Efficient and low-cost recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),LFP)batteries has become an inevitable trend.In this study,an integrated closed-loop recycling strategy including isomorphic substitution lea...Efficient and low-cost recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),LFP)batteries has become an inevitable trend.In this study,an integrated closed-loop recycling strategy including isomorphic substitution leaching and solvent extraction process for spent LFP was proposed.An inexpensive FeCl_(3)was used as leaching agent to directly substitute Fe^(2+)from LFP.99%of Li can be rapidly leached in just 30 min,accompanied by 98%of FePO_(4)precipitated in lixivium.The tri-n-butyl phosphate(TBP)-sulfonated kerosene(SK)system was applied to extract Li from lixivium through a twelve-stage countercurrent process containing synchronous extraction and stepwise stripping of Li^(+)and Fe^(3+).80.81%of Li can be selectively enriched in stripping liquor containing 3.059 mol·L^(-1)of Li^(+)under optimal conditions.And the Fe stripping liquor was recovered for LFP re-leaching,of which,Fe^(2+)was oxidized to Fe^(3+)by appropriate H_(2)O_(2).Raffinate and lixivium were concentrated and entered into extraction process to accomplished closeloop recycling process.Overall,the results suggest that more than 99%of Li was recovered.FeCl_(3)holding in solution was directly regenerated without any pollutant emission.The sustainable mothed would be an alternative candidate for total element recycling of spent LFP batteries with industrial potential.展开更多
Objective: Secretory breast carcinoma(SBC) is a rare type of breast malignancy, accounting for less than 0.02% of all infiltrating breast malignancies. The pure SBC, a type of SBC without another type of breast malign...Objective: Secretory breast carcinoma(SBC) is a rare type of breast malignancy, accounting for less than 0.02% of all infiltrating breast malignancies. The pure SBC, a type of SBC without another type of breast malignant neoplasm, is particularly rare. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of pure SBC.Methods: The main pathological parameters such as estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2(C-erbB-2) were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC), and the clinicopathologic and prognostic difference were compared with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC). Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to identify the ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement of SBC.Results: We found that the positivity rates of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53, and S-100 were 47.7%(21/44), 52.3%(23/44), 36.4%(16/44), 27.3%(12/44), and 95.5%(42/44), respectively, which were higher than those reported in previous studies. Special periodic acid-Schiff analysis was performed in 36 patients, and the value of the Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 50%(mean value:10%). Interestingly, most patients with pure SBC harbored an ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement with an 88.6%(39/44) expression rate. Compared with IDC, the tumor size of most patients with SBC was larger than 2 cm(P = 0.024). Ultrasound showed benign lesions, and the total misdiagnosis rate was higher(P = 0.020). Although the pathological classification was mostly triple-negative breast cancers(P = 0.036), there was less metastasis(P = 0.029), and the overall prognosis was better than that of the IDC group.Conclusions: Although axillary lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, or distant metastasis may occur, SBC is also considered an indolent neoplasm with a good prognosis. Once diagnosed, surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible,followed by appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy, irradiation, and endocrine therapies.展开更多
The organic synergists, including Octanol, ethyl acetate(EA), butyl acetate(BA), methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK),diisobutyl ketone(DIBK), N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide(N523) and 8-hydroxylquiolate, were added to the TB...The organic synergists, including Octanol, ethyl acetate(EA), butyl acetate(BA), methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK),diisobutyl ketone(DIBK), N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide(N523) and 8-hydroxylquiolate, were added to the TBP–FeCl_3 extraction system to extract lithium from brine. The effects of concentration of organic synergist and total organic extractant, molar ratio of Fe/Li, phase ratio, counter-current extraction and the acidity of stripping agent on lithium extraction were investigated to optimize the extraction conditions. Under the optimize conditions, the results of counter-current extraction showed the mixed extraction system was the preponderance on the lithium extraction. Especially the separation of lithium in organic phase and aqueous phase and the separation mass ratio of Mg/Li increased greatly. An extraction mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of FT-IR spectra and Raman spectra.展开更多
Climate system models are useful tools for understanding the interactions among the components of the climate system and predicting/projecting future climate change. The development of climate models has been a centra...Climate system models are useful tools for understanding the interactions among the components of the climate system and predicting/projecting future climate change. The development of climate models has been a central focus of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(LASG/IAP) since the establishment of the laboratory in 1985. In China, many pioneering component models and fully coupled models of the climate system have been developed by LASG/IAP. The fully coupled climate system developed in the recent decade is named FGOALS(Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model). In this paper, an application-oriented review of the LASG/IAP FGOALS model is presented. The improved model performances are demonstrated in the context of cloud-radiation processes, Asian monsoon, ENSO phenomena, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC) and sea ice. The FGOALS model has contributed to both CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-phase 5) and IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) AR5(the Fifth Assessment Report). The release of FGOALS data has supported the publication of nearly 500 papers around the world. The results of FGOALS are cited ~106 times in the IPCC WG1(Working Group 1) AR5. In addition to the traditional long-term simulations and projections, near-term decadal climate prediction is a new set of CMIP experiment, progress of LAGS/IAP in the development of nearterm decadal prediction system is reviewed. The FGOALS model has supported many Chinese national-level research projects and contributed to the national climate change assessment report. The crucial role of FGOALS as a modeling tool for supporting climate sciences is highlighted by demonstrating the model's performances in the simulation of the evolution of Earth's climate from the past to the future.展开更多
