Hot pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is consumed as one of the oldest domesticated crops all over the world.Although mutation breeding using radiation has been performed in hot peppers,little is known about the comparative a...Hot pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is consumed as one of the oldest domesticated crops all over the world.Although mutation breeding using radiation has been performed in hot peppers,little is known about the comparative analysis of mutagenic effects at the molecular level by ion beam irradiation.To comprehend the response mechanism of hot pepper to the ion beam,we used a mutant with favorable economic characteristics induced by lithium-ion beam irradiation to investigate the biological effects.The results indicated that the lithium-ion beam had a positive effect on important agronomic traits,particularly yield unit,but had a negligible effect on the photosynthetic rate of hot pepper,with a specific influence on chlorophyll b rather than chlorophyll a.By RNA-Seq analysis,671 up-regulated and 376 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between irradiated and unirradiated hot pepper.Based on GO and KEGG network analysis,the auxin metabolic process was the common pathway in these two networks.A total of 118 potential reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging genes and 262 signal transduction genes were identified,suggesting a balance between antioxidant enzymes and enhanced ROS transduction.The amounts of 15 metabolite,involved in GABA pathways,secondary metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,shikimate pathways,TCA cycles,nitrogen metabolism,glycerol metabolism and acetate pathways,were significantly changed in the ion beam irradiated sample.These results highlighted that the enriched pathways could play important roles in response to ion beam irradiation in hot pepper plants.In summary,these data provide valuable information for future research on ion beam irradiation and genomic studies in hot pepper.展开更多
In this study,we investigate the pseudospectrum and spectrum(in)stability of quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole.Methodologically,we use the hyperboloidal framework to cast the quasinormal mode(QNM)problem into...In this study,we investigate the pseudospectrum and spectrum(in)stability of quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole.Methodologically,we use the hyperboloidal framework to cast the quasinormal mode(QNM)problem into an eigenvalue problem associated with a non-selfadjoint operator,and then the spectrum and pseudospectrum are depicted.Besides,the invariant subspace method is exploited to improve the computational efficiency for pseudospectrum.The investigation into the spectrum(in)stability entails two main aspects.On the one hand,we calculate the spectra of the quantum corrected black hole,then by the means of the migration ratio,the impact of the quantum correction effect on the Schwarzschild black hole has been studied.The results indicate that the so-called“migration ratio instability”will occur for small black holes with small angular momentum number l.In the eikonal limit,the migration ratios remain the same for each overtone.On the other hand,we study the spectrum(in)stability of the quantum corrected black hole by directly adding some particular perturbations into the effective potential,where perturbations are located at the event horizon and null infinity,respectively.There are two interesting observations under the same perturbation energy norm.First,perturbations at infinity are more capable of generating spectrum instability than those at the event horizon.Second,we find that the peak distribution can lead to the instability of QNM spectrum more efficiently than the average distribution.展开更多
基金supported by the China Atomic Energy Authority(Crop Varietal Improvement and Insect Pests Control by Nuclear Radiation)Key Technological Innovation Key Project of Agricultural Science and Technology Breakthrough in Heilongjiang Province-Breakthrough Variety Breeding and Industrial Application of Vegetables。
文摘Hot pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)is consumed as one of the oldest domesticated crops all over the world.Although mutation breeding using radiation has been performed in hot peppers,little is known about the comparative analysis of mutagenic effects at the molecular level by ion beam irradiation.To comprehend the response mechanism of hot pepper to the ion beam,we used a mutant with favorable economic characteristics induced by lithium-ion beam irradiation to investigate the biological effects.The results indicated that the lithium-ion beam had a positive effect on important agronomic traits,particularly yield unit,but had a negligible effect on the photosynthetic rate of hot pepper,with a specific influence on chlorophyll b rather than chlorophyll a.By RNA-Seq analysis,671 up-regulated and 376 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between irradiated and unirradiated hot pepper.Based on GO and KEGG network analysis,the auxin metabolic process was the common pathway in these two networks.A total of 118 potential reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging genes and 262 signal transduction genes were identified,suggesting a balance between antioxidant enzymes and enhanced ROS transduction.The amounts of 15 metabolite,involved in GABA pathways,secondary metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,shikimate pathways,TCA cycles,nitrogen metabolism,glycerol metabolism and acetate pathways,were significantly changed in the ion beam irradiated sample.These results highlighted that the enriched pathways could play important roles in response to ion beam irradiation in hot pepper plants.In summary,these data provide valuable information for future research on ion beam irradiation and genomic studies in hot pepper.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2204603)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12075232,and 12247103)。
文摘In this study,we investigate the pseudospectrum and spectrum(in)stability of quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole.Methodologically,we use the hyperboloidal framework to cast the quasinormal mode(QNM)problem into an eigenvalue problem associated with a non-selfadjoint operator,and then the spectrum and pseudospectrum are depicted.Besides,the invariant subspace method is exploited to improve the computational efficiency for pseudospectrum.The investigation into the spectrum(in)stability entails two main aspects.On the one hand,we calculate the spectra of the quantum corrected black hole,then by the means of the migration ratio,the impact of the quantum correction effect on the Schwarzschild black hole has been studied.The results indicate that the so-called“migration ratio instability”will occur for small black holes with small angular momentum number l.In the eikonal limit,the migration ratios remain the same for each overtone.On the other hand,we study the spectrum(in)stability of the quantum corrected black hole by directly adding some particular perturbations into the effective potential,where perturbations are located at the event horizon and null infinity,respectively.There are two interesting observations under the same perturbation energy norm.First,perturbations at infinity are more capable of generating spectrum instability than those at the event horizon.Second,we find that the peak distribution can lead to the instability of QNM spectrum more efficiently than the average distribution.
