Compared with the traditional pyrometallurgical process, copper bioleaching has distinctive advantages of high efficiency and lower cost, enabling efficiently extracts of valuable metal resources from copper sulfides....Compared with the traditional pyrometallurgical process, copper bioleaching has distinctive advantages of high efficiency and lower cost, enabling efficiently extracts of valuable metal resources from copper sulfides. Moreover, during long-term industrial applications of bioleaching, many regulatory enhancements and technological methods are used to accelerate the interfacial reactions. With advances in microbial genetic and sequencing technologies, bacterial communities and their mechanisms in bioleaching systems have been revealed gradually. The bacterial proliferation and dissolution of sulfide ores by a bacterial community depends on the pH, temperature, oxygen, reaction product regulation, additives, and passivation substances, among other factors. The internal relationship among the influencing factors and the succession of microorganism diversity are discussed and reviewed in this paper. This paper is intended to provide a good reference for studies related to enhanced bioleaching.展开更多
Ore particles,especially fine interlayers,commonly segregate in heap stacking,leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds.Computed tomography(CT),COMSOL Multiphysics,and MATLAB...Ore particles,especially fine interlayers,commonly segregate in heap stacking,leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds.Computed tomography(CT),COMSOL Multiphysics,and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers.The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds.Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking.CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers(24.21%)was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores(37.42%),which directly affected the formation of flow paths.Specifically,the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped.Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds.Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity(1.8×10^-5 m/s)suddenly increased.Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2×10^-5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.展开更多
The chemical binder is one of the critical factors affecting ore agglomeration behavior and leaching efficiency.In this study,we in-vestigated the effect of the type of binder and mass fraction of the H_(2)SO_(4)solut...The chemical binder is one of the critical factors affecting ore agglomeration behavior and leaching efficiency.In this study,we in-vestigated the effect of the type of binder and mass fraction of the H_(2)SO_(4)solution used on the curing,soaking,and leaching behavior of ag-glomerations.The results revealed that Portland cement(3CaO·SiO_(2),2CaO·SiO_(2),and 3CaO·Al_(2)O_(3))was the optimal binder for obtaining a well-shaped,stable agglomeration structure.A higher extraction rate was achieved when using Portland cement than that obtained using sodi-um silicate,gypsum,or acid-proof cement.An excessive geometric mean size is not conducive to obtaining well-shaped agglomerations and desirable porosity.Using computed tomography(CT)and MATLAB,the porosity of two-dimensional CT images in sample concentrations L1-L3 was observed to increase at least 4.5vol%after acid leaching.Ore agglomerations began to be heavily destroyed and even to disinteg-rate when the sulfuric acid solution concentration was higher than 30 g/L,which was caused by the excessive accumulation of reaction products and residuals.展开更多
Primary giant-cell tumors rarely arise in the common bile duct. We herein report a case of primary giant-cell tumor of the common bile duct. The patient was an 81-year-old male who was diagnosed with a well-defined 1....Primary giant-cell tumors rarely arise in the common bile duct. We herein report a case of primary giant-cell tumor of the common bile duct. The patient was an 81-year-old male who was diagnosed with a well-defined 1.2-cm mass projecting into the lumen of the middle common bile duct. Excision of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct and a Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomy were performed. Histologically, the tumor had no association with carcinomas of epithelial origin and was similar to giant-cell tumors of the bone. The tumor consisted of a mixture of mononuclear and multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells. The mononuclear cells showed no atypical features, and their nuclei were similar to those of the multinucleated giant cells. CD68 was expressed on the mononuclear and multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, whereas CD163 immunoreactivity was restricted to the mononuclear cells. Six months after the operation, the patient was still alive and had no recurrence. The interest of this case lies in the rarity of this entity, the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis, and this tumor’s possible confusion with other malignant tumors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal,with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors,and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%.The standard treatment ...BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal,with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors,and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%.The standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and further adjuvant temozolomide.However,the prognosis remains poor and longterm survival is rare.This report aimed to demonstrate a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.CASE SUMMARY A patient was referred to the Department of Neurosurgery with an intracranial space-occupying lesion with a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm.The tumor was compressing functional areas,and the patient accordingly underwent partial resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The imaging and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma differentiation(World Health Organization IV).The patient was finally diagnosed with glioblastoma.However,the patient discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects,and was prescribed Kangliu pill(KLP)7.5 g three times/d,which he has continued to date.Significant shrinkage of the tumor(maximum diameter reduced from about 3.5 to about 2 cm)was found after 3 mo of KLP therapy,and the tumor was further reduced to about 1 cm after 3 years.The patient’s symptoms of headache,limb weakness,and left hemiplegia were relieved,with no side effects.CONCLUSION KLP has been a successful intervention for glioblastoma, and the current caseindicates that traditional Chinese medicine may offer effective alternativetherapies for glioblastoma.展开更多
The Jing-well point temperatures test method is a method to diagnose and guide the treatment of diseases by measuring the subjects' symmetrical well point temperature. it is improved from the method of knowing hea...The Jing-well point temperatures test method is a method to diagnose and guide the treatment of diseases by measuring the subjects' symmetrical well point temperature. it is improved from the method of knowing heat sensitivity. The application of Jing-well point temperatures test method is wide, and it can be used in internal and external gynecology and pediatrics and facial features department. at the same time, it has the advantage of objective and accurate diagnosis. The old law has some shortcomings, such as poor intuition, unavoidable omission of information, incomplete interpretation of information and so on. In this paper, Excel software is used to transform the data into line chart form, which improves the intuition and comprehensiveness of this method, so that the data can be better interpreted and used. It is newly proposed in this article that in addition to observing the longitudinal di fference of well point temperature, more attention should be paid to the horizontal contrast difference of well point temperature in different meridians. The article also summarizes a number of treatment methods, including acupuncture, moxa moxibustion, cupping and scraping, and the selection of acupoints, including mother acupoints, tenderness points and heat-sensitive moxibustion, so that doctors can combine traditional Chinese medicine professional knowledge in clinic.展开更多
Background:Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1)and IDH2 genes are important for both the integrated diagnosis and the prognosis of diffuse gliomas.The p.R132H mutation of IDH1 is the most frequently obser...Background:Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1)and IDH2 genes are important for both the integrated diagnosis and the prognosis of diffuse gliomas.The p.R132H mutation of IDH1 is the most frequently observed IDH mutation,while IDH2 mutations were relatively rarely studied.The aim of the study was to determine the pathological and genetic characteristics of lowergrade gliomas that carry IDH2 mutations.Methods:Data from 238 adult patients with lower-grade gliomas were retrospectively analyzed.The status of IDH1/2 gene mutations,telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)promoter mutations,O^6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase(MGMT)promoter methylation,1p/19q co-deletion and the expressions of IDH1 R132H,alpha-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation,and p53 were evaluated.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were calculated via Kaplan-Meier estimation using the log-rank test.Results:Totally,71%(169/238)of patients were positive for IDH mutations,including 12 patients harboring mutations in IDH2.Among the 12 patients with IDH2 mutations,ten patients harbored the R172K mutation,one patient harbored the R172S mutation and one harbored the R172W mutation.Of these,11 tumors occurred in the frontal lobe and showed morphology typical of oligodendroglioma.The proportion of grade II tumors was higher than that of grade III tumors in IDH2 mutant-gliomas.IDH2 mutations were frequently associated with TERT promoter mutations,1p/19q co-deletion and MGMT promoter methylation.IDH2 mutations were associated with better outcomes compared with IDH wild-type gliomas(P<0.05).However,the PFS and OS did not differ from that of IDH1 mutant patients(P=0.95 and P=0.60,respectively).Conclusions:IDH2 mutations are more frequent in oligodendrogliomas and associated with a better prognosis.IDH2 mutations may segregate in distinct clinico-pathological and genetic subtypes of gliomas,and therefore may merit routine investigation.展开更多
