Buried interfacial voids have always been a notorious phenomenon observed in the fabrication of lead perovskite films. The existence of interfacial voids at the buried interface will capture the carrier, suppress carr...Buried interfacial voids have always been a notorious phenomenon observed in the fabrication of lead perovskite films. The existence of interfacial voids at the buried interface will capture the carrier, suppress carrier transport efficiencies, and affect the stability of photovoltaic devices. However, the impact of these buried interfacial voids on tin perovskites, a promising avenue for advancing lead-free photovoltaics, has been largely overlooked. Here, we utilize an innovative weakly polar solvent pretreatment strategy(WPSPS) to mitigate buried interfacial voids of tin perovskites. Our investigation reveals the presence of numerous voids in tin perovskites during annealing, attributed to trapped dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) used in film formation. The WPSPS method facilitates accelerated DMSO evaporation, effectively reducing residual DMSO. Interestingly, the WPSPS shifts the energy level of PEDOT:PSS downward, making it more aligned with the perovskite. This alignment enhances the efficiency of charge carrier transport. As the result, tin perovskite film quality is significantly improved,achieving a maximum power conversion efficiency approaching 12% with only an 8.3% efficiency loss after 1700 h of stability tests, which compares well with the state-of-the-art stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells.展开更多
Solid-state batteries are rising rapidly in response to the fast-increasing energy demand.Metal-organic framework(MOF) loaded with ionic liquids has brought new opportunities for solid-state batteries owing to its goo...Solid-state batteries are rising rapidly in response to the fast-increasing energy demand.Metal-organic framework(MOF) loaded with ionic liquids has brought new opportunities for solid-state batteries owing to its good interfacial compatibility and high ionic conductivity. MOF-808 is selected to be filled with Li-contained ionic liquid for structure and ion dynamics investigation using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and X-ray diffraction.This study finds that the introduced ionic liquid would partially soften the matrix of MOF-808 and thus yield amorphous phase. By selective isotope replacement under cycling symmetric ^(6)Li metal cell, Li^(+)ion is observed to mainly go cross ionic liquid in the open channel of matrix under potential polarization.展开更多
Searching anodes with excellent electrochemical performance has been in great demand for rechargeable metal ion batteries. In this contribution, Fe/Co co-doped Ni S with N-based carbon(Fe Co-NiS@NC) derived from trime...Searching anodes with excellent electrochemical performance has been in great demand for rechargeable metal ion batteries. In this contribution, Fe/Co co-doped Ni S with N-based carbon(Fe Co-NiS@NC) derived from trimetallic Prussian blue analogue is designed and synthesized. The composition can be easily adjusted and modulated by multi-metals. In addition, the well-designed carbon nanocubes effectively promote electronic conductivity and buffer the volume change upon charge and discharge cycling, resulting in good capacity and long-term cycle life for both lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, with capacities of 1018 m Ah g^(-1)(vs. Li/Li^(+)) and 454 m Ah g^(-1)(vs. Na/Na^(+)), respectively, after 100 cycles.Kinetics studies indicate that the electrochemical behaviors are manipulated by both diffusion and pseudocapacitance processes. These strategies would open new opportunities and potention for novel energy storage.展开更多
Tin perovskites with exemplary optoelectronic properties ofer potential application in lead-free perovskite solar cells.However,Sn vacancies and undercoordinated Sn ions on the tin perovskite surfaces can create deep-...Tin perovskites with exemplary optoelectronic properties ofer potential application in lead-free perovskite solar cells.However,Sn vacancies and undercoordinated Sn ions on the tin perovskite surfaces can create deep-level traps,leading to nonradiative recombination and absorption of nucleophilic O_(2)molecules,impeding further device efciency and stability.Here,in this study,a new additive of semicarbazide hydrochloride(SEM-HCl)with a N–C=O functional group was introduced into the perovskite precursor to fabricate high-quality flms with a low concentration of deep-level trap densities.This,in turn,serves to prevent undesirable interaction between photogenerated carriers and adsorbed oxygen molecules in the device’s operational environment,ultimately reducing the proliferation of superoxide entities.As the result,the SEM-HCl-derived devices show a peak efciency of 10.9%with improved device stability.These unencapsulated devices maintain almost 100%of their initial efciencies after working for 100 h under continuous AM1.5 illumination conditions.展开更多
