Ferroplasma thermophilum,a sort of extreme acidophilic archaea,which can synthesize intracellular cobalt ferrite nanocrystals,is investigated in this study.The nanocrystals were analyzed with ultrathin sections and tr...Ferroplasma thermophilum,a sort of extreme acidophilic archaea,which can synthesize intracellular cobalt ferrite nanocrystals,is investigated in this study.The nanocrystals were analyzed with ultrathin sections and transmission electron microscope,with the size of 20−60 nm,the number of more than 30 in each cell at average,which indicated that F.thermophilum can synthesize intracellular nanocrystals and also belongs to high-yield nanocrystals-producing strain.Intriguingly,the nanocrystals contain ferrite and cobalt characterized by EDS X-ray analysis,suggesting that both cobalt and ferrite are potentially contributed to the formation of nanocrystals.Moreover,under the different energy source culture conditions of FeSO4 and CuFeS2,the size and the morphology of the nanocrystals are different.It was also found that the higher initial Fe availability leads to an induced synthesis of larger nanocrystals and the lower oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)leads to an induced effect on the synthesis of nanocrystals with abnormal unhomogeneous size,which suggested that the higher initial Fe availability and the lower oxidation-reduction potential lead to a higher uptake efficiency of iron ions of F.thermophilum by iron and ORP gradient culture.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the sea breeze front storm and its composite analysis in Beibu Gulf. [Method] By dint of routine observation data, ground automatic meteorology data and European numerical mode grid da...[Objective] The aim was to study the sea breeze front storm and its composite analysis in Beibu Gulf. [Method] By dint of routine observation data, ground automatic meteorology data and European numerical mode grid data, rainstorm caused by sea breeze in Guangxi during 1990 and 2007 and the strong convection triggered by sea breeze on June 5 in 2008 were expounded. The main characteristics of the configuration of circulation in the low and high latitude of breeze front of middle scale were summarized. [Result] Sea breeze front storm system was an important middle scale sea breeze front system that triggered storm in the Beibu Gulf. Sea breeze in Beibu Gulf occurred most easily during the southwest monsoon eruption period. Case study pointed out that after sunrise, the continental and island temperature in Beibu Gulf turned from warm-ocean-cold-island into warm-island-cold-ocean. The southerly airstream of high temperature and high humidity met with the relatively low temperature and dry northerly airstream in Beibu Gulf, and triggered vertical circulation and stimulated ground middle scale sea breeze front system. Composite analysis referred to the circulation characteristics of the ocean and continental temperature in Beibu Gulf. The upper air of south China was in strong divergence center. The air pressure was high in the east and low in the west. Beibu Gulf was in the southerly torrent belt in front of the trough and after the latitude in cyclonic circulation convergence area. The strata unstable structure of the divergence in the upper air and the convergence in the lower layer and the 'pumping effect' provided upward dynamics for the ocean circulation development. The southerly brought rich water vapor to the Beibu Gulf, which was conductive to the formation of strong convective cloud system in the lower layer and the generation of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided references for the study on the characteristics of middle scale convective system.展开更多
基金Project(2018JJ1041)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,ChinaProjects(51774332,51934009,U1932129)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Ferroplasma thermophilum,a sort of extreme acidophilic archaea,which can synthesize intracellular cobalt ferrite nanocrystals,is investigated in this study.The nanocrystals were analyzed with ultrathin sections and transmission electron microscope,with the size of 20−60 nm,the number of more than 30 in each cell at average,which indicated that F.thermophilum can synthesize intracellular nanocrystals and also belongs to high-yield nanocrystals-producing strain.Intriguingly,the nanocrystals contain ferrite and cobalt characterized by EDS X-ray analysis,suggesting that both cobalt and ferrite are potentially contributed to the formation of nanocrystals.Moreover,under the different energy source culture conditions of FeSO4 and CuFeS2,the size and the morphology of the nanocrystals are different.It was also found that the higher initial Fe availability leads to an induced synthesis of larger nanocrystals and the lower oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)leads to an induced effect on the synthesis of nanocrystals with abnormal unhomogeneous size,which suggested that the higher initial Fe availability and the lower oxidation-reduction potential lead to a higher uptake efficiency of iron ions of F.thermophilum by iron and ORP gradient culture.
基金Supported by National Natural Fund in 2010 (40965003)Guangxi Science and Technology Project in Guangxi in 2007 (Guangxi Science Project 0719005-3-2)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the sea breeze front storm and its composite analysis in Beibu Gulf. [Method] By dint of routine observation data, ground automatic meteorology data and European numerical mode grid data, rainstorm caused by sea breeze in Guangxi during 1990 and 2007 and the strong convection triggered by sea breeze on June 5 in 2008 were expounded. The main characteristics of the configuration of circulation in the low and high latitude of breeze front of middle scale were summarized. [Result] Sea breeze front storm system was an important middle scale sea breeze front system that triggered storm in the Beibu Gulf. Sea breeze in Beibu Gulf occurred most easily during the southwest monsoon eruption period. Case study pointed out that after sunrise, the continental and island temperature in Beibu Gulf turned from warm-ocean-cold-island into warm-island-cold-ocean. The southerly airstream of high temperature and high humidity met with the relatively low temperature and dry northerly airstream in Beibu Gulf, and triggered vertical circulation and stimulated ground middle scale sea breeze front system. Composite analysis referred to the circulation characteristics of the ocean and continental temperature in Beibu Gulf. The upper air of south China was in strong divergence center. The air pressure was high in the east and low in the west. Beibu Gulf was in the southerly torrent belt in front of the trough and after the latitude in cyclonic circulation convergence area. The strata unstable structure of the divergence in the upper air and the convergence in the lower layer and the 'pumping effect' provided upward dynamics for the ocean circulation development. The southerly brought rich water vapor to the Beibu Gulf, which was conductive to the formation of strong convective cloud system in the lower layer and the generation of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided references for the study on the characteristics of middle scale convective system.