To the Editor: The Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is a rare congenital malformation involving the posterior fossa. Diagnosis of the DWM is based on a series of characteristic neuroimaging findings, which include comp...To the Editor: The Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is a rare congenital malformation involving the posterior fossa. Diagnosis of the DWM is based on a series of characteristic neuroimaging findings, which include complete or partial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, and enlarged posterior fossa.[1] Several malformation syndromes and cytogenetic abnormalities have been associated with the DWM. However, the co-existence of the DWM and neoplasms is rare.[2] There are rare reports of the co-existence of the DWM and ganglioglioma.展开更多
To the Editor:Intracranial lipomas(ICLs)are very rare congenital malformative lesions accounting for about 0.1%to 1.7%of all intracranial tumors.[1,2]Herein we describe a rare case of a lipoma affecting the cerebral i...To the Editor:Intracranial lipomas(ICLs)are very rare congenital malformative lesions accounting for about 0.1%to 1.7%of all intracranial tumors.[1,2]Herein we describe a rare case of a lipoma affecting the cerebral interhemispheric cisterns in association with malformations of cortical development(MCD),hypogenesis of the corpus callosum,and abnormal vasculature.展开更多
To the Editor:A 68-year-old man presented with a 2-month aphasia.Magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an abnormal signal in the left temporal lobe with heterogenous enhancement[Figure 1A].Glioma was considered,and...To the Editor:A 68-year-old man presented with a 2-month aphasia.Magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an abnormal signal in the left temporal lobe with heterogenous enhancement[Figure 1A].Glioma was considered,and the patient underwent total tumor resection.Microscopic examination of the resected tumor showed a high-grade glial tumor with pleomorphic cells,elevated mitotic activity,microvascular proliferation,and pseudopalisading necrosis[Figure 1B and Figure 1C].Part of the lesion contained round cells with perinuclear halos.展开更多
To the Editor： Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease （CMT） is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited neuropathy, with Type 1 A being the most common. CMT IA is characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy ...To the Editor： Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease （CMT） is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited neuropathy, with Type 1 A being the most common. CMT IA is characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of the distal limb muscles beginning in the peroneal group, mild distal sensory loss, diminished tendon reflexes, and slow nerve conduction velocity . Spinal nerve root hypertrophy is a distinct sign of CMT 1A. This sign can be detected on magnetic resonance images （MRI）, but it is often overlooked. Instead, diagnosis of this disease is often made basing on biopsy and genetic testing.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0600704)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of China (No. 51722401)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51734001)
文摘Compared with the traditional pyrometallurgical process, copper bioleaching has distinctive advantages of high efficiency and lower cost, enabling efficiently extracts of valuable metal resources from copper sulfides. Moreover, during long-term industrial applications of bioleaching, many regulatory enhancements and technological methods are used to accelerate the interfacial reactions. With advances in microbial genetic and sequencing technologies, bacterial communities and their mechanisms in bioleaching systems have been revealed gradually. The bacterial proliferation and dissolution of sulfide ores by a bacterial community depends on the pH, temperature, oxygen, reaction product regulation, additives, and passivation substances, among other factors. The internal relationship among the influencing factors and the succession of microorganism diversity are discussed and reviewed in this paper. This paper is intended to provide a good reference for studies related to enhanced bioleaching.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(No.51722401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-18-003C1)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51734001)。
文摘Ore particles,especially fine interlayers,commonly segregate in heap stacking,leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds.Computed tomography(CT),COMSOL Multiphysics,and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers.The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds.Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking.CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers(24.21%)was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores(37.42%),which directly affected the formation of flow paths.Specifically,the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped.Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds.Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity(1.8×10^-5 m/s)suddenly increased.Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2×10^-5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation for Excellent Youth of China(No.51722401)the State Key Research Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0600704)the Key Program of Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51734001).
