In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a gene...In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.展开更多
As a clean and renewable form of energy,photovoltaic(PV)power generation converts solar energy into electrical energy,reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions.Amidst...As a clean and renewable form of energy,photovoltaic(PV)power generation converts solar energy into electrical energy,reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions.Amidst the global transition towards cleaner forms of energy,countries all around the world are vigorously developing PV technology.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitors augment the antitumor activity of T cells by inhibiting the negative regulatory pathway of T cells,leading to notable efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and othe...Immune checkpoint inhibitors augment the antitumor activity of T cells by inhibiting the negative regulatory pathway of T cells,leading to notable efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and other malignancies through immunotherapy utilization.However,secondary malignant liver tumors not only lower the liver's sensitivity to immunotherapy but also trigger systemic immune suppression,resulting in reduced overall effectiveness of immune therapy.Patients receiving immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma experience reduced response rates,progression-free survival,and overall survival when secondary malignant tumors develop in the liver.Through Liu's retrospective analysis,valuable insights are provided for the future clinical management of these patients.Therefore,in patients with gastric cancer(GC),the occurrence of liver metastasis might be indicative of reduced efficacy of immuno-therapy.Overcoming liver immune tolerance mechanisms and their negative impacts allows for the potential benefits of immunotherapy in patients with GC and liver metastasis.INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer(GC)ranks among the prevalent malignancies affecting the digestive system globally.Based on the latest epidemiological data[1,2],it holds the fifth position for incidence and the fourth position for mortality among all malignant tumors.GC cases and fatalities in China make up roughly half of the worldwide figures.Earlier investigations[3]have demonstrated that the median overall survival(mOS)among advanced GC patients left untreated typically ranges from 3 to 4 months.Systemic chemotherapy recipients often experience a mOS of around one year,accompanied by a marked improvement in the quality of life among patients with advanced GC.The mainstay of treatment for advanced GC patients involves chemotherapeutic medications such as fluoropyrimidines,platinum compounds,and taxanes.However,their efficacy in tumor control is constrained by acquired resistance and primary resistance.The rise of personalized precision therapy has propelled immunotherapy into the spotlight as a crucial component of comprehensive treatment[4].By blocking the negative regulatory pathways of T cells,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)boost the anti-tumor effect of T cells.Immunotherapy has brought about significant therapeutic benefits for patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and related illnesses[5,6],instilling newfound hope in those with advanced GC[7].However,phase III clinical trial data[8-12]reveals that the incorporation of immunotherapy into chemotherapy regimens improves overall survival(OS)outcomes for patients with advanced GC.The liver's immune-exempt nature renders it less responsive to immunotherapy when secondary malignant tumors are present,fostering systemic immune suppression and yielding unfavorable outcomes in immune therapy[13-15].In retrospective research[16-20]pertaining to non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma,it has been observed that the presence of secondary liver malignancies may lower the response rate,progression-free survival(PFS),and OS rates in patients treated with immunotherapy,independent of factors such as tumor mutation burden and PD-L1 expression.Despite this,there is a paucity of studies examining whether the existence of secondary malignant liver tumors affects the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with advanced HER-2 negative GC.展开更多
We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates...We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).展开更多
The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened devices.However,owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm,the physical area o...The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened devices.However,owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm,the physical area of a standard 6T SRAM unit is approximately 0.16μm^(2),resulting in a significant enhancement of multi-cell charge-sharing effects.Multiple-cell upsets(MCUs)have become the primary physical mechanism behind single-event upsets(SEUs)in advanced nanometer node devices.The range of ionization track effects increases with higher ion energies,and spacecraft in orbit primarily experience SEUs caused by high-energy ions.However,ground accelerator experiments have mainly obtained low-energy ion irradiation data.Therefore,the impact of ion energy on the SEU cross section,charge collection mechanisms,and MCU patterns and quantities in advanced nanometer devices remains unclear.In this study,based on the experimental platform of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,low-and high-energy heavy-ion beams were used to study the SEUs of 28 nm SRAM devices.The influence of ion energy on the charge collection processes of small-sensitive-volume devices,MCU patterns,and upset cross sections was obtained,and the applicable range of the inverse cosine law was clarified.The findings of this study are an important guide for the accurate evaluation of SEUs in advanced nanometer devices and for the development of radiation-hardening techniques.展开更多
