.Traditional fabrication of Nickel foam limits the element modification choices to several inert transition metals only on polymer foam precursor and subsequent preparation of foam-based catalysts in aqueous solution or organic electrolyte.To expand the modification horizon,molten salt with wide electrochemical window and fast ion diffusion can achieve the reduction of highly active elements.Herein,we reported is a general and facile method to deposit directly of highly reactive element La and prepare hierarchical honeycomb LaNi_(5) alloy on Ni foam(ho-LaNi_(5)/NF).This self-supporting electrode presents excellent electrical coupling and conductivity between the Ni foam and LaNi_(5),which provides a 3D self-supported heterostructure with outstanding electrocatalytic activity and excellent durability for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).It exhibits excellent overpotential(1.86 V)comparable to commercial coupled IrO_(2)//Pt/C(1.85 V)at a high current density of 100 m A cm^(-2).This work may pave the way for fabricating novel 3D self-supported honeycomb alloy that can be applied as electrode for usage of clean energy.
基金This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61572191 and 61602171)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2022JJ30398 and 2021JJ30455).
文摘With the widespread application of wireless communication technology and continuous improvements to Internet of Things(IoT)technology,fog computing architecture composed of edge,fog,and cloud layers have become a research hotspot.This architecture uses Fog Nodes(FNs)close to users to implement certain cloud functions while compensating for cloud disadvantages.However,because of the limited computing and storage capabilities of a single FN,it is necessary to offload tasks to multiple cooperating FNs for task completion.To effectively and quickly realize task offloading,we use network calculus theory to establish an overall performance model for task offloading in a fog computing environment and propose a Globally Optimal Multi-objective Optimization algorithm for Task Offloading(GOMOTO)based on the performance model.The results show that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively reduce the total delay and total energy consumption of the system and improve the network Quality of Service(QoS).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41702124,41772272)the China Geological Survey Program(DD20190094).
文摘The widely-developed,mixed clastic-carbonate succession in the northern Qaidam Basin records the paleo-environment changes under the glacial activity during the Late Paleozoic icehouse period in the context of regional tectonic stability,however,the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of the mixed deposits is rarely reported and still not clear.Combined the latest drilling wells data,we analyzed the sedimentary and stratigraphic characterization of the mixed strata via detailed field outcrops and core observations and thin section microscopic observations and recognized three depositional systems,including progradational coastal system,incised valley system,and carbonate-dominated marine shelf system,and identified four third-order sequences,SQ1,SQ2,SQ3 and SQ4,consisting of LST,TST,and HST.The depositional environment is overall belonged to marine-continental transition context and shifted from marine to continental environment frequently,showing an evolutionary pattern from marine towards terrestrial-marine transition and then back into the marine environment again in the long-term,which was controlled by the regional tectonic subsidence and the high-frequency and large-amplitude sea-level changes due to the Late Paleozoic glacial activity.The result is of significance in understanding the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the sedimentation-climate response.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51320105009,61635008,and 61675149)and the Science Foundation Ireland(SFI)(Grant Nos.15/RP/B3208 and 18/FIP/3555).
文摘Human beings have witnessed unprecedented developments since the 1760s using precision tools and manufacturing methods that have led to ever-increasing precision,from millimeter to micrometer,to single nanometer,and to atomic levels.The modes of manufacturing have also advanced from craft-based manufacturing in the Stone,Bronze,and Iron Ages to precisioncontrollable manufacturing using automatic machinery.In the past 30 years,since the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope,humans have become capable of manipulating single atoms,laying the groundwork for the coming era of atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM).Close-to-atomic scale manufacturing includes all necessary steps to convert raw materials,components,or parts into products designed to meet the user’s specifications.The processes involved in ACSM are not only atomically precise but also remove,add,or transform work material at the atomic and close-to-atomic scales.This review discusses the history of the development of ACSM and the current state-of-the-art processes to achieve atomically precise and/or atomic-scale manufacturing.Existing and future applications of ACSM in quantum computing,molecular circuitry,and the life and material sciences are also described.To further develop ACSM,it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms of atomic-scale and atomically precise manufacturing;develop functional devices,materials,and processes for ACSM;and promote high throughput manufacturing.
基金This study was supported by the key research and development program of Shaanxi Province in the form of grants awarded to KL(Grant No.2017ZDXM-SF-087)BWY(Grant No.2020SF-436).
文摘Cement Stabilized Loess(CSL)sample has a long history as a method of improving building foundations.In this paper,the main physical(specific gravity,consistency limit,optimum moisture content,and maximum dry den-sity)and mechanical properties(Unconfined Compressive Strength(UCS)and shear strength par ameters)of CSL samples with different cement content were inves tigated,and the change reasons were exp lored by mean of SEM test.Meanwhile,quantitative analysis sofware Image Pro Plus(IPP)6.0 was used to characterize the microstruc-tural evolution of pores in compacted loess and CSL sample.As the cement content increased,the specific gravity and optimum water content in the CSL samples increased and the liquid limit and maximum dry density decreased.The plastic limit exhibits an increase followed by a decrease,with the plasticity index changing in the opposite tendency.The UCS and shear strengths of the CSL samples increased with increa sing cement con-tent,and the USC and cement content was better ftted using the Asymptotic model under the same curing time.The growth rate of the UCS and shear strength parameters were significantly reduced at cement contents above 2%.The results of Scanning Hlectron Microscopy(SEM)showed that the structure of the CSL samples was denser and had no obvious inter-aggregate pores.Meanwhile,compared to compacted loess,produced C-S-H gel and ettringite.Quantitative analysis of compacted loess and CSL sample by IPP software.Compared to compacted loess,the average pore diameter and average pore area of the CSL sample decreased from 12.44μm and 229.04 μm^(2) to 8.72 μm and 84.68μm^(2),a reduction of 29.9% and 63.0%,respectively.The pore shape tends to fatten,but there is basically no efet on the pore angle distrbution.Fnally,a systematic description of the phy-sicochemical reactions occurring during the formation of the CSL sample structure was made,and a schematic diagram of the formation of the CSL sample structure was created.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81202839）, the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China （No. 81774080）, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province（ZR2012HQ023）,the Medical science and technology development Foundation of Shandong Province, China （No.2014WS0431）, the Jinan young star of science and technology plan （No. 201406012）, and the Affiliated Hospital ofShandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shandong University, China.
