A novel scheme to suppress both stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) by combining an alternating frequency(AF) laser and a transverse magnetic field is proposed. The AF laser allow...A novel scheme to suppress both stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) by combining an alternating frequency(AF) laser and a transverse magnetic field is proposed. The AF laser allows the laser frequency to change discretely and alternately over time. The suppression of SBS is significant as long as the AF difference is greater than the linear growth rate of SBS or the alternating time of the laser frequency is shorter than the linear growth time of SBS. However, the AF laser proves ineffective in suppressing SRS, which usually has a much higher linear growth rate than SBS. To remedy that, a transverse magnetic field is included to suppress the SRS instability. The electrons trapped in the electron plasma waves(EPWs) of SRS can be accelerated by the surfatron mechanism in a transverse magnetic field and eventually detrapped. While continuously extracting energy from EPWs, the EPWs are dissipated and the kinetic inflation of SRS is suppressed. The one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results show that both SBS and SRS can be effectively suppressed by combining the AF laser with a transverse magnetic field with tens of Tesla. The total reflectivity can be dramatically reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results provide a potential reference for controlling SBS and SRS under the related parameters of inertial confinement fusion.展开更多
BACKGROUND Characteristics of alterations of serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) RNA in different chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients still cannot be fully explained. Whether HBV RNA can predict HBeAg seroconversion is still c...BACKGROUND Characteristics of alterations of serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) RNA in different chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients still cannot be fully explained. Whether HBV RNA can predict HBeAg seroconversion is still controversial.AIM To investigate whether HBV RNA can predict virological response or HBeAg seroconversion during entecavir(ETV) treatment when HBV DNA is undetectable.METHODS The present study evaluated 61 individuals who were diagnosed and treated with long-term ETV monotherapy at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Peking University First Hospital(China) from September 2006 to December 2007.Finally, 30 treatment-naive individuals were included. Serum HBV RNA were extracted from 140 μL serum samples at two time points. Then they were reverse transcribed to cDNA with the HBV-specific primer. The product was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-PCR) using TAMARA probes. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS 20.0.RESULTS Level of serum HBV RNA at baseline was 4.15 ± 0.90 log10 copies/mL. HBV RNA levels showed no significant difference between the virological response(VR)and partial VR(PVR) groups at baseline(P = 0.940). Serum HBV RNA significantly decreased among patients who achieved a VR during ETV therapy(P < 0.001). The levels of HBV RNA in both HBeAg-positive patients with seroconversion group and those with no seroconversion increased after 24 wk of treatment. Overall, HBV RNA significantly but mildly correlated to HBsAg(r =0.265, P = 0.041), and HBV RNA was not correlated to HBV DNA(r = 0.242, P =0.062). Furthermore, serum HBV RNA was an independent indicator for predicting HBeAg seroconversion and virological response. HBeAg seroconversion was more likely in CHB patients with HBV RNA levels below4.12 log10 copies/mL before treatment.CONLUSION The level of serum HBV RNA could predict HBeAg seroconversion and PVR during treatment. In the PVR group, the level of serum HBV RNA tends to be increasing.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with metformin on insulin resistance-related inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Method...Objective: To study the effects of Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with metformin on insulin resistance-related inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: PCOS patients who received therapy in Panzhihua Maternal and Child Care Service Centre between June 2013 and February 2013 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, combined therapy group received Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with metformin therapy for two months, and metformin group received metformin therapy for continuous two months. After serum pickup, the follicular fluid was collected to determine the expression of insulin signaling pathway molecules as well as the protein levels of inflammatory response indexes and oxidative stress response indexes. Results:Serum IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3K, AKT and GLUT4 mRNA expression of combined therapy group were greatly higher than those of metformin group whereas GSK-3β mRNA expression was significantly lower than that of metformin group;serum NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, ROS, MDA and 8-OHdG protein levels of combined therapy group were greatly below those of metformin group and negatively correlated with IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNA expression whereas TAC and SOD levels were higher than those of metformin group and positively correlated with IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with metformin can reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response to improve the insulin resistance and increase the insulin sensitivity in patients with PCOS.展开更多