As an ingenious convergence between the Internet of Things and social networks,the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)can provide effective and intelligent information services and has become one of the main platforms for...As an ingenious convergence between the Internet of Things and social networks,the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)can provide effective and intelligent information services and has become one of the main platforms for people to spread and share information.Nevertheless,SIoT is characterized by high openness and autonomy,multiple kinds of information can spread rapidly,freely and cooperatively in SIoT,which makes it challenging to accurately reveal the characteristics of the information diffusion process and effectively control its diffusion.To this end,with the aim of exploring multi-information cooperative diffusion processes in SIoT,we first develop a dynamics model for multi-information cooperative diffusion based on the system dynamics theory in this paper.Subsequently,the characteristics and laws of the dynamical evolution process of multi-information cooperative diffusion are theoretically investigated,and the diffusion trend is predicted.On this basis,to further control the multi-information cooperative diffusion process efficiently,we propose two control strategies for information diffusion with control objectives,develop an optimal control system for the multi-information cooperative diffusion process,and propose the corresponding optimal control method.The optimal solution distribution of the control strategy satisfying the control system constraints and the control budget constraints is solved using the optimal control theory.Finally,extensive simulation experiments based on real dataset from Twitter validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model,strategy and method.展开更多
All polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)promise mechanically-flexible and morphologically-stable organic photovoltaics and have aroused increased interests very recently.However,due to their disorderly conformation structure...All polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)promise mechanically-flexible and morphologically-stable organic photovoltaics and have aroused increased interests very recently.However,due to their disorderly conformation structures within the photoactive film,inefficient charge generation and carrier transport are observed which lead to inferior photovoltaic performance compared to smaller molecular acceptor-based photovoltaics.Here,by diluting PM6 with a cutting-edge polymeric acceptor PY-IT and diluting PY-IT with PM6 or D18,donor-dominating or acceptor-dominating heterojunctions were prepared.Synchrotron X-ray and multiple spectrometer techniques reveal that the diluted heterojunctions receive increased structural order,translating to enhanced carrier mobility,improved exciton diffusion length,and suppressed non-radiative recombination loss during the power conversion.As the results,the corresponding PM6+1%PY-IT/PY-IT+1%D18 and PM6+1%PY-IT/PY-IT+1%PM6 devices fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition received superior power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 19.4%and 18.8%respectively,along with enhanced operational lifetimes in air,outperforming the PCE of 17.5%in the PM6/PY-IT reference device.展开更多
It is crucial to ensure workers wear safety helmets when working at a workplace with a high risk of safety accidents,such as construction sites and mine tunnels.Although existing methods can achieve helmet detection i...It is crucial to ensure workers wear safety helmets when working at a workplace with a high risk of safety accidents,such as construction sites and mine tunnels.Although existing methods can achieve helmet detection in images,their accuracy and speed still need improvements since complex,cluttered,and large-scale scenes of real workplaces cause server occlusion,illumination change,scale variation,and perspective distortion.So,a new safety helmet-wearing detection method based on deep learning is proposed.Firstly,a new multi-scale contextual aggregation module is proposed to aggregate multi-scale feature information globally and highlight the details of concerned objects in the backbone part of the deep neural network.Secondly,a new detection block combining the dilate convolution and attention mechanism is proposed and introduced into the prediction part.This block can effectively extract deep featureswhile retaining information on fine-grained details,such as edges and small objects.Moreover,some newly emerged modules are incorporated into the proposed network to improve safety helmetwearing detection performance further.Extensive experiments on open dataset validate the proposed method.It reaches better performance on helmet-wearing detection and even outperforms the state-of-the-art method.To be more specific,the mAP increases by 3.4%,and the speed increases from17 to 33 fps in comparison with the baseline,You Only Look Once(YOLO)version 5X,and themean average precision increases by 1.0%and the speed increases by 7 fps in comparison with the YOLO version 7.The generalization ability and portability experiment results show that the proposed improvements could serve as a springboard for deep neural network design to improve object detection performance in complex scenarios.展开更多