Lakes are natural-historical bodies consisting of lake basins,lake water,various substances in the water,and aquatic organisms[1].They provide 0.26%of freshwater resources and account for 0.013%of the total water reso...Lakes are natural-historical bodies consisting of lake basins,lake water,various substances in the water,and aquatic organisms[1].They provide 0.26%of freshwater resources and account for 0.013%of the total water resources on Earth.Lakes are the central hub of the global biogeochemical cycle of key elements in support of watershed sustainability,and play an irreplaceable role in regional water security,drought amelioration,flood supply,and economic and social development[2].However,intensification of anthropogenic disturbance and climate changes has resulted in drastic changes in both the quantity and quality of global lake water[3].展开更多
Water level fluctuations (WLF) are natural patterns that are necessary for the survival of various plants,and WLF guarantee both the productivity and the biodiversity of wetlands.However,the underlying mechanisms of h...Water level fluctuations (WLF) are natural patterns that are necessary for the survival of various plants,and WLF guarantee both the productivity and the biodiversity of wetlands.However,the underlying mechanisms of how changes in vegetation are linked to seasonal WLF remain unclear.Using vegetation and hydrological data from 1989 to 2009,we identified the key seasonal fluctuations and their impacts on vegetation in the Poyang Lake wetland by utilizing a tree-based hierarchical model.According to our results: 1) WLF in summer had significant impacts on both sedges and reeds.The severe summer floods promoted the expansion of sedges,while they inhibited the expansion of reeds;2) WLF in autumn also greatly impacted sedges,while reeds were severely affected in spring.Specifically,we found that low water levels in autumn led to the expansion of sedges,and low water levels in spring led to the expansion of reeds.The results were well corroborated through comparisons of the vegetation distribution patterns over the last two decades (i.e.,the 1990s and 2000s),which may shed light on corresponding water resource and wetland management.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (62274094, 62175117)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (22KJB510011)+1 种基金Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University (KJS2260)Huali Talents Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications。
文摘Buried interfacial voids have always been a notorious phenomenon observed in the fabrication of lead perovskite films. The existence of interfacial voids at the buried interface will capture the carrier, suppress carrier transport efficiencies, and affect the stability of photovoltaic devices. However, the impact of these buried interfacial voids on tin perovskites, a promising avenue for advancing lead-free photovoltaics, has been largely overlooked. Here, we utilize an innovative weakly polar solvent pretreatment strategy(WPSPS) to mitigate buried interfacial voids of tin perovskites. Our investigation reveals the presence of numerous voids in tin perovskites during annealing, attributed to trapped dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) used in film formation. The WPSPS method facilitates accelerated DMSO evaporation, effectively reducing residual DMSO. Interestingly, the WPSPS shifts the energy level of PEDOT:PSS downward, making it more aligned with the perovskite. This alignment enhances the efficiency of charge carrier transport. As the result, tin perovskite film quality is significantly improved,achieving a maximum power conversion efficiency approaching 12% with only an 8.3% efficiency loss after 1700 h of stability tests, which compares well with the state-of-the-art stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21974007).
