As a facility used for astronomical research, the Lijiang 2.4-m telescope of Yunnan Astronomical Observatories, requires the ability to change one auxiliary instrument with another in as short a time as possible. This...As a facility used for astronomical research, the Lijiang 2.4-m telescope of Yunnan Astronomical Observatories, requires the ability to change one auxiliary instrument with another in as short a time as possible. This arises from the need to quickly respond to scientific programs （e.g. transient observation, time domain studies） and changes in observation conditions （e.g. seeing and weather conditions）. In this paper, we describe the design, construction and test of hardware and software in the rapid instrument exchange system （RIES） for the Cassegrain focal station of this telescope, which enables instruments to be quickly changed at night without much loss of observing time. Tests in the laboratory and at the telescope show that the image quality and pointing accuracy of RIES are satisfactory. With RIES, we observed the same Landolt standard stars almost at the same time with the Princeton Instruments VersArray 1300B Camera （PICCD） and the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera （YFOSC）, while both were mounted at the Cassegrain focus. A quasi-simultaneous comparison shows that the image quality of the optical system inside the YFOSC is comparable with that provided by the PICCD.展开更多
Glaciers are crucial water resources for arid inland rivers in Northwest China.In recent decades,glaciers are largely experiencing shrinkage under the climate-warming scenario,thereby exerting tremendous influences on...Glaciers are crucial water resources for arid inland rivers in Northwest China.In recent decades,glaciers are largely experiencing shrinkage under the climate-warming scenario,thereby exerting tremendous influences on regional water resources.The primary role of understudying watershed scale glacier changes under changing climatic conditions is to ensure sustainable utilization of regional water resources,to prevent and mitigate glacier-related disasters.This study maps the current(2020)distribution of glacier boundaries across the Kaidu-Kongque river basin,south slope of Tianshan Mountains,and monitors the spatial evolution of glaciers over five time periods from 2000-2020 through thresholded band ratios approach,using 25 Landsat images at 30 m resolution.In addition,this study attempts to understand the role of climate characteristics for variable response of glacier area.The results show that the total area of glaciers was 398.21 km^(2)in 2020.The glaciers retreated by about 1.17 km^(2)/a(0.26%/a)from 2000 to 2020.The glaciers were reducing at a significantly rapid rate between 2000 and 2005,a slow rate from 2005 to 2015,and an accelerated rate during 2015-2020.The meteorological data shows slight increasing trends of mean annual temperature(0.02℃/a)and annual precipitation(2.07 mm/a).The correlation analysis demonstrates that the role of temperature presents more significant correlation with glacier recession than precipitation.There is a temporal hysteresis in the response of glacier change to climate change.Increasing trend of temperature in summer proves to be the driving force behind the Kaidu-Kongque basin glacier recession during the recent 20 years.展开更多
Accurately building the relationship between the oceanographic environment and the distribution of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)is very important to understand the potential habitat pattern of O.bartramii....Accurately building the relationship between the oceanographic environment and the distribution of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)is very important to understand the potential habitat pattern of O.bartramii.However,when building the prediction model of O.bartramii with traditional oceanographic variables(e.g.,chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a)and sea surface temperature(SST))from space-borne observations,part of the important spectrum characteristics of the oceanic surface could be masked by using the satellite data products directly.In this study,the neglected remote sensing information(i.e.,spectral remote sensing reflectance(Rrs)and brightness temperature(BT))is firstly incorporated to build the prediction model of catch per unit effort(CPUE)of O.bartramii from July to December during 2014–2018 in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.Results show that both the conventional oceanographic variables and the neglected remote sensing data are suitable for building the prediction model,whereas the overall root mean square error(RMSE)of the predicted CPUE of O.bartramii with the former is typically less accurate than that with the latter.Hence,the Rrs and BT could be a more suitable data source than the Chl a and SST to predict the distribution of O.bartramii,highlighting that the potential value of the neglected variables in understanding the habitat suitability of O.bartramii.展开更多
