In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([OMIM][PF6])have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature.The results indicated that[O...In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([OMIM][PF6])have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature.The results indicated that[OMIM][PF6]experienced a phase transition at about4.12 GPa during compression,and it was thought as a phase transition of liquid to a superpressurized glass.Upon decompression,from the obvious change of Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]at about 0.48 GPa,it could be inferred that a decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in[OMIM][PF6]occurred.The phase behavior of[OMIM][PF6]at low temperature under atmospheric pressure was also investigated in detail.The result showed that Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]varied slightly and no crystallization occurred upon cooling.These facts suggested that a disorder to order phase transition was induced by decompression in[OMIM][PF6],and[OMIM][PF6]served as a superpressurized glass under the pressure above4.12 GPa,which was similar to the glassy state at low temperature.展开更多
Brain transcriptional regulatory network for behavior demonstrates that brain gene expression in the honey bee can be accurately predicted from the expression transcription factors(TFs),but roles for specific TFs are ...Brain transcriptional regulatory network for behavior demonstrates that brain gene expression in the honey bee can be accurately predicted from the expression transcription factors(TFs),but roles for specific TFs are less understood.Mushroom bodies(MBs)are important for learning,memory and sensory integration in the honey bee brain.A TFs,Mblk-1,expressed preferentially in the large-type Kenyon cells of the honeybee MBs is predicted to be involved in brain function by regulating transcription of its target genes in honey bee.However,its function and the mechanism of regulation in behavior of honey bee is still obscure.Here we show that Mblk-1 had significantly higher expression in the brains of forager bees relative to nurse bees.Mblk-1 was significantly inhibited in bees fed small interfering RNA.In addition,inhibition of Mblk-1 decreased sucrose responsiveness in foragers.Finally,we determined that Mblk-1 regulated the messenger RNA of AmGRl.These findings suggest that Mblk-1 may target AmGRl to regulate the sucrose responsiveness of foragers.展开更多
Flow-induced preordering or precursor(FIP) has been studied in a series of lightly cross-linked high-density polyethylene with a combination of extensional rheology and in situ synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray ...Flow-induced preordering or precursor(FIP) has been studied in a series of lightly cross-linked high-density polyethylene with a combination of extensional rheology and in situ synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD) measurements. Based on the incipient strains of SAXS and WAXD signals during extension in a large temperature range, strain-temperature diagrams for flow-induced preordering and nucleation were constructed and revealed that flow-induced crystallization(FIC) undergoes two stages: melt-precursor transition(MPT) and precursor-nuclei transition(PNT). At different temperatures, FIP with different inner structures and morphologies can be induced by strain; these embryos have shape and structure that are related to those of the corresponding critical nuclei. With the strain-temperature diagrams, the thermodynamic properties of FIP are deduced, which shows that compared with the relative nuclei the FIP always has a lower bulk free energy(?H) and a much lower surface free energy(?e). In extreme cases(high temperature), the ?e of FIP can be negligible. The quantitative estimation of the thermodynamic parameters suggests the existence of variant FIPs, which plays a vital role for the subsequent progress of PNT and the whole process of FIC.展开更多
基金supported by grant from the scientif ic fund of the Ministry of Personnel for returned overseas expert (2006)Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC (to Mingjian GE)(CSTC, No.2008BB5210)
基金Majid Khan and Ammar Bin Yousaf contributed equally to this work. This work is supported by the China Scholarship Council （CSC）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 11275203 and U1232128）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21273206)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(2010GGJS-110)
文摘In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([OMIM][PF6])have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature.The results indicated that[OMIM][PF6]experienced a phase transition at about4.12 GPa during compression,and it was thought as a phase transition of liquid to a superpressurized glass.Upon decompression,from the obvious change of Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]at about 0.48 GPa,it could be inferred that a decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in[OMIM][PF6]occurred.The phase behavior of[OMIM][PF6]at low temperature under atmospheric pressure was also investigated in detail.The result showed that Raman spectra of[OMIM][PF6]varied slightly and no crystallization occurred upon cooling.These facts suggested that a disorder to order phase transition was induced by decompression in[OMIM][PF6],and[OMIM][PF6]served as a superpressurized glass under the pressure above4.12 GPa,which was similar to the glassy state at low temperature.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010630,2021A1515012102)GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2021GDASYL-20210103053)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-44-SYZ11).
文摘Brain transcriptional regulatory network for behavior demonstrates that brain gene expression in the honey bee can be accurately predicted from the expression transcription factors(TFs),but roles for specific TFs are less understood.Mushroom bodies(MBs)are important for learning,memory and sensory integration in the honey bee brain.A TFs,Mblk-1,expressed preferentially in the large-type Kenyon cells of the honeybee MBs is predicted to be involved in brain function by regulating transcription of its target genes in honey bee.However,its function and the mechanism of regulation in behavior of honey bee is still obscure.Here we show that Mblk-1 had significantly higher expression in the brains of forager bees relative to nurse bees.Mblk-1 was significantly inhibited in bees fed small interfering RNA.In addition,inhibition of Mblk-1 decreased sucrose responsiveness in foragers.Finally,we determined that Mblk-1 regulated the messenger RNA of AmGRl.These findings suggest that Mblk-1 may target AmGRl to regulate the sucrose responsiveness of foragers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51325301,51033004,51120135002,51227801)the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Academy of Engineering Physics(U1330202)+1 种基金Project 2013BB05 supported by the Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics,China Academy of Engineering Physicsin part supported by"Ludo Frevel Crystallography Scholarships"from the International Centre for Diffraction Data
文摘Flow-induced preordering or precursor(FIP) has been studied in a series of lightly cross-linked high-density polyethylene with a combination of extensional rheology and in situ synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD) measurements. Based on the incipient strains of SAXS and WAXD signals during extension in a large temperature range, strain-temperature diagrams for flow-induced preordering and nucleation were constructed and revealed that flow-induced crystallization(FIC) undergoes two stages: melt-precursor transition(MPT) and precursor-nuclei transition(PNT). At different temperatures, FIP with different inner structures and morphologies can be induced by strain; these embryos have shape and structure that are related to those of the corresponding critical nuclei. With the strain-temperature diagrams, the thermodynamic properties of FIP are deduced, which shows that compared with the relative nuclei the FIP always has a lower bulk free energy(?H) and a much lower surface free energy(?e). In extreme cases(high temperature), the ?e of FIP can be negligible. The quantitative estimation of the thermodynamic parameters suggests the existence of variant FIPs, which plays a vital role for the subsequent progress of PNT and the whole process of FIC.