文摘The chemical binder is one of the critical factors affecting ore agglomeration behavior and leaching efficiency.In this study,we in-vestigated the effect of the type of binder and mass fraction of the H_(2)SO_(4)solution used on the curing,soaking,and leaching behavior of ag-glomerations.The results revealed that Portland cement(3CaO·SiO_(2),2CaO·SiO_(2),and 3CaO·Al_(2)O_(3))was the optimal binder for obtaining a well-shaped,stable agglomeration structure.A higher extraction rate was achieved when using Portland cement than that obtained using sodi-um silicate,gypsum,or acid-proof cement.An excessive geometric mean size is not conducive to obtaining well-shaped agglomerations and desirable porosity.Using computed tomography(CT)and MATLAB,the porosity of two-dimensional CT images in sample concentrations L1-L3 was observed to increase at least 4.5vol%after acid leaching.Ore agglomerations began to be heavily destroyed and even to disinteg-rate when the sulfuric acid solution concentration was higher than 30 g/L,which was caused by the excessive accumulation of reaction products and residuals.
文摘Primary giant-cell tumors rarely arise in the common bile duct. We herein report a case of primary giant-cell tumor of the common bile duct. The patient was an 81-year-old male who was diagnosed with a well-defined 1.2-cm mass projecting into the lumen of the middle common bile duct. Excision of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct and a Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomy were performed. Histologically, the tumor had no association with carcinomas of epithelial origin and was similar to giant-cell tumors of the bone. The tumor consisted of a mixture of mononuclear and multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells. The mononuclear cells showed no atypical features, and their nuclei were similar to those of the multinucleated giant cells. CD68 was expressed on the mononuclear and multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, whereas CD163 immunoreactivity was restricted to the mononuclear cells. Six months after the operation, the patient was still alive and had no recurrence. The interest of this case lies in the rarity of this entity, the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis, and this tumor’s possible confusion with other malignant tumors.
基金the Foundation for Beijing Science and Technology Development of TCM,No.JJ2016-10the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovative Talents Training Project from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,No.Z171100001717006.
文摘BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal,with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors,and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%.The standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and further adjuvant temozolomide.However,the prognosis remains poor and longterm survival is rare.This report aimed to demonstrate a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.CASE SUMMARY A patient was referred to the Department of Neurosurgery with an intracranial space-occupying lesion with a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm.The tumor was compressing functional areas,and the patient accordingly underwent partial resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The imaging and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma differentiation(World Health Organization IV).The patient was finally diagnosed with glioblastoma.However,the patient discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects,and was prescribed Kangliu pill(KLP)7.5 g three times/d,which he has continued to date.Significant shrinkage of the tumor(maximum diameter reduced from about 3.5 to about 2 cm)was found after 3 mo of KLP therapy,and the tumor was further reduced to about 1 cm after 3 years.The patient’s symptoms of headache,limb weakness,and left hemiplegia were relieved,with no side effects.CONCLUSION KLP has been a successful intervention for glioblastoma, and the current caseindicates that traditional Chinese medicine may offer effective alternativetherapies for glioblastoma.
文摘The Jing-well point temperatures test method is a method to diagnose and guide the treatment of diseases by measuring the subjects' symmetrical well point temperature. it is improved from the method of knowing heat sensitivity. The application of Jing-well point temperatures test method is wide, and it can be used in internal and external gynecology and pediatrics and facial features department. at the same time, it has the advantage of objective and accurate diagnosis. The old law has some shortcomings, such as poor intuition, unavoidable omission of information, incomplete interpretation of information and so on. In this paper, Excel software is used to transform the data into line chart form, which improves the intuition and comprehensiveness of this method, so that the data can be better interpreted and used. It is newly proposed in this article that in addition to observing the longitudinal di fference of well point temperature, more attention should be paid to the horizontal contrast difference of well point temperature in different meridians. The article also summarizes a number of treatment methods, including acupuncture, moxa moxibustion, cupping and scraping, and the selection of acupoints, including mother acupoints, tenderness points and heat-sensitive moxibustion, so that doctors can combine traditional Chinese medicine professional knowledge in clinic.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Program(No.2014-2-2013)the Beijing Excellent Talent Training Project Grant(No.201600026833ZK07)+1 种基金the National Science-Technology Support Plan(No.2014BAI04B02)the Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(No.PXM 2019_026283_000002).