INTERRUPTED aortic arch(IAA)is a rare congenital malformation that occurs in 5.8 per million live births.1IAA was thought to be incompatible with life once the ductus arteriosus closed.However,if extensive collateral ...INTERRUPTED aortic arch(IAA)is a rare congenital malformation that occurs in 5.8 per million live births.1IAA was thought to be incompatible with life once the ductus arteriosus closed.However,if extensive collateral circulation is present at birth survival is possible.We report an unusual case of IAA,who was treated successfully with extra-anatomic aortic repair under deep hypothermia circulatory arrest.展开更多
AIM To determine the expression and localization of the electrogenic Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC1) in rat pancreas during development. METHODS The rat pancreas from postnatal and embryos removed from the uterus of ...AIM To determine the expression and localization of the electrogenic Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC1) in rat pancreas during development. METHODS The rat pancreas from postnatal and embryos removed from the uterus of pregnant rats that had been sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation were used. Rat pancreas from embryonic day(E) 15.5 and E18.5 rat embryos was isolated under a stereomicroscope. Rat pancreas from postnatal(P) days 0, 7, 14, 21 and adult was directly isolated by the unaided eye. The RT-PCR analysis of the NBC1 specific region on rat pancreastissues from different developmental stages. The two antibodies which target the NBC1 common COOHterminal region and NH2-terminal region detected a clear band of about 145 k Da in the Western blot analysis. The localization of NBC1 was examined by immuno-fluorescence detection. RESULTS The results revealed the first peak of NBC1 expression at E18.5 and the second peak at P14. Meanwhile, the low NBC1 expression occurred at P7 and adult stages. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of NBC1 in the plasma membrane of β and α cells, as well as in the basolateral membrane of acinar cells of the rat pancreas at different stages of development. CONCLUSION The data strongly suggests that NBC1 is diversely expressed in the pancreas at different developmental stages, where it may exert its functions in pancreatic development especially islet cell growth through HCO_3^- transport and pH regulation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate influence of Pimecrilimus Cream therapy on serum inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with eczematous dermatitis.Methods: A total of 112 cases of patients with eczematous derma...Objective:To investigate influence of Pimecrilimus Cream therapy on serum inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with eczematous dermatitis.Methods: A total of 112 cases of patients with eczematous dermatitis treated in our hospital from Mar 2015 to May 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and observation group, 56 cases each. For control group, Hydrocortisone butyrate onitment therapy was utilized. For observation group, 1% Pimecrilimus cream was used for treatment. Variations of interferon inflammation factors-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and immune function (T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) relevant indexes in two groups of patients before and one month after treatment were observed and compared.Results:Comparison of inflammatory factor levels: IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in two groups of patients after treatment were decreased with different extent comparing with the same group before treatment, differences were significant. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in observation group (31.27±6.45, 30.54±5.64, 38.66±4.73) ng/L were lower than levels in control group after treatment (37.49±5.69, 36.44±5.51, 55.31±4.62) ng/L, differences were significant;Comparison of immune function levels: CD3+ and CD4+ levels in two groups of patients after treatment were significantly increased comparing with the same group before treatment, CD3+, CD4+ levels in observation group after treatment (65.53±3.31, 34.55±2.27)% were higher than levels in control group after treatment (60.38±3.16, 32.65±2.16)%, differences were significant;Levels of CD8+ concentration in two groups of patients after treatment were significantly decreased comparing with the same group before treatment. CD8+ levels in observation group after treatment (24.17±2.05)% were lower than control group after treatment (27.63±2.46)%, differences were significant.Conclusion:1% Pimecrilimus cream treatment could effectively improve serum inflammatory factor levels and immune function of patients with eczematous dermatitis, which deserved clinical expansion.展开更多
Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)can cause liver fibrosis and lead to cirrhosis and cancer.As the effectiveness of antiviral therapy to reverse liver fibrosis is limited,We aimed to evaluate the effect of A...Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)can cause liver fibrosis and lead to cirrhosis and cancer.As the effectiveness of antiviral therapy to reverse liver fibrosis is limited,We aimed to evaluate the effect of An-Luo-Hua-Xian pill(ALHX)on fibrosis regression in CHB patients treated with entecavir(ETV).Methods:Treatment-naïve patients with CHB were randomly treated with ETV alone or combined with ALHX(ETV+ALHX)between October 1,2013 and December 31,2020.Demographic,laboratory,and liver histology data before and after 78 weeks of treatment were collected.The Ishak fibrosis score(F)was used and fibrosis regression required a decrease in F of≥1 after treatment.Results:A total of 780 patients were enrolled,and 394 with a second liver biopsy after treatment were included in the per-protocol population,132 in ETV group and 262 in ETV+ALHX group.After 78 weeks of treatment,the fibrosis regression rate in the ETV+ALHX group was significantly higher than that of the ETV group at baseline F≥3 patients:124/211(58.8%)vs.45/98(45.9%),p=0.035.The percentage of patients with a decreased liver stiffness measurement(LSM)was higher in the ETV+ALHX group:156/211(73.9%)vs.62/98(63.%),p=0.056.Logistic regression analysis showed that ETV combined with ALHX was associated with fibrosis regression[odds ratio(OR)=1.94,p=0.018],and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma was on the contrary.(OR=0.41,p=0.031).Conclusions:ETV combined with ALHX increased liver fibrosis regression in CHB patients.展开更多
We review the present status and future prospects of fast ignition(FI) research of the theoretical group at the IAPCM(Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing) as a part of the inertial conf...We review the present status and future prospects of fast ignition(FI) research of the theoretical group at the IAPCM(Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing) as a part of the inertial confinement fusion project. Since the approval of the FI project at the IAPCM, we have devoted our efforts to improving the integrated codes for FI and designing advanced targets together with the experimental group. Recent FI experiments [K. U. Akli et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 065402(2012)] showed that the petawatt laser beam energy was not efficiently converted into the compressed core because of the beam divergence of relativistic electron beams. The coupling efficiency can be improved in three ways:(1) using a cone–wire-in-shell advanced target to enhance the transport efficiency,(2) using external magnetic fields to collimate fast electrons, and(3) reducing the prepulse level of the petawatt laser beam. The integrated codes for FI, named ICFI, including a radiation hydrodynamic code, a particle-in-cell(PIC) simulation code,and a hybrid fluid–PIC code, have been developed to design this advanced target at the IAPCM. The Shenguang-II upgraded laser facility has been constructed for FI research; it consists of eight beams(in total 24 kJ/3ω, 3 ns) for implosion compression, and a heating laser beam(0.5–1 kJ, 3–5 ps) for generating the relativistic electron beam. A fully integrated FI experiment is scheduled for the 2014 project.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11975059 and 12005021)。
文摘A novel scheme to suppress both stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) by combining an alternating frequency(AF) laser and a transverse magnetic field is proposed. The AF laser allows the laser frequency to change discretely and alternately over time. The suppression of SBS is significant as long as the AF difference is greater than the linear growth rate of SBS or the alternating time of the laser frequency is shorter than the linear growth time of SBS. However, the AF laser proves ineffective in suppressing SRS, which usually has a much higher linear growth rate than SBS. To remedy that, a transverse magnetic field is included to suppress the SRS instability. The electrons trapped in the electron plasma waves(EPWs) of SRS can be accelerated by the surfatron mechanism in a transverse magnetic field and eventually detrapped. While continuously extracting energy from EPWs, the EPWs are dissipated and the kinetic inflation of SRS is suppressed. The one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results show that both SBS and SRS can be effectively suppressed by combining the AF laser with a transverse magnetic field with tens of Tesla. The total reflectivity can be dramatically reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results provide a potential reference for controlling SBS and SRS under the related parameters of inertial confinement fusion.
