Along with its wide anatomical distribution, somatostatin (SST) acts on multiple targets via a family of 5 receptors to produce a broad spectrum of biological effects. Therefore, a variety of peptide analogs have been...Along with its wide anatomical distribution, somatostatin (SST) acts on multiple targets via a family of 5 receptors to produce a broad spectrum of biological effects. Therefore, a variety of peptide analogs have been produced and are widely used in clinical treatment. However, because of their flaws in the structure of peptide, the clinical efficacy is limited. In this review, we summarize the structure, pharmacological effects and the potential clinical value of non-peptide SST analogs. We focus on the research and development of non-peptide SST analogs since 1998, and discuss the problems and potential prospects for non-peptide SST analogs. We believe that as more non-peptide somatostatin analogs are successfully developed, the extensive clinical application of SSTs will contribute a great deal to medical science.展开更多
To appreciate the two significant findings,namely the independent confirmation of the existence of Neanderthal genes in modern humans in 2010,and a clear description of the genetic history of an archaic hominin group ...To appreciate the two significant findings,namely the independent confirmation of the existence of Neanderthal genes in modern humans in 2010,and a clear description of the genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia in 2010,the 2022 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology was recently awarded to Dr.Svante Paabo[1].This year’s Nobel prize recognized the value of molecular paleoanthropology,which investigates the past of human beings.The application of this genetic analysis is even more valuable to our present and future.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of different fractions from Fuke Qianjin Formula(妇科千金方,FKQJF)on uterine leiomyoma(UL)to determine the best fraction.Methods FKQJF was extracted and isolated to obtain polysacc...Objective To investigate the effects of different fractions from Fuke Qianjin Formula(妇科千金方,FKQJF)on uterine leiomyoma(UL)to determine the best fraction.Methods FKQJF was extracted and isolated to obtain polysaccharides(FKP),flavonoids(FKF),and grease(FKG).140 female SPF SD rats were divided into 14 groups[model(MOD),normal control(NC),Gouliuqing(GLQ),Mifepristone(MFST),FKQJF,low,medium,and high dose of polysaccharides(l-FKP,m-FKP,and h-FKP),low,medium,and high dose of flavonoids(l-FKF,m-FKF,and h-FKF),low,medium,and high dose of grease(l-FKG,m-FKG,and h-FKG)],and uterine fibroids model rats were treated with drugs for four weeks.Serum levels of estrogen and progesterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay assay(ELISA)kits.The expression of estrogen receptor(ER-α,ER-β)and progesterone receptor(PR)in the uterus was observed using immunohistochemistry(IHC).Serum metabolite profiles and FKG were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results FKQJF,h-FKF,m-FKG,and h-FKG significantly downregulated the estrogen level in the uterine fibroid model rats(P<0.01).FKQJF,h-FKF,and h-FKG significantly reduced the level of progesterone in the uterine fibroid model rats(P<0.01).The levels of ER-α,ER-β,and PR in uterine fibroid model rats were significantly decreased by FKQJF and h-FKG(P<0.01).The levels of ER-α,ER-β,and PR in the fibroid model rats were decreased by m-FKG(P<0.05).Additionally,serum metabolism results revealed that h-FKG and FKQJF could regulate related endogenous metabolites and make the pathological indices of uterine fibroids in rats close to the normal group.Forty-six components were identified in the oil,accounting for 91.97%of the total oil components.Conclusion FKQJF and h-FKG showed a significant anti-myoma activity and significantly improved the pathological state of the uterus in rats with hysteromyoma.The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of estrogen progesterone and its receptor in uterine fibroid model animals.These findings proved the effect of FKQJF on uterine leiomyoma and provided an experimental basis for its clinical research and application.展开更多
The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution.Howeve...The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution.However,the lack of nuclear DNA from Neanderthal fossils and mtDNA of early modern human fossils dating back to approximately the same time in the Pleistocene constitutes a limitation that may compromise the significance of mtDNA phylogenetic analysis.In this report,we introduce a mitochromic analysis using Neanderthal mtDNA as a foreign transgene and humans as a naturally occurring transgenic species.Forty Neanderthal mtDNA retrievable nuclear fragments were identified by blasting human genome data with Neanderthal mtDNA.Five of the 40 fragments exhibited higher correlation with Neanderthal mtDNA than those with modern human mtDNA.Furthermore,these five nuclear fragments harbor Neanderthal mtDNA-unique haplotypes.Based on the 98%+identity between Neanderthal and modern human mtDNA when compared by groups,we suggest that some of the modern human nuclear fragments retrieved using Neanderthal mtDNA may aid in decoding Neanderthal genetic information,and also may simultaneously demonstrate a close genetic evolutionary relationship between modern humans and Neanderthals.展开更多
文摘Along with its wide anatomical distribution, somatostatin (SST) acts on multiple targets via a family of 5 receptors to produce a broad spectrum of biological effects. Therefore, a variety of peptide analogs have been produced and are widely used in clinical treatment. However, because of their flaws in the structure of peptide, the clinical efficacy is limited. In this review, we summarize the structure, pharmacological effects and the potential clinical value of non-peptide SST analogs. We focus on the research and development of non-peptide SST analogs since 1998, and discuss the problems and potential prospects for non-peptide SST analogs. We believe that as more non-peptide somatostatin analogs are successfully developed, the extensive clinical application of SSTs will contribute a great deal to medical science.