The suppression of low-frequency vibration and noise has always been an important issue in a wide range of engineering applications.To address this concern,a novel square hierarchical honeycomb metamaterial capable of...The suppression of low-frequency vibration and noise has always been an important issue in a wide range of engineering applications.To address this concern,a novel square hierarchical honeycomb metamaterial capable of reducing low-frequency noise has been developed.By combining Bloch’s theorem with the finite element method,the band structure is calculated.Numerical results indicate that this metamaterial can produce multiple low-frequency bandgaps within 500 Hz,with a bandgap ratio exceeding 50%.The first bandgap spans from 169.57 Hz to 216.42 Hz.To reveal the formation mechanism of the bandgap,a vibrational mode analysis is performed.Numerical analysis demonstrates that the bandgap is attributed to the suppression of elastic wave propagation by the vibrations of the structure’s two protruding corners and overall expansion vibrations.Additionally,detailed parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the effect ofθ,i.e.,the angle between the protruding corner of the structure and the horizontal direction,on the band structures and the total effective bandgap width.It is found that reducingθis conducive to obtaining lower frequency bandgaps.The propagation characteristics of elastic waves in the structure are explored by the group velocity,phase velocity,and wave propagation direction.Finally,the transmission characteristics of a finite periodic structure are investigated experimentally.The results indicate significant acceleration amplitude attenuation within the bandgap range,confirming the structure’s excellent low-frequency vibration suppression capability.展开更多
In recent years,with the extensive application of immunotherapy in clinical practice,it has achieved encouraging therapeutic effects.While enhancing clinical efficacy,however,it can also cause autoimmune damage,trigge...In recent years,with the extensive application of immunotherapy in clinical practice,it has achieved encouraging therapeutic effects.While enhancing clinical efficacy,however,it can also cause autoimmune damage,triggering immunerelated adverse events(irAEs).Reports of immunotherapy-induced gastritis have been increasing annually,but due to its atypical clinical symptoms,early diagnosis poses a certain challenge.Furthermore,it can lead to severe complications such as gastric bleeding,elevating the risk of adverse outcomes for solid tumor patients if immunotherapy is interrupted.Therefore,gaining a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic criteria,and treatment of immune-related gastritis is of utmost importance for early identification,diagnosis,and treatment.Additionally,the treatment of immune-related gastritis should be personalized according to the specific condition of each patient.For patients with grade 2-3 irAEs,restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)therapy may be considered when symptoms subside to grade 0-1.When restarting ICIs therapy,it is often recommended to use different types of ICIs.For grade 4 irAEs,permanent discontinuation of the medication is necessary.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of bladder cancer cells and the potential mechanisms.Me...Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of bladder cancer cells and the potential mechanisms.Methods Cell invasion,migration,and wound healing assays were conducted to assess the effects of MEG3 on the invasive and migratory capabilities of bladder cancer cells.The expression levels of E-cadherin were measured using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and dual luciferase reporter assays.RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays were performed to investigate the interactions between MEG3 and its downstream targets.Results MEG3 suppressed the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells and modulated the transcription of E-cadherin.The binding of MEG3 to the zinc finger region of the transcription factor Snail prevented its ability to transcriptionally repress E-cadherin.Additionally,MEG3 suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and P38,thereby decreasing the expression of Snail and stimulating the expression of E-cadherin.Conclusion MEG3 plays a vital role in suppressing the EMT in bladder cancer cells,indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.展开更多
Objective To determine the factors that contribute to the survival of elderly individuals diagnosed with brain glioma and develop a prognostic nomogram.Methods Data from elderly individuals(age≥65 years)histologicall...Objective To determine the factors that contribute to the survival of elderly individuals diagnosed with brain glioma and develop a prognostic nomogram.Methods Data from elderly individuals(age≥65 years)histologically diagnosed with brain glioma were sourced from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.The dataset was randomly divided into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort at a 6:4 ratio.Additionally,data obtained from Tangdu Hospital constituted an external validation cohort for the study.The identification of independent prognostic factors was achieved through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and multivariate Cox regression analysis,enabling the construction of a nomogram.Model performance was evaluated using C-index,ROC curves,calibration plot and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results A cohort of 20483 elderly glioma patients was selected from the SEER database.Five prognostic factors(age,marital status,histological type,stage,and treatment)were found to significantly impact overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS),with tumor location emerging as a sixth variable independently linked to CSS.Subsequently,nomogram models were developed to predict the probabilities of survival at 6,12,and 24 months.The assessment findings from the validation queue indicate a that the model exhibited strong performance.Conclusion Our nomograms serve as valuable prognostic tools for assessing the survival probability of elderly glioma patients.They can potentially assist in risk stratification and clinical decision-making.展开更多