文摘BACKGROUND Characteristics of alterations of serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) RNA in different chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients still cannot be fully explained. Whether HBV RNA can predict HBeAg seroconversion is still controversial.AIM To investigate whether HBV RNA can predict virological response or HBeAg seroconversion during entecavir(ETV) treatment when HBV DNA is undetectable.METHODS The present study evaluated 61 individuals who were diagnosed and treated with long-term ETV monotherapy at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Peking University First Hospital(China) from September 2006 to December 2007.Finally, 30 treatment-naive individuals were included. Serum HBV RNA were extracted from 140 μL serum samples at two time points. Then they were reverse transcribed to cDNA with the HBV-specific primer. The product was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-PCR) using TAMARA probes. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS 20.0.RESULTS Level of serum HBV RNA at baseline was 4.15 ± 0.90 log10 copies/mL. HBV RNA levels showed no significant difference between the virological response(VR)and partial VR(PVR) groups at baseline(P = 0.940). Serum HBV RNA significantly decreased among patients who achieved a VR during ETV therapy(P < 0.001). The levels of HBV RNA in both HBeAg-positive patients with seroconversion group and those with no seroconversion increased after 24 wk of treatment. Overall, HBV RNA significantly but mildly correlated to HBsAg(r =0.265, P = 0.041), and HBV RNA was not correlated to HBV DNA(r = 0.242, P =0.062). Furthermore, serum HBV RNA was an independent indicator for predicting HBeAg seroconversion and virological response. HBeAg seroconversion was more likely in CHB patients with HBV RNA levels below4.12 log10 copies/mL before treatment.CONLUSION The level of serum HBV RNA could predict HBeAg seroconversion and PVR during treatment. In the PVR group, the level of serum HBV RNA tends to be increasing.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with metformin on insulin resistance-related inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: PCOS patients who received therapy in Panzhihua Maternal and Child Care Service Centre between June 2013 and February 2013 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, combined therapy group received Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with metformin therapy for two months, and metformin group received metformin therapy for continuous two months. After serum pickup, the follicular fluid was collected to determine the expression of insulin signaling pathway molecules as well as the protein levels of inflammatory response indexes and oxidative stress response indexes. Results:Serum IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3K, AKT and GLUT4 mRNA expression of combined therapy group were greatly higher than those of metformin group whereas GSK-3β mRNA expression was significantly lower than that of metformin group;serum NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, ROS, MDA and 8-OHdG protein levels of combined therapy group were greatly below those of metformin group and negatively correlated with IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNA expression whereas TAC and SOD levels were higher than those of metformin group and positively correlated with IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with metformin can reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response to improve the insulin resistance and increase the insulin sensitivity in patients with PCOS.
文摘INTERRUPTED aortic arch(IAA)is a rare congenital malformation that occurs in 5.8 per million live births.1IAA was thought to be incompatible with life once the ductus arteriosus closed.However,if extensive collateral circulation is present at birth survival is possible.We report an unusual case of IAA,who was treated successfully with extra-anatomic aortic repair under deep hypothermia circulatory arrest.
基金Supported by Development of Medical Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province,No.YKK13205
文摘AIM To determine the expression and localization of the electrogenic Na^+/HCO_3^- cotransporter(NBC1) in rat pancreas during development. METHODS The rat pancreas from postnatal and embryos removed from the uterus of pregnant rats that had been sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation were used. Rat pancreas from embryonic day(E) 15.5 and E18.5 rat embryos was isolated under a stereomicroscope. Rat pancreas from postnatal(P) days 0, 7, 14, 21 and adult was directly isolated by the unaided eye. The RT-PCR analysis of the NBC1 specific region on rat pancreastissues from different developmental stages. The two antibodies which target the NBC1 common COOHterminal region and NH2-terminal region detected a clear band of about 145 k Da in the Western blot analysis. The localization of NBC1 was examined by immuno-fluorescence detection. RESULTS The results revealed the first peak of NBC1 expression at E18.5 and the second peak at P14. Meanwhile, the low NBC1 expression occurred at P7 and adult stages. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of NBC1 in the plasma membrane of β and α cells, as well as in the basolateral membrane of acinar cells of the rat pancreas at different stages of development. CONCLUSION The data strongly suggests that NBC1 is diversely expressed in the pancreas at different developmental stages, where it may exert its functions in pancreatic development especially islet cell growth through HCO_3^- transport and pH regulation.
