Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response.There may be three reasons.First,the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer(CRC)lead...Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response.There may be three reasons.First,the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer(CRC)leads to tolerance and clearance of immunotherapy.Second,the modification and concealment of tumor-specific targets in cold CRC cause immune escape and immune response interruption.Finally,the difference in number and function of immune cell subsets in patients with cold CRC makes them respond poorly to immunotherapy.Therefore,we can only overcome the challenges in immunotherapy of cold CRC through in-depth research and understanding the changes and mechanisms in the above three aspects of cold CRC.展开更多
The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become a sudden public emergency of international concern and seriously threatens milli...The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become a sudden public emergency of international concern and seriously threatens millions of people’s life health.Two current studies have indicated a favorable role for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(MSCs)in clinical remission of COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases,yet the systematical elaboration of the therapeutics and underlying mechanism is far from satisfaction.In the present review,we summarize the therapeutic potential of MSCs in COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia induced acute lung injury,acute respiratory distress syndrome,and pulmonary fibrosis.Furthermore,we review the underlying mechanism of MSCs including direct-and trans-differentiation,autocrine and paracrine anti-inflammatory effects,homing,and neovascularization,as well as constitutive microenvironment.Finally,we discuss the prospects and supervision of MSC-based cytotherapy for COVID-19 management before large-scale application in clinical practice.Collectively,this review supplies overwhelming new references for understanding the landscapes of MSCs in the remission of COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases.展开更多
文摘Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response.There may be three reasons.First,the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer(CRC)leads to tolerance and clearance of immunotherapy.Second,the modification and concealment of tumor-specific targets in cold CRC cause immune escape and immune response interruption.Finally,the difference in number and function of immune cell subsets in patients with cold CRC makes them respond poorly to immunotherapy.Therefore,we can only overcome the challenges in immunotherapy of cold CRC through in-depth research and understanding the changes and mechanisms in the above three aspects of cold CRC.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.ZR2020QC097China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2019M661033+7 种基金Jiangxi Key New Product Incubation Program Funded by Technical Innovation Guidance Program of Shangrao city,No.2020G002Tianjin Science and Technology Project for Overseas Students,No.JH-20180070802Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,No.19JCQNJC12500Major Project of Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2018PT31048Major Project of Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2019PT310013National Science and Technology Major Projects of China for“Major New Drugs Innovation and Development”,No.2014ZX09508002-003National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81330015and Science and Technology Project of Tianjin,No.17ZXSCSY00030.
文摘The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become a sudden public emergency of international concern and seriously threatens millions of people’s life health.Two current studies have indicated a favorable role for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(MSCs)in clinical remission of COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases,yet the systematical elaboration of the therapeutics and underlying mechanism is far from satisfaction.In the present review,we summarize the therapeutic potential of MSCs in COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia induced acute lung injury,acute respiratory distress syndrome,and pulmonary fibrosis.Furthermore,we review the underlying mechanism of MSCs including direct-and trans-differentiation,autocrine and paracrine anti-inflammatory effects,homing,and neovascularization,as well as constitutive microenvironment.Finally,we discuss the prospects and supervision of MSC-based cytotherapy for COVID-19 management before large-scale application in clinical practice.Collectively,this review supplies overwhelming new references for understanding the landscapes of MSCs in the remission of COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases.