Graphene aerogel(GA),as a novel solid material,has shown great potential in engineering applications due to its unique mechanical properties.In this study,the mechanical performance of GA under high-velocity projectil...Graphene aerogel(GA),as a novel solid material,has shown great potential in engineering applications due to its unique mechanical properties.In this study,the mechanical performance of GA under high-velocity projectile impacts is thoroughly investigated using full-atomic molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The study results show that the porous structure and density are key factors determining the mechanical response of GA under impact loading.Specifically,the impact-induced penetration of the projectile leads to the collapse of the pore structure,causing stretching and subsequent rupture of covalent bonds in graphene sheets.Moreover,the effects of temperature on the mechanical performance of GA have been proven to be minimal,thereby highlighting the mechanical stability of GA over a wide range of temperatures.Finally,the energy absorption density(EAD)and energy absorption efficiency(EAE)metrics are adopted to assess the energy absorption capacity of GA during projectile penetration.The research findings of this work demonstrate the significant potential of GA for energy absorption applications.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a multi-automated guided vehicles(AGV) routing planning method based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL)and recurrent neural network(RNN), specifically utilizing proximal policy optimi...Dear Editor,This letter presents a multi-automated guided vehicles(AGV) routing planning method based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL)and recurrent neural network(RNN), specifically utilizing proximal policy optimization(PPO) and long short-term memory(LSTM).展开更多
As a kind of natural energy from the earth’s interior,geothermal energy is characterized by large reserve,wide distribution,good stability,high utilization coefficient,and positive effects of energy-saving and emissi...As a kind of natural energy from the earth’s interior,geothermal energy is characterized by large reserve,wide distribution,good stability,high utilization coefficient,and positive effects of energy-saving and emission-reduction.It is of great significance for promoting green and low-carbon energy transition,reducing greenhouse gas emission,and achieving global climate goals and sustainable economic development.Hence,it has been highly recognized and valued by lots of countries around the world,and has become one of the most important clean energy sources that countries are accelerating to develop and utilize.The potential of the global geothermal energy resource is estimated to be 1.25×1027 J,equivalent to 4.27×10^(16) t of standard coal,among which the geothermal resource between 0 km and 5 km is 1.45×10^(26) J,equivalent to 4.95×1015 t of standard coal(China Geological Survey,2018).展开更多
●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation...●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation studies.Eighteen patients(18 eyes)who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included.The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling,while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad,external indentation instead of the silicone buckle.The retinal reattachment rate,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive dioptre and astigmatism degree,and complications were evaluated and recorded.●RESULTS:There were 7 males and 11 females aged 19-58y.The average time course of RRD was 12d,ranging from 7-20d.The retinal break was located in the superior quadrants in 8 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 10 eyes,with macula-off detachments in 12 eyes.The patients were followed-up for at least 6mo.The final retinal reattachment rate was 100%.The BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05).There was no significant change in refractive dioptre or astigmatism degree at each follow-up(all P>0.05).Three patients had transiently high IOPs within one week after surgery.Mild diplopia occurred in 5 patients after surgery and then disappeared after the balloon fluid was removed.●CONCLUSION:The success rate of FCB scleral buckling for RRD is satisfactory.This procedure can be expected to be applied in new,uncomplicated cases of RRD.展开更多
The fractured-vuggy carbonate oil resources in the western basin of China are extremely rich.The connectivity of carbonate reservoirs is complex,and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development and ...The fractured-vuggy carbonate oil resources in the western basin of China are extremely rich.The connectivity of carbonate reservoirs is complex,and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development and topological structure of the pore space in fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Thus,effective prediction of fractured-vuggy reservoirs is difficult.In view of this,this work employs adaptive point cloud technology to reproduce the shape and capture the characteristics of a fractured-vuggy reservoir.To identify the complex connectivity among pores,fractures,and vugs,a simplified one-dimensional connectivity model is established by using the meshless connection element method(CEM).Considering that different types of connection units have different flow characteristics,a sequential coupling calculation method that can efficiently calculate reservoir pressure and saturation is developed.By automatic history matching,the dynamic production data is fitted in real-time,and the characteristic parameters of the connection unit are inverted.Simulation results show that the three-dimensional connectivity model of the fractured-vuggy reservoir built in this work is as close as 90%of the fine grid model,while the dynamic simulation efficiency is much higher with good accuracy.展开更多
基金supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation(Grant No.189882)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41961134032)support provided by the New Investigator Award grant from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(Grant No.EP/V012169/1).