文摘Solid-state batteries are rising rapidly in response to the fast-increasing energy demand.Metal-organic framework(MOF) loaded with ionic liquids has brought new opportunities for solid-state batteries owing to its good interfacial compatibility and high ionic conductivity. MOF-808 is selected to be filled with Li-contained ionic liquid for structure and ion dynamics investigation using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and X-ray diffraction.This study finds that the introduced ionic liquid would partially soften the matrix of MOF-808 and thus yield amorphous phase. By selective isotope replacement under cycling symmetric ^(6)Li metal cell, Li^(+)ion is observed to mainly go cross ionic liquid in the open channel of matrix under potential polarization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21974007 and 22090043)。
文摘Searching anodes with excellent electrochemical performance has been in great demand for rechargeable metal ion batteries. In this contribution, Fe/Co co-doped Ni S with N-based carbon(Fe Co-NiS@NC) derived from trimetallic Prussian blue analogue is designed and synthesized. The composition can be easily adjusted and modulated by multi-metals. In addition, the well-designed carbon nanocubes effectively promote electronic conductivity and buffer the volume change upon charge and discharge cycling, resulting in good capacity and long-term cycle life for both lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, with capacities of 1018 m Ah g^(-1)(vs. Li/Li^(+)) and 454 m Ah g^(-1)(vs. Na/Na^(+)), respectively, after 100 cycles.Kinetics studies indicate that the electrochemical behaviors are manipulated by both diffusion and pseudocapacitance processes. These strategies would open new opportunities and potention for novel energy storage.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62274094)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.22KJB510011)+2 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2020WNLOKF012)the Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University(No.KJS2260)the Huali Talents Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,and the Jiangsu Provincial Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies.
文摘Tin perovskites with exemplary optoelectronic properties ofer potential application in lead-free perovskite solar cells.However,Sn vacancies and undercoordinated Sn ions on the tin perovskite surfaces can create deep-level traps,leading to nonradiative recombination and absorption of nucleophilic O_(2)molecules,impeding further device efciency and stability.Here,in this study,a new additive of semicarbazide hydrochloride(SEM-HCl)with a N–C=O functional group was introduced into the perovskite precursor to fabricate high-quality flms with a low concentration of deep-level trap densities.This,in turn,serves to prevent undesirable interaction between photogenerated carriers and adsorbed oxygen molecules in the device’s operational environment,ultimately reducing the proliferation of superoxide entities.As the result,the SEM-HCl-derived devices show a peak efciency of 10.9%with improved device stability.These unencapsulated devices maintain almost 100%of their initial efciencies after working for 100 h under continuous AM1.5 illumination conditions.
文摘Lakes are natural-historical bodies consisting of lake basins,lake water,various substances in the water,and aquatic organisms[1].They provide 0.26%of freshwater resources and account for 0.013%of the total water resources on Earth.Lakes are the central hub of the global biogeochemical cycle of key elements in support of watershed sustainability,and play an irreplaceable role in regional water security,drought amelioration,flood supply,and economic and social development[2].However,intensification of anthropogenic disturbance and climate changes has resulted in drastic changes in both the quantity and quality of global lake water[3].
基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China (No.2016YFC0402204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41571107)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KFZD-SW-318)the Key Project of Water Resources Department of Jiangxi Province (No.KT201503).
文摘Water level fluctuations (WLF) are natural patterns that are necessary for the survival of various plants,and WLF guarantee both the productivity and the biodiversity of wetlands.However,the underlying mechanisms of how changes in vegetation are linked to seasonal WLF remain unclear.Using vegetation and hydrological data from 1989 to 2009,we identified the key seasonal fluctuations and their impacts on vegetation in the Poyang Lake wetland by utilizing a tree-based hierarchical model.According to our results: 1) WLF in summer had significant impacts on both sedges and reeds.The severe summer floods promoted the expansion of sedges,while they inhibited the expansion of reeds;2) WLF in autumn also greatly impacted sedges,while reeds were severely affected in spring.Specifically,we found that low water levels in autumn led to the expansion of sedges,and low water levels in spring led to the expansion of reeds.The results were well corroborated through comparisons of the vegetation distribution patterns over the last two decades (i.e.,the 1990s and 2000s),which may shed light on corresponding water resource and wetland management.
