AIM: To investigate the early mortality of placebo-treated alcoholic hepatitis patients. METHODS: Mortality data about alcoholic hepatitis patients who participated in randomized placebo-controlled trials were searche...AIM: To investigate the early mortality of placebo-treated alcoholic hepatitis patients. METHODS: Mortality data about alcoholic hepatitis patients who participated in randomized placebo-controlled trials were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 661 placebo-treated patients in 19 trials were included. The overall mortality rate was 34.19% with a median observation time of 160 d (range 21-720 d). Hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection were the three main causes of death, accounting for 55.47%, 21.17% and 7.30% of all deaths, respectively. One-month mortality data about 324 placebo-treated alcoholic hepatitis patients in 10 trials were reported with a pooled mortality rate of 20.37%. The one-month mortality rate of patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis tended to be higherthan that of general patients (22.69% vs 10.93%, P < 0.05), whereas no signifi cant difference was observed between the patients from North America or Europe (22.43% vs 18.45%, P > 0.05), neither any difference was found between the studies published before and after 1990 (18.18% vs 21.88%, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe liver disease with a high mortality rate, and hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection are the three main causes of death.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Because of difficulty in evaluating fatty liver disease in islander populations, we conducted a crosssectional study to investigate the prevalence of fatty liver and its risk factors inan islander populati...BACKGROUND: Because of difficulty in evaluating fatty liver disease in islander populations, we conducted a crosssectional study to investigate the prevalence of fatty liver and its risk factors inan islander population of East China. METHODS: Randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling from the islander population was used in a population-based case-control study. Then interview, physical examination, and ultrasonography were done. RESULTS: Univariate logistic-regression analysis showed that male gender, smoking, daily alcohol intake >= 20 g, duration of drinking >= 5 years, total alcohol intake >= 36.5 kg, hypertension and obesity were closely related to fatty liver (all P < 0.05). Multivariate stepwise logistic-regression analysis showed duration of drinking >= 5 years and obesity were closely related to fatty liver (both P<0.05), the oddsratio (OR) (95% CI) was 1.954 (1.364-2.799) and 7.014 (4.919-10.002), respectively. The prevalence of fatty liver in this district was 40.0%. The prevalence of fatty liver in the non-obese and < 5 years drinking group, the non-obese and >= 5 years drinking group, the obese and < 5 years drinking group and the obese and >= 5 years drinking group were 15.43%, 26.73%, 56.78% and 71.521/6, respectively. A doseresponse relation between the duration of drinking and fatty liver was not apparent. After stratification by obesity, we found that the severity of fatty liver on ultrasonography was positively correlated with the duration of drinking level in the obese and non-obese groups, Pearson's correlation coefficients were 0.29:3 in the obese group and 0.178 in the non-obese group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The duration of drinking >= 5 years and obesity were two important risk factors for fatty liver in the islander population of East China. The prevalence of fatty liver in this population was high. An alcoholic threshold effect may be more important than a doseresponse effect on the morbidity offatty liver.展开更多
AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixt...AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.展开更多
基金Supported by Chinese State Key Project for High Technology, No. 2006AA02A308National Key Technology R&D Program, No. 2008BAI52B03Science and Technology Foundation of Zhejiang Province, No. 2008C13027-1
文摘AIM: To investigate the early mortality of placebo-treated alcoholic hepatitis patients. METHODS: Mortality data about alcoholic hepatitis patients who participated in randomized placebo-controlled trials were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 661 placebo-treated patients in 19 trials were included. The overall mortality rate was 34.19% with a median observation time of 160 d (range 21-720 d). Hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection were the three main causes of death, accounting for 55.47%, 21.17% and 7.30% of all deaths, respectively. One-month mortality data about 324 placebo-treated alcoholic hepatitis patients in 10 trials were reported with a pooled mortality rate of 20.37%. The one-month mortality rate of patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis tended to be higherthan that of general patients (22.69% vs 10.93%, P < 0.05), whereas no signifi cant difference was observed between the patients from North America or Europe (22.43% vs 18.45%, P > 0.05), neither any difference was found between the studies published before and after 1990 (18.18% vs 21.88%, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe liver disease with a high mortality rate, and hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection are the three main causes of death.
文摘BACKGROUND: Because of difficulty in evaluating fatty liver disease in islander populations, we conducted a crosssectional study to investigate the prevalence of fatty liver and its risk factors inan islander population of East China. METHODS: Randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling from the islander population was used in a population-based case-control study. Then interview, physical examination, and ultrasonography were done. RESULTS: Univariate logistic-regression analysis showed that male gender, smoking, daily alcohol intake >= 20 g, duration of drinking >= 5 years, total alcohol intake >= 36.5 kg, hypertension and obesity were closely related to fatty liver (all P < 0.05). Multivariate stepwise logistic-regression analysis showed duration of drinking >= 5 years and obesity were closely related to fatty liver (both P<0.05), the oddsratio (OR) (95% CI) was 1.954 (1.364-2.799) and 7.014 (4.919-10.002), respectively. The prevalence of fatty liver in this district was 40.0%. The prevalence of fatty liver in the non-obese and < 5 years drinking group, the non-obese and >= 5 years drinking group, the obese and < 5 years drinking group and the obese and >= 5 years drinking group were 15.43%, 26.73%, 56.78% and 71.521/6, respectively. A doseresponse relation between the duration of drinking and fatty liver was not apparent. After stratification by obesity, we found that the severity of fatty liver on ultrasonography was positively correlated with the duration of drinking level in the obese and non-obese groups, Pearson's correlation coefficients were 0.29:3 in the obese group and 0.178 in the non-obese group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The duration of drinking >= 5 years and obesity were two important risk factors for fatty liver in the islander population of East China. The prevalence of fatty liver in this population was high. An alcoholic threshold effect may be more important than a doseresponse effect on the morbidity offatty liver.
基金Supported by Medical and Health Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China, No. 2007B040, 2007B039
文摘AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.