文摘In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.
文摘As a clean and renewable form of energy,photovoltaic(PV)power generation converts solar energy into electrical energy,reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions.Amidst the global transition towards cleaner forms of energy,countries all around the world are vigorously developing PV technology.
基金2021 Key Topic of Qinghai Provincial Health System–Guiding Plan Topic,No.2021-WJZDX-43.
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors augment the antitumor activity of T cells by inhibiting the negative regulatory pathway of T cells,leading to notable efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and other malignancies through immunotherapy utilization.However,secondary malignant liver tumors not only lower the liver's sensitivity to immunotherapy but also trigger systemic immune suppression,resulting in reduced overall effectiveness of immune therapy.Patients receiving immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma experience reduced response rates,progression-free survival,and overall survival when secondary malignant tumors develop in the liver.Through Liu's retrospective analysis,valuable insights are provided for the future clinical management of these patients.Therefore,in patients with gastric cancer(GC),the occurrence of liver metastasis might be indicative of reduced efficacy of immuno-therapy.Overcoming liver immune tolerance mechanisms and their negative impacts allows for the potential benefits of immunotherapy in patients with GC and liver metastasis.INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer(GC)ranks among the prevalent malignancies affecting the digestive system globally.Based on the latest epidemiological data[1,2],it holds the fifth position for incidence and the fourth position for mortality among all malignant tumors.GC cases and fatalities in China make up roughly half of the worldwide figures.Earlier investigations[3]have demonstrated that the median overall survival(mOS)among advanced GC patients left untreated typically ranges from 3 to 4 months.Systemic chemotherapy recipients often experience a mOS of around one year,accompanied by a marked improvement in the quality of life among patients with advanced GC.The mainstay of treatment for advanced GC patients involves chemotherapeutic medications such as fluoropyrimidines,platinum compounds,and taxanes.However,their efficacy in tumor control is constrained by acquired resistance and primary resistance.The rise of personalized precision therapy has propelled immunotherapy into the spotlight as a crucial component of comprehensive treatment[4].By blocking the negative regulatory pathways of T cells,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)boost the anti-tumor effect of T cells.Immunotherapy has brought about significant therapeutic benefits for patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer,melanoma,and related illnesses[5,6],instilling newfound hope in those with advanced GC[7].However,phase III clinical trial data[8-12]reveals that the incorporation of immunotherapy into chemotherapy regimens improves overall survival(OS)outcomes for patients with advanced GC.The liver's immune-exempt nature renders it less responsive to immunotherapy when secondary malignant tumors are present,fostering systemic immune suppression and yielding unfavorable outcomes in immune therapy[13-15].In retrospective research[16-20]pertaining to non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma,it has been observed that the presence of secondary liver malignancies may lower the response rate,progression-free survival(PFS),and OS rates in patients treated with immunotherapy,independent of factors such as tumor mutation burden and PD-L1 expression.Despite this,there is a paucity of studies examining whether the existence of secondary malignant liver tumors affects the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with advanced HER-2 negative GC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.U1831209 and U2031144)the research fund of Ankara University(BAP)through the project 18A0759001。
文摘We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12105341 and 12035019)the opening fund of Key Laboratory of Silicon Device and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KLSDTJJ2022-3).
文摘The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened devices.However,owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm,the physical area of a standard 6T SRAM unit is approximately 0.16μm^(2),resulting in a significant enhancement of multi-cell charge-sharing effects.Multiple-cell upsets(MCUs)have become the primary physical mechanism behind single-event upsets(SEUs)in advanced nanometer node devices.The range of ionization track effects increases with higher ion energies,and spacecraft in orbit primarily experience SEUs caused by high-energy ions.However,ground accelerator experiments have mainly obtained low-energy ion irradiation data.Therefore,the impact of ion energy on the SEU cross section,charge collection mechanisms,and MCU patterns and quantities in advanced nanometer devices remains unclear.In this study,based on the experimental platform of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,low-and high-energy heavy-ion beams were used to study the SEUs of 28 nm SRAM devices.The influence of ion energy on the charge collection processes of small-sensitive-volume devices,MCU patterns,and upset cross sections was obtained,and the applicable range of the inverse cosine law was clarified.The findings of this study are an important guide for the accurate evaluation of SEUs in advanced nanometer devices and for the development of radiation-hardening techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62102240,62071283)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M683421)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2020ZDLGY10-05).