文摘Objective:To investigate influence of Pimecrilimus Cream therapy on serum inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with eczematous dermatitis.Methods: A total of 112 cases of patients with eczematous dermatitis treated in our hospital from Mar 2015 to May 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and observation group, 56 cases each. For control group, Hydrocortisone butyrate onitment therapy was utilized. For observation group, 1% Pimecrilimus cream was used for treatment. Variations of interferon inflammation factors-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and immune function (T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) relevant indexes in two groups of patients before and one month after treatment were observed and compared.Results:Comparison of inflammatory factor levels: IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in two groups of patients after treatment were decreased with different extent comparing with the same group before treatment, differences were significant. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in observation group (31.27±6.45, 30.54±5.64, 38.66±4.73) ng/L were lower than levels in control group after treatment (37.49±5.69, 36.44±5.51, 55.31±4.62) ng/L, differences were significant;Comparison of immune function levels: CD3+ and CD4+ levels in two groups of patients after treatment were significantly increased comparing with the same group before treatment, CD3+, CD4+ levels in observation group after treatment (65.53±3.31, 34.55±2.27)% were higher than levels in control group after treatment (60.38±3.16, 32.65±2.16)%, differences were significant;Levels of CD8+ concentration in two groups of patients after treatment were significantly decreased comparing with the same group before treatment. CD8+ levels in observation group after treatment (24.17±2.05)% were lower than control group after treatment (27.63±2.46)%, differences were significant.Conclusion:1% Pimecrilimus cream treatment could effectively improve serum inflammatory factor levels and immune function of patients with eczematous dermatitis, which deserved clinical expansion.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project (2013ZX10002005 and 2017ZX10203202).
文摘Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)can cause liver fibrosis and lead to cirrhosis and cancer.As the effectiveness of antiviral therapy to reverse liver fibrosis is limited,We aimed to evaluate the effect of An-Luo-Hua-Xian pill(ALHX)on fibrosis regression in CHB patients treated with entecavir(ETV).Methods:Treatment-naïve patients with CHB were randomly treated with ETV alone or combined with ALHX(ETV+ALHX)between October 1,2013 and December 31,2020.Demographic,laboratory,and liver histology data before and after 78 weeks of treatment were collected.The Ishak fibrosis score(F)was used and fibrosis regression required a decrease in F of≥1 after treatment.Results:A total of 780 patients were enrolled,and 394 with a second liver biopsy after treatment were included in the per-protocol population,132 in ETV group and 262 in ETV+ALHX group.After 78 weeks of treatment,the fibrosis regression rate in the ETV+ALHX group was significantly higher than that of the ETV group at baseline F≥3 patients:124/211(58.8%)vs.45/98(45.9%),p=0.035.The percentage of patients with a decreased liver stiffness measurement(LSM)was higher in the ETV+ALHX group:156/211(73.9%)vs.62/98(63.%),p=0.056.Logistic regression analysis showed that ETV combined with ALHX was associated with fibrosis regression[odds ratio(OR)=1.94,p=0.018],and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma was on the contrary.(OR=0.41,p=0.031).Conclusions:ETV combined with ALHX increased liver fibrosis regression in CHB patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11275028, 11105016 and 91230205)
文摘We review the present status and future prospects of fast ignition(FI) research of the theoretical group at the IAPCM(Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing) as a part of the inertial confinement fusion project. Since the approval of the FI project at the IAPCM, we have devoted our efforts to improving the integrated codes for FI and designing advanced targets together with the experimental group. Recent FI experiments [K. U. Akli et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 065402(2012)] showed that the petawatt laser beam energy was not efficiently converted into the compressed core because of the beam divergence of relativistic electron beams. The coupling efficiency can be improved in three ways:(1) using a cone–wire-in-shell advanced target to enhance the transport efficiency,(2) using external magnetic fields to collimate fast electrons, and(3) reducing the prepulse level of the petawatt laser beam. The integrated codes for FI, named ICFI, including a radiation hydrodynamic code, a particle-in-cell(PIC) simulation code,and a hybrid fluid–PIC code, have been developed to design this advanced target at the IAPCM. The Shenguang-II upgraded laser facility has been constructed for FI research; it consists of eight beams(in total 24 kJ/3ω, 3 ns) for implosion compression, and a heating laser beam(0.5–1 kJ, 3–5 ps) for generating the relativistic electron beam. A fully integrated FI experiment is scheduled for the 2014 project.