In 2016,an exposure meter was installed on the Lijiang Fiber-fed High-Resolution Spectrograph to monitor the coupling of starlight to the science fiber during observations.Based on it,we investigated a method to estim...In 2016,an exposure meter was installed on the Lijiang Fiber-fed High-Resolution Spectrograph to monitor the coupling of starlight to the science fiber during observations.Based on it,we investigated a method to estimate the exposure flux of the CCD in real time by using the counts of the photomultiplier tubes(PMT)of the exposure meter,and developed a piece of software to optimize the control of the exposure time.First,by using flat-field lamp observations,we determined that there is a linear and proportional relationship between the total counts of the PMT and the exposure flux of the CCD.Second,using historical observations of different spectral types,the corresponding relational conversion factors were determined and obtained separately.Third,the method was validated using actual observation data,which showed that all values of the coefficient of determination were greater than 0.92.Finally,software was developed to display the counts of the PMT and the estimated exposure flux of the CCD in real-time during the observation,providing a visual reference for optimizing the exposure time control.展开更多
航空转台是进行地面仿真的关键设备,其控制系统的随动性对地面仿真结果有很大影响。围绕航空转台的控制结构和算法策略,提出使用粒子群优化算法迭代寻优以保证论域最佳的变论域模糊比例积分微分(proportion integral differential, PID...航空转台是进行地面仿真的关键设备,其控制系统的随动性对地面仿真结果有很大影响。围绕航空转台的控制结构和算法策略,提出使用粒子群优化算法迭代寻优以保证论域最佳的变论域模糊比例积分微分(proportion integral differential, PID)控制策略。以MATLAB作为仿真环境,分析本文所提算法策略的优化效果,仿真结果表明该控制策略相较于常规PID的时间乘绝对误差积分准则(ITAE)指标有显著提升。搭建以可编程多轴运动控制卡(programmable multi-axes controller, PMAC)控制器为核心的航空转台实物测试系统进行算法验证,实验结果表明,基于变论域模糊PID的航空转台控制系统可使航空转台的控制精度得以显著提升,超调量更小,调节时间更短,同时具备实用性,极大地提高了航空转台控制系统的随动性。展开更多
目的:探讨分析数字乳腺X线摄影与数字乳腺断层摄影(Digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)对乳腺"结构扭曲"(AD)样病变的诊断效能。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,搜集选取2015年8月-2019年10月我院行数字乳腺X线摄影及DBT的女性患者...目的:探讨分析数字乳腺X线摄影与数字乳腺断层摄影(Digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)对乳腺"结构扭曲"(AD)样病变的诊断效能。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,搜集选取2015年8月-2019年10月我院行数字乳腺X线摄影及DBT的女性患者,其主要影像学征象表现为AD,同时具有病理结果,并且除外具有外伤史、手术史及放化疗病史,共81例。运用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析,以病理结果为"金标准",分析其灵敏度、特异度,采用配对χ2检验进行比较,认为P<0.05差异具有统计学意义。根据计算公式(灵敏度+特异度-1)计算约登指数。结果:以病理结果为"金标准",数字乳腺X线摄影、DBT对乳腺AD样病变诊断的灵敏度分别为68.2%、88.6%,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.049(P<0.05),二者差异具有统计学意义。联合诊断对乳腺AD样病变诊断的灵敏度为97.7%,与单独数字乳腺X线摄影(68.2%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.001(P<0.05),二者差异具有统计学意义;与单独DBT(88.6%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.219(P>0.05),二者差异无统计学意义。数字乳腺X线摄影、DBT对乳腺AD样病变诊断的特异度分别为67.6%、56.8%,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.388(P>0.05),二者差异无统计学意义。联合诊断对乳腺AD样病变诊断的特异度为32.8%,与单独数字乳腺X线摄影(67.6%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P<0.001,二者差异具有统计学意义;与单独DBT(56.8%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.039(P<0.05),二者差异具有统计学意义。数字乳腺X线摄影、DBT及联合诊断的约登指数分别为35.8%、45.4%、32.8%。结论:DBT对乳腺AD样病变的诊断效能总体优于数字乳腺X线摄影。联合诊断与数字乳腺X线摄影相比也可以提高病灶的检出率,但与DBT无明显差异。展开更多
Ototoxic drug-induced apoptosis of inner ear cells has been shown to be associated with calpain expression. Cisplatin has severe ototoxicity, and can induce cochlear cell apoptosis. This study assumed that cisplatin a...Ototoxic drug-induced apoptosis of inner ear cells has been shown to be associated with calpain expression. Cisplatin has severe ototoxicity, and can induce cochlear cell apoptosis. This study assumed that cisplatin activated calpain expression in apoptotic cochlear cells. A mouse model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was established by intraperitoneal injection with cisplatin （2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 mg/kg）. Immunofluorescence staining, image analysis and western blotting were used to detect the expression of calpain 1 and calpain 2 in the mouse cochlea. At the same time, the auditory brainstem response was measured to observe the change in hearing. Results revealed that after intraperitoneal injection with cisplatin for 5 days, the auditory brainstem response threshold shifts increased in mice. Calpain 1 and calpain 2 expression significantly increased in outer hair cells, the spiral ganglion and stria vascularis. Calpain 2 protein expression markedly increased with an increased dose of cisplatin. Results suggested that calpain 1 and calpain 2 mediated cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in BALB/c mice. During this process, calpain 2 plays a leading role.展开更多