文摘As an ingenious convergence between the Internet of Things and social networks,the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)can provide effective and intelligent information services and has become one of the main platforms for people to spread and share information.Nevertheless,SIoT is characterized by high openness and autonomy,multiple kinds of information can spread rapidly,freely and cooperatively in SIoT,which makes it challenging to accurately reveal the characteristics of the information diffusion process and effectively control its diffusion.To this end,with the aim of exploring multi-information cooperative diffusion processes in SIoT,we first develop a dynamics model for multi-information cooperative diffusion based on the system dynamics theory in this paper.Subsequently,the characteristics and laws of the dynamical evolution process of multi-information cooperative diffusion are theoretically investigated,and the diffusion trend is predicted.On this basis,to further control the multi-information cooperative diffusion process efficiently,we propose two control strategies for information diffusion with control objectives,develop an optimal control system for the multi-information cooperative diffusion process,and propose the corresponding optimal control method.The optimal solution distribution of the control strategy satisfying the control system constraints and the control budget constraints is solved using the optimal control theory.Finally,extensive simulation experiments based on real dataset from Twitter validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model,strategy and method.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2023BAB116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203238,52273196,52073221)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(WUT:2021III016JC).
文摘All polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)promise mechanically-flexible and morphologically-stable organic photovoltaics and have aroused increased interests very recently.However,due to their disorderly conformation structures within the photoactive film,inefficient charge generation and carrier transport are observed which lead to inferior photovoltaic performance compared to smaller molecular acceptor-based photovoltaics.Here,by diluting PM6 with a cutting-edge polymeric acceptor PY-IT and diluting PY-IT with PM6 or D18,donor-dominating or acceptor-dominating heterojunctions were prepared.Synchrotron X-ray and multiple spectrometer techniques reveal that the diluted heterojunctions receive increased structural order,translating to enhanced carrier mobility,improved exciton diffusion length,and suppressed non-radiative recombination loss during the power conversion.As the results,the corresponding PM6+1%PY-IT/PY-IT+1%D18 and PM6+1%PY-IT/PY-IT+1%PM6 devices fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition received superior power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 19.4%and 18.8%respectively,along with enhanced operational lifetimes in air,outperforming the PCE of 17.5%in the PM6/PY-IT reference device.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61772050,Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.4242053Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship of TDTEC(No.2022-TD-ZD004).
文摘It is crucial to ensure workers wear safety helmets when working at a workplace with a high risk of safety accidents,such as construction sites and mine tunnels.Although existing methods can achieve helmet detection in images,their accuracy and speed still need improvements since complex,cluttered,and large-scale scenes of real workplaces cause server occlusion,illumination change,scale variation,and perspective distortion.So,a new safety helmet-wearing detection method based on deep learning is proposed.Firstly,a new multi-scale contextual aggregation module is proposed to aggregate multi-scale feature information globally and highlight the details of concerned objects in the backbone part of the deep neural network.Secondly,a new detection block combining the dilate convolution and attention mechanism is proposed and introduced into the prediction part.This block can effectively extract deep featureswhile retaining information on fine-grained details,such as edges and small objects.Moreover,some newly emerged modules are incorporated into the proposed network to improve safety helmetwearing detection performance further.Extensive experiments on open dataset validate the proposed method.It reaches better performance on helmet-wearing detection and even outperforms the state-of-the-art method.To be more specific,the mAP increases by 3.4%,and the speed increases from17 to 33 fps in comparison with the baseline,You Only Look Once(YOLO)version 5X,and themean average precision increases by 1.0%and the speed increases by 7 fps in comparison with the YOLO version 7.The generalization ability and portability experiment results show that the proposed improvements could serve as a springboard for deep neural network design to improve object detection performance in complex scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12272219,12372019,12072222,12132010,12021002,and 11991032)the Open Projects of State Key Laboratory for Strength and Structural Integrity of China(No.ASSIKFJJ202303002)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures of China(No.SKLTESKF1901)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.ASFC-201915048001)。