文摘Background:Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1)and IDH2 genes are important for both the integrated diagnosis and the prognosis of diffuse gliomas.The p.R132H mutation of IDH1 is the most frequently observed IDH mutation,while IDH2 mutations were relatively rarely studied.The aim of the study was to determine the pathological and genetic characteristics of lowergrade gliomas that carry IDH2 mutations.Methods:Data from 238 adult patients with lower-grade gliomas were retrospectively analyzed.The status of IDH1/2 gene mutations,telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)promoter mutations,O^6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase(MGMT)promoter methylation,1p/19q co-deletion and the expressions of IDH1 R132H,alpha-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation,and p53 were evaluated.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were calculated via Kaplan-Meier estimation using the log-rank test.Results:Totally,71%(169/238)of patients were positive for IDH mutations,including 12 patients harboring mutations in IDH2.Among the 12 patients with IDH2 mutations,ten patients harbored the R172K mutation,one patient harbored the R172S mutation and one harbored the R172W mutation.Of these,11 tumors occurred in the frontal lobe and showed morphology typical of oligodendroglioma.The proportion of grade II tumors was higher than that of grade III tumors in IDH2 mutant-gliomas.IDH2 mutations were frequently associated with TERT promoter mutations,1p/19q co-deletion and MGMT promoter methylation.IDH2 mutations were associated with better outcomes compared with IDH wild-type gliomas(P<0.05).However,the PFS and OS did not differ from that of IDH1 mutant patients(P=0.95 and P=0.60,respectively).Conclusions:IDH2 mutations are more frequent in oligodendrogliomas and associated with a better prognosis.IDH2 mutations may segregate in distinct clinico-pathological and genetic subtypes of gliomas,and therefore may merit routine investigation.
文摘To the Editor: The Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is a rare congenital malformation involving the posterior fossa. Diagnosis of the DWM is based on a series of characteristic neuroimaging findings, which include complete or partial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, and enlarged posterior fossa.[1] Several malformation syndromes and cytogenetic abnormalities have been associated with the DWM. However, the co-existence of the DWM and neoplasms is rare.[2] There are rare reports of the co-existence of the DWM and ganglioglioma.
文摘To the Editor:Intracranial lipomas(ICLs)are very rare congenital malformative lesions accounting for about 0.1%to 1.7%of all intracranial tumors.[1,2]Herein we describe a rare case of a lipoma affecting the cerebral interhemispheric cisterns in association with malformations of cortical development(MCD),hypogenesis of the corpus callosum,and abnormal vasculature.
基金This work was supported by the Beijing Excellent Talents Training Project,China(No.201600026833ZK07)the Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project,China(No.CIT&TCD201904091)。
文摘To the Editor:A 68-year-old man presented with a 2-month aphasia.Magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an abnormal signal in the left temporal lobe with heterogenous enhancement[Figure 1A].Glioma was considered,and the patient underwent total tumor resection.Microscopic examination of the resected tumor showed a high-grade glial tumor with pleomorphic cells,elevated mitotic activity,microvascular proliferation,and pseudopalisading necrosis[Figure 1B and Figure 1C].Part of the lesion contained round cells with perinuclear halos.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81470074 and No. 81401040）, Clinical Fund from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Committee （No. Z 141107002514117）, and Beijing Municipal Government Fund （No. PXM2017_026283_000002）.
文摘To the Editor： Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease （CMT） is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited neuropathy, with Type 1 A being the most common. CMT IA is characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of the distal limb muscles beginning in the peroneal group, mild distal sensory loss, diminished tendon reflexes, and slow nerve conduction velocity . Spinal nerve root hypertrophy is a distinct sign of CMT 1A. This sign can be detected on magnetic resonance images （MRI）, but it is often overlooked. Instead, diagnosis of this disease is often made basing on biopsy and genetic testing.