Under the fact that considerable explo ration and production of unconventional re sources and wo rsening global climate,reducing carbon emission and rationally utilizing carbon resources have been drawn increasing att...Under the fact that considerable explo ration and production of unconventional re sources and wo rsening global climate,reducing carbon emission and rationally utilizing carbon resources have been drawn increasing attention.Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2)) has been proposed as anhydrous fracturing fluid to develop unconventional reservoirs,since its advantages of reducing water consumption,reservoir contamination etc.Well understanding of SC-CO_(2)fracturing mechanism and key influencing factors will exert significant impact on the application of this technology in the field.In this paper,the fundamental studies on SC-CO_(2)fracturing from the aspects of laboratory experiment and simulation are reviewed.The fracturing experimental setups,fracture monitoring and characterizing methods,unconventional formation categories,numerical simulation approaches,fracturing mechanism and field application etc.,are analyzed.The fundamental study results indicate that compared with conventional hydraulic fracturing,SC-CO_(2)fracturing can reduce fracture initiation pressure and easily induce complex fracture networks with multiple branches.The field test further verifies the application prospect and the possibility of carbon storage.However,due to the limitation of reservoir complexity and attributes of SC-CO_(2),massive challenges will be encountered in SC-CO_(2)fracturing.According to the current research status,the limitations in basic research and field application are summarized,and the future development direction of this technology and relevant suggestions are proposed.展开更多
The Lijiang 2.4-meter Telescope(LJT), the largest common-purpose optical telescope in China,has been available to the worldwide astronomical community since 2008. It is located at the Gaomeigu site,Lijiang Observatory...The Lijiang 2.4-meter Telescope(LJT), the largest common-purpose optical telescope in China,has been available to the worldwide astronomical community since 2008. It is located at the Gaomeigu site,Lijiang Observatory(LJO), in the southwest of China. The site has very good observational conditions.During its 10-year operation, several instruments have been equipped on the LJT. Astronomers can perform both photometric and spectral observations. The main scientific goals of LJT include recording photometric and spectral evolution of supernovae, reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei, investigating the physical properties of binary stars and near-earth objects(comets and asteroids), and identification of exoplanets and all kinds of transients. Until now, the masses of 41 high accretion rate black holes have been measured, and more than 168 supernovae have been identified by the LJT. More than 190 papers related to the LJT have been published. In this paper, the general observation conditions of the Gaomeigu site is introduced at first. Then, the structure of the LJT is described in detail, including the optical, mechanical, motion and control system. The specification of all the instruments and some detailed parameters of the YFOSC is also presented. Finally, some important scientific results and future expectations are summarized.展开更多
We installed two sets of Astronomical Site Monitoring Systems(ASMSs)at Lijiang Observatory(GMG),for the running of the 2.4-meter Lijiang optical telescope(LJT)and the 1.6-meter Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telesco...We installed two sets of Astronomical Site Monitoring Systems(ASMSs)at Lijiang Observatory(GMG),for the running of the 2.4-meter Lijiang optical telescope(LJT)and the 1.6-meter Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope(Mephisto).The Mephisto is under construction.The ASMS has been running on robotic mode since 2017.The core instruments:Cloud Sensor,All-Sky Camera and AutonomousDIMM that are developed by our group,together with the commercial Meteorological Station and Sky Quality Meter,are combined into the astronomical optical site monitoring system.The new Cloud Sensor's Cloud-Clear Relationship is presented for the first time,which is used to calculate the All-Sky cloud cover.We designed the Autonomous-DIMM located on a tower,with the same height as LJT.The seeing data have been observed for a full year.ASMS's data for the year 2019 are also analysed in detail,which are valuable to observers.