文摘The suppression of low-frequency vibration and noise has always been an important issue in a wide range of engineering applications.To address this concern,a novel square hierarchical honeycomb metamaterial capable of reducing low-frequency noise has been developed.By combining Bloch’s theorem with the finite element method,the band structure is calculated.Numerical results indicate that this metamaterial can produce multiple low-frequency bandgaps within 500 Hz,with a bandgap ratio exceeding 50%.The first bandgap spans from 169.57 Hz to 216.42 Hz.To reveal the formation mechanism of the bandgap,a vibrational mode analysis is performed.Numerical analysis demonstrates that the bandgap is attributed to the suppression of elastic wave propagation by the vibrations of the structure’s two protruding corners and overall expansion vibrations.Additionally,detailed parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the effect ofθ,i.e.,the angle between the protruding corner of the structure and the horizontal direction,on the band structures and the total effective bandgap width.It is found that reducingθis conducive to obtaining lower frequency bandgaps.The propagation characteristics of elastic waves in the structure are explored by the group velocity,phase velocity,and wave propagation direction.Finally,the transmission characteristics of a finite periodic structure are investigated experimentally.The results indicate significant acceleration amplitude attenuation within the bandgap range,confirming the structure’s excellent low-frequency vibration suppression capability.
文摘In recent years,with the extensive application of immunotherapy in clinical practice,it has achieved encouraging therapeutic effects.While enhancing clinical efficacy,however,it can also cause autoimmune damage,triggering immunerelated adverse events(irAEs).Reports of immunotherapy-induced gastritis have been increasing annually,but due to its atypical clinical symptoms,early diagnosis poses a certain challenge.Furthermore,it can lead to severe complications such as gastric bleeding,elevating the risk of adverse outcomes for solid tumor patients if immunotherapy is interrupted.Therefore,gaining a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic criteria,and treatment of immune-related gastritis is of utmost importance for early identification,diagnosis,and treatment.Additionally,the treatment of immune-related gastritis should be personalized according to the specific condition of each patient.For patients with grade 2-3 irAEs,restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)therapy may be considered when symptoms subside to grade 0-1.When restarting ICIs therapy,it is often recommended to use different types of ICIs.For grade 4 irAEs,permanent discontinuation of the medication is necessary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82273443,81602234 and 81802538)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Nos.2017CFB637 and 2023AFB1041).
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of bladder cancer cells and the potential mechanisms.Methods Cell invasion,migration,and wound healing assays were conducted to assess the effects of MEG3 on the invasive and migratory capabilities of bladder cancer cells.The expression levels of E-cadherin were measured using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and dual luciferase reporter assays.RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays were performed to investigate the interactions between MEG3 and its downstream targets.Results MEG3 suppressed the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells and modulated the transcription of E-cadherin.The binding of MEG3 to the zinc finger region of the transcription factor Snail prevented its ability to transcriptionally repress E-cadherin.Additionally,MEG3 suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and P38,thereby decreasing the expression of Snail and stimulating the expression of E-cadherin.Conclusion MEG3 plays a vital role in suppressing the EMT in bladder cancer cells,indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
基金supported by the Fund for Distinguished Young Scientists of the Department of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-JQ-68).
文摘Objective To determine the factors that contribute to the survival of elderly individuals diagnosed with brain glioma and develop a prognostic nomogram.Methods Data from elderly individuals(age≥65 years)histologically diagnosed with brain glioma were sourced from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.The dataset was randomly divided into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort at a 6:4 ratio.Additionally,data obtained from Tangdu Hospital constituted an external validation cohort for the study.The identification of independent prognostic factors was achieved through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and multivariate Cox regression analysis,enabling the construction of a nomogram.Model performance was evaluated using C-index,ROC curves,calibration plot and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results A cohort of 20483 elderly glioma patients was selected from the SEER database.Five prognostic factors(age,marital status,histological type,stage,and treatment)were found to significantly impact overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS),with tumor location emerging as a sixth variable independently linked to CSS.Subsequently,nomogram models were developed to predict the probabilities of survival at 6,12,and 24 months.The assessment findings from the validation queue indicate a that the model exhibited strong performance.Conclusion Our nomograms serve as valuable prognostic tools for assessing the survival probability of elderly glioma patients.They can potentially assist in risk stratification and clinical decision-making.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12102256).