基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC4064).
文摘To appreciate the two significant findings,namely the independent confirmation of the existence of Neanderthal genes in modern humans in 2010,and a clear description of the genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia in 2010,the 2022 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology was recently awarded to Dr.Svante Paabo[1].This year’s Nobel prize recognized the value of molecular paleoanthropology,which investigates the past of human beings.The application of this genetic analysis is even more valuable to our present and future.
基金funding support from the Major Science and Technology Projects in Hunan Province(No.2015SK1001)Special Funds from the Central Government to Guide Local Science and Technology Development(No.2019XF5076)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2017JJ1023 and No.2019JJ50443)the Research project of Hunan Education Department(No.17B198 and No.19C1398)。
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of different fractions from Fuke Qianjin Formula(妇科千金方,FKQJF)on uterine leiomyoma(UL)to determine the best fraction.Methods FKQJF was extracted and isolated to obtain polysaccharides(FKP),flavonoids(FKF),and grease(FKG).140 female SPF SD rats were divided into 14 groups[model(MOD),normal control(NC),Gouliuqing(GLQ),Mifepristone(MFST),FKQJF,low,medium,and high dose of polysaccharides(l-FKP,m-FKP,and h-FKP),low,medium,and high dose of flavonoids(l-FKF,m-FKF,and h-FKF),low,medium,and high dose of grease(l-FKG,m-FKG,and h-FKG)],and uterine fibroids model rats were treated with drugs for four weeks.Serum levels of estrogen and progesterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay assay(ELISA)kits.The expression of estrogen receptor(ER-α,ER-β)and progesterone receptor(PR)in the uterus was observed using immunohistochemistry(IHC).Serum metabolite profiles and FKG were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results FKQJF,h-FKF,m-FKG,and h-FKG significantly downregulated the estrogen level in the uterine fibroid model rats(P<0.01).FKQJF,h-FKF,and h-FKG significantly reduced the level of progesterone in the uterine fibroid model rats(P<0.01).The levels of ER-α,ER-β,and PR in uterine fibroid model rats were significantly decreased by FKQJF and h-FKG(P<0.01).The levels of ER-α,ER-β,and PR in the fibroid model rats were decreased by m-FKG(P<0.05).Additionally,serum metabolism results revealed that h-FKG and FKQJF could regulate related endogenous metabolites and make the pathological indices of uterine fibroids in rats close to the normal group.Forty-six components were identified in the oil,accounting for 91.97%of the total oil components.Conclusion FKQJF and h-FKG showed a significant anti-myoma activity and significantly improved the pathological state of the uterus in rats with hysteromyoma.The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of estrogen progesterone and its receptor in uterine fibroid model animals.These findings proved the effect of FKQJF on uterine leiomyoma and provided an experimental basis for its clinical research and application.
文摘The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution.However,the lack of nuclear DNA from Neanderthal fossils and mtDNA of early modern human fossils dating back to approximately the same time in the Pleistocene constitutes a limitation that may compromise the significance of mtDNA phylogenetic analysis.In this report,we introduce a mitochromic analysis using Neanderthal mtDNA as a foreign transgene and humans as a naturally occurring transgenic species.Forty Neanderthal mtDNA retrievable nuclear fragments were identified by blasting human genome data with Neanderthal mtDNA.Five of the 40 fragments exhibited higher correlation with Neanderthal mtDNA than those with modern human mtDNA.Furthermore,these five nuclear fragments harbor Neanderthal mtDNA-unique haplotypes.Based on the 98%+identity between Neanderthal and modern human mtDNA when compared by groups,we suggest that some of the modern human nuclear fragments retrieved using Neanderthal mtDNA may aid in decoding Neanderthal genetic information,and also may simultaneously demonstrate a close genetic evolutionary relationship between modern humans and Neanderthals.