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘As a facility used for astronomical research, the Lijiang 2.4-m telescope of Yunnan Astronomical Observatories, requires the ability to change one auxiliary instrument with another in as short a time as possible. This arises from the need to quickly respond to scientific programs （e.g. transient observation, time domain studies） and changes in observation conditions （e.g. seeing and weather conditions）. In this paper, we describe the design, construction and test of hardware and software in the rapid instrument exchange system （RIES） for the Cassegrain focal station of this telescope, which enables instruments to be quickly changed at night without much loss of observing time. Tests in the laboratory and at the telescope show that the image quality and pointing accuracy of RIES are satisfactory. With RIES, we observed the same Landolt standard stars almost at the same time with the Princeton Instruments VersArray 1300B Camera （PICCD） and the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera （YFOSC）, while both were mounted at the Cassegrain focus. A quasi-simultaneous comparison shows that the image quality of the optical system inside the YFOSC is comparable with that provided by the PICCD.
基金This work was supported by the project of China Geology Survey(DD20190315)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2019TD-040)+1 种基金“Integration of Groundwater Resources Assessment Results in Key Areas of Northwest China”programKey Laboratory of Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi-arid Areas of China Geological Survey.
文摘Glaciers are crucial water resources for arid inland rivers in Northwest China.In recent decades,glaciers are largely experiencing shrinkage under the climate-warming scenario,thereby exerting tremendous influences on regional water resources.The primary role of understudying watershed scale glacier changes under changing climatic conditions is to ensure sustainable utilization of regional water resources,to prevent and mitigate glacier-related disasters.This study maps the current(2020)distribution of glacier boundaries across the Kaidu-Kongque river basin,south slope of Tianshan Mountains,and monitors the spatial evolution of glaciers over five time periods from 2000-2020 through thresholded band ratios approach,using 25 Landsat images at 30 m resolution.In addition,this study attempts to understand the role of climate characteristics for variable response of glacier area.The results show that the total area of glaciers was 398.21 km^(2)in 2020.The glaciers retreated by about 1.17 km^(2)/a(0.26%/a)from 2000 to 2020.The glaciers were reducing at a significantly rapid rate between 2000 and 2005,a slow rate from 2005 to 2015,and an accelerated rate during 2015-2020.The meteorological data shows slight increasing trends of mean annual temperature(0.02℃/a)and annual precipitation(2.07 mm/a).The correlation analysis demonstrates that the role of temperature presents more significant correlation with glacier recession than precipitation.There is a temporal hysteresis in the response of glacier change to climate change.Increasing trend of temperature in summer proves to be the driving force behind the Kaidu-Kongque basin glacier recession during the recent 20 years.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2019YFD0901404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42174016+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan under contract No.19DZ1207502the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract No.QNHX2324。