文摘Graphene aerogel(GA),as a novel solid material,has shown great potential in engineering applications due to its unique mechanical properties.In this study,the mechanical performance of GA under high-velocity projectile impacts is thoroughly investigated using full-atomic molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The study results show that the porous structure and density are key factors determining the mechanical response of GA under impact loading.Specifically,the impact-induced penetration of the projectile leads to the collapse of the pore structure,causing stretching and subsequent rupture of covalent bonds in graphene sheets.Moreover,the effects of temperature on the mechanical performance of GA have been proven to be minimal,thereby highlighting the mechanical stability of GA over a wide range of temperatures.Finally,the energy absorption density(EAD)and energy absorption efficiency(EAE)metrics are adopted to assess the energy absorption capacity of GA during projectile penetration.The research findings of this work demonstrate the significant potential of GA for energy absorption applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62202352,61902039,61972300)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Program of Guangdong Province (2021A1515110518)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2020ZDLGY09-04)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a multi-automated guided vehicles(AGV) routing planning method based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL)and recurrent neural network(RNN), specifically utilizing proximal policy optimization(PPO) and long short-term memory(LSTM).
文摘As a kind of natural energy from the earth’s interior,geothermal energy is characterized by large reserve,wide distribution,good stability,high utilization coefficient,and positive effects of energy-saving and emission-reduction.It is of great significance for promoting green and low-carbon energy transition,reducing greenhouse gas emission,and achieving global climate goals and sustainable economic development.Hence,it has been highly recognized and valued by lots of countries around the world,and has become one of the most important clean energy sources that countries are accelerating to develop and utilize.The potential of the global geothermal energy resource is estimated to be 1.25×1027 J,equivalent to 4.27×10^(16) t of standard coal,among which the geothermal resource between 0 km and 5 km is 1.45×10^(26) J,equivalent to 4.95×1015 t of standard coal(China Geological Survey,2018).
基金Supported by Xuzhou Health Outstanding Talents Project(No.XWJC001)Critical Special Project for Social Development of Xuzhou(No.KC21153)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission(No.XWKYHT20230039)Applied Basic Research Project of Xuzhou(No.KC23016).
文摘●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation studies.Eighteen patients(18 eyes)who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included.The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling,while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad,external indentation instead of the silicone buckle.The retinal reattachment rate,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive dioptre and astigmatism degree,and complications were evaluated and recorded.●RESULTS:There were 7 males and 11 females aged 19-58y.The average time course of RRD was 12d,ranging from 7-20d.The retinal break was located in the superior quadrants in 8 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 10 eyes,with macula-off detachments in 12 eyes.The patients were followed-up for at least 6mo.The final retinal reattachment rate was 100%.The BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05).There was no significant change in refractive dioptre or astigmatism degree at each follow-up(all P>0.05).Three patients had transiently high IOPs within one week after surgery.Mild diplopia occurred in 5 patients after surgery and then disappeared after the balloon fluid was removed.●CONCLUSION:The success rate of FCB scleral buckling for RRD is satisfactory.This procedure can be expected to be applied in new,uncomplicated cases of RRD.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (No.2022D01A330)the CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation)Scientific Research and Technology Development Project (Grant No.2021DJ1501)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation Project (No.52274030)“Tianchi Talent”Introduction Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022).
文摘The fractured-vuggy carbonate oil resources in the western basin of China are extremely rich.The connectivity of carbonate reservoirs is complex,and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development and topological structure of the pore space in fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Thus,effective prediction of fractured-vuggy reservoirs is difficult.In view of this,this work employs adaptive point cloud technology to reproduce the shape and capture the characteristics of a fractured-vuggy reservoir.To identify the complex connectivity among pores,fractures,and vugs,a simplified one-dimensional connectivity model is established by using the meshless connection element method(CEM).Considering that different types of connection units have different flow characteristics,a sequential coupling calculation method that can efficiently calculate reservoir pressure and saturation is developed.By automatic history matching,the dynamic production data is fitted in real-time,and the characteristic parameters of the connection unit are inverted.Simulation results show that the three-dimensional connectivity model of the fractured-vuggy reservoir built in this work is as close as 90%of the fine grid model,while the dynamic simulation efficiency is much higher with good accuracy.