文摘Accurately building the relationship between the oceanographic environment and the distribution of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)is very important to understand the potential habitat pattern of O.bartramii.However,when building the prediction model of O.bartramii with traditional oceanographic variables(e.g.,chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a)and sea surface temperature(SST))from space-borne observations,part of the important spectrum characteristics of the oceanic surface could be masked by using the satellite data products directly.In this study,the neglected remote sensing information(i.e.,spectral remote sensing reflectance(Rrs)and brightness temperature(BT))is firstly incorporated to build the prediction model of catch per unit effort(CPUE)of O.bartramii from July to December during 2014–2018 in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.Results show that both the conventional oceanographic variables and the neglected remote sensing data are suitable for building the prediction model,whereas the overall root mean square error(RMSE)of the predicted CPUE of O.bartramii with the former is typically less accurate than that with the latter.Hence,the Rrs and BT could be a more suitable data source than the Chl a and SST to predict the distribution of O.bartramii,highlighting that the potential value of the neglected variables in understanding the habitat suitability of O.bartramii.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.11803088,12003068 and 12063002)Civil Aerospace preresearch project D020302+2 种基金the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with NO.CMS-CSST-2021-B10Yunnan Science Foundation of China(202001AU070077)SinoGerman Scientist Mobility Programme M-0086。
文摘In 2016,an exposure meter was installed on the Lijiang Fiber-fed High-Resolution Spectrograph to monitor the coupling of starlight to the science fiber during observations.Based on it,we investigated a method to estimate the exposure flux of the CCD in real time by using the counts of the photomultiplier tubes(PMT)of the exposure meter,and developed a piece of software to optimize the control of the exposure time.First,by using flat-field lamp observations,we determined that there is a linear and proportional relationship between the total counts of the PMT and the exposure flux of the CCD.Second,using historical observations of different spectral types,the corresponding relational conversion factors were determined and obtained separately.Third,the method was validated using actual observation data,which showed that all values of the coefficient of determination were greater than 0.92.Finally,software was developed to display the counts of the PMT and the estimated exposure flux of the CCD in real-time during the observation,providing a visual reference for optimizing the exposure time control.
文摘目的:探讨分析数字乳腺X线摄影与数字乳腺断层摄影(Digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)对乳腺"结构扭曲"(AD)样病变的诊断效能。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,搜集选取2015年8月-2019年10月我院行数字乳腺X线摄影及DBT的女性患者,其主要影像学征象表现为AD,同时具有病理结果,并且除外具有外伤史、手术史及放化疗病史,共81例。运用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析,以病理结果为"金标准",分析其灵敏度、特异度,采用配对χ2检验进行比较,认为P<0.05差异具有统计学意义。根据计算公式(灵敏度+特异度-1)计算约登指数。结果:以病理结果为"金标准",数字乳腺X线摄影、DBT对乳腺AD样病变诊断的灵敏度分别为68.2%、88.6%,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.049(P<0.05),二者差异具有统计学意义。联合诊断对乳腺AD样病变诊断的灵敏度为97.7%,与单独数字乳腺X线摄影(68.2%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.001(P<0.05),二者差异具有统计学意义;与单独DBT(88.6%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.219(P>0.05),二者差异无统计学意义。数字乳腺X线摄影、DBT对乳腺AD样病变诊断的特异度分别为67.6%、56.8%,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.388(P>0.05),二者差异无统计学意义。联合诊断对乳腺AD样病变诊断的特异度为32.8%,与单独数字乳腺X线摄影(67.6%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P<0.001,二者差异具有统计学意义;与单独DBT(56.8%)比较,根据配对卡方检验,P=0.039(P<0.05),二者差异具有统计学意义。数字乳腺X线摄影、DBT及联合诊断的约登指数分别为35.8%、45.4%、32.8%。结论:DBT对乳腺AD样病变的诊断效能总体优于数字乳腺X线摄影。联合诊断与数字乳腺X线摄影相比也可以提高病灶的检出率,但与DBT无明显差异。
基金funded by the Scientific Technology Project of Technology Department of Liaoning Province,No.2011225015
文摘Ototoxic drug-induced apoptosis of inner ear cells has been shown to be associated with calpain expression. Cisplatin has severe ototoxicity, and can induce cochlear cell apoptosis. This study assumed that cisplatin activated calpain expression in apoptotic cochlear cells. A mouse model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was established by intraperitoneal injection with cisplatin （2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 mg/kg）. Immunofluorescence staining, image analysis and western blotting were used to detect the expression of calpain 1 and calpain 2 in the mouse cochlea. At the same time, the auditory brainstem response was measured to observe the change in hearing. Results revealed that after intraperitoneal injection with cisplatin for 5 days, the auditory brainstem response threshold shifts increased in mice. Calpain 1 and calpain 2 expression significantly increased in outer hair cells, the spiral ganglion and stria vascularis. Calpain 2 protein expression markedly increased with an increased dose of cisplatin. Results suggested that calpain 1 and calpain 2 mediated cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in BALB/c mice. During this process, calpain 2 plays a leading role.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51922107,51874318,51827804and 41961144026)
文摘Under the fact that considerable explo ration and production of unconventional re sources and wo rsening global climate,reducing carbon emission and rationally utilizing carbon resources have been drawn increasing attention.Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2)) has been proposed as anhydrous fracturing fluid to develop unconventional reservoirs,since its advantages of reducing water consumption,reservoir contamination etc.Well understanding of SC-CO_(2)fracturing mechanism and key influencing factors will exert significant impact on the application of this technology in the field.In this paper,the fundamental studies on SC-CO_(2)fracturing from the aspects of laboratory experiment and simulation are reviewed.The fracturing experimental setups,fracture monitoring and characterizing methods,unconventional formation categories,numerical simulation approaches,fracturing mechanism and field application etc.,are analyzed.The fundamental study results indicate that compared with conventional hydraulic fracturing,SC-CO_(2)fracturing can reduce fracture initiation pressure and easily induce complex fracture networks with multiple branches.The field test further verifies the application prospect and the possibility of carbon storage.However,due to the limitation of reservoir complexity and attributes of SC-CO_(2),massive challenges will be encountered in SC-CO_(2)fracturing.According to the current research status,the limitations in basic research and field application are summarized,and the future development direction of this technology and relevant suggestions are proposed.
基金supported by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy (U1631127, U1631129 and U1831204) under cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11473068, 11603072 and 11573067)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0404603)supported by the Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
文摘The Lijiang 2.4-meter Telescope(LJT), the largest common-purpose optical telescope in China,has been available to the worldwide astronomical community since 2008. It is located at the Gaomeigu site,Lijiang Observatory(LJO), in the southwest of China. The site has very good observational conditions.During its 10-year operation, several instruments have been equipped on the LJT. Astronomers can perform both photometric and spectral observations. The main scientific goals of LJT include recording photometric and spectral evolution of supernovae, reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei, investigating the physical properties of binary stars and near-earth objects(comets and asteroids), and identification of exoplanets and all kinds of transients. Until now, the masses of 41 high accretion rate black holes have been measured, and more than 168 supernovae have been identified by the LJT. More than 190 papers related to the LJT have been published. In this paper, the general observation conditions of the Gaomeigu site is introduced at first. Then, the structure of the LJT is described in detail, including the optical, mechanical, motion and control system. The specification of all the instruments and some detailed parameters of the YFOSC is also presented. Finally, some important scientific results and future expectations are summarized.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11991051,11203073,11573067,11873092 and 11803087)the CAS“Light of West China”Program(No.Y8XB018001)。
文摘We installed two sets of Astronomical Site Monitoring Systems(ASMSs)at Lijiang Observatory(GMG),for the running of the 2.4-meter Lijiang optical telescope(LJT)and the 1.6-meter Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope(Mephisto).The Mephisto is under construction.The ASMS has been running on robotic mode since 2017.The core instruments:Cloud Sensor,All-Sky Camera and AutonomousDIMM that are developed by our group,together with the commercial Meteorological Station and Sky Quality Meter,are combined into the astronomical optical site monitoring system.The new Cloud Sensor's Cloud-Clear Relationship is presented for the first time,which is used to calculate the All-Sky cloud cover.We designed the Autonomous-DIMM located on a tower,with the same height as LJT.The seeing data have been observed for a full year.ASMS's data for the year 2019 are also analysed in detail,which are valuable to observers.