A sparse approximation algorithm based on projection is presented in this paper in order to overcome the limitation of the non-sparsity of least squares support vector machines(LS-SVM).The new inputs are projected int...A sparse approximation algorithm based on projection is presented in this paper in order to overcome the limitation of the non-sparsity of least squares support vector machines(LS-SVM).The new inputs are projected into the subspace spanned by previous basis vectors(BV) and those inputs whose squared distance from the subspace is higher than a threshold are added in the BV set,while others are rejected.This consequently results in the sparse approximation.In addition,a recursive approach to deleting an exiting vector in the BV set is proposed.Then the online LS-SVM,sparse approximation and BV removal are combined to produce the sparse online LS-SVM algorithm that can control the size of memory irrespective of the processed data size.The suggested algorithm is applied in the online modeling of a pH neutralizing process and the isomerization plant of a refinery,respectively.The detailed comparison of computing time and precision is also given between the suggested algorithm and the nonsparse one.The results show that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the sparsity just with little cost of precision.展开更多
For recent years,runoff generation and hydrological processes in Hailiutu River basin have been greatly changed by climate change and human activity,especially water and soil conservation construction.In this study,th...For recent years,runoff generation and hydrological processes in Hailiutu River basin have been greatly changed by climate change and human activity,especially water and soil conservation construction.In this study,the trends in precipitation,evapotranspiration(ET)and river runoff as well as the effects of precipitation change and human activity on runoff variation have been studied.The results showed that during 1960-2000,annual precipitation and river runoff,monthly precipitation and ET in September and October as well as monthly runoff in all months showed a significant decrease.In addition,peak flow and base flow had a large decrease.Under the joint influence of precipitation change and human activity,the mean annual runoff decreased by 35 million m3 from the baseline period(1960-1985)to the change period(1986-2000),which accounted for 60.9%and 39.1%of the total runoff decrease,respectively.Precipitation change played a primary role in the decrease of annual runoff whereas human activity,particularly water and soil conservation construction,also had remarkable impacts on runoff variation.展开更多
Objective:Approximately 5%–10%of breast cancer(BC)patients display familial traits that are genetically inherited among the members of a family.The purpose of this study was to profile the germline mutations in 43 ge...Objective:Approximately 5%–10%of breast cancer(BC)patients display familial traits that are genetically inherited among the members of a family.The purpose of this study was to profile the germline mutations in 43 genes with different penetration rates and their correlations with phenotypic traits in Chinese familial BC families.Methods:Ion Torrent S5™-based next generation sequencing was conducted on 116 subjects from 27 Chinese familial BC families.Results:Eighty-one germline mutations in 27 BC predisposition genes were identified in 82.8%(96/116)of the cases.Among these,80.8%of the mutated genes were related to DNA damage repair.Fourteen possible disease-causing variants were identified in 13 of 27 BC families.Only 25.9%(7/27)of the BC families exhibited hereditary deficiency in BRCA1/2 genes,while 22.2%of the BC families exhibited defects in non-BRCA genes.In all,41.7%(40/96)of the mutation carriers had BRCA mutations,88.5%(85/96)had non-BRCA mutations,and 30.2%(29/96)had both BRCA and non-BRCA mutations.The BC patients with BRCA mutations had a higher risk of axillary lymph node metastases than those without mutations(P<0.05).However,the BC patients with non-BRCA mutations frequently had a higher occurrence of benign breast diseases than those without mutations(P<0.05).Conclusions:In addition to BRCA1/2,genetic variants in non-BRCA DNA repair genes might play significant roles in the development of familial/hereditary BC.Therefore,profiling of multiple BC predisposition genes should be more valuable for screening potential pathogenic germline mutations in Chinese familial/hereditary BC.展开更多
Taking copper doped ZnS(ZnS:Cu)nanocrystals as the main body of photocatalyst,the influence of different base transition metal ions(M^(2+)=Ni^(2+),Co^(2+),Fe^(2+)and Cd^(2+))on photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction in inorga...Taking copper doped ZnS(ZnS:Cu)nanocrystals as the main body of photocatalyst,the influence of different base transition metal ions(M^(2+)=Ni^(2+),Co^(2+),Fe^(2+)and Cd^(2+))on photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction in inorganic reaction system is investigated.Confined single-atom Ni^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)sites were created via cation-exchange process and enhanced CO_(2)reduction,while Fe^(2+)suppressed the photocatalytic activity for both water and CO_(2)reduction.The modified ZnS:Cu photocatalysts(M/ZnS:Cu)demonstrated tunable product selectivity,with Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)showing high selectivity for syngas production and Cd^(2+)displaying remarkable formate selectivity.DFT calculations indicated favorable H adsorption free energy on Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)sites,promoting the hydrogen evolution reaction.The selectivity of CO_(2)reduction products was found to be sensitive to the initial intermediate adsorption states.*COOH formed on Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)while*OCHO formed on Cd^(2+),favoring the production of CO and HCOOH as the main products,respectively.This work provides valuable insights for developing efficient solar-to-fuel platforms with controlled CO_(2)reduction selectivity.展开更多
Rodents have been widely used in the production of cerebral ischemia models. However, successful therapies have been proven on experimental rodent stroke model, and they have often failed to be effective when tested c...Rodents have been widely used in the production of cerebral ischemia models. However, successful therapies have been proven on experimental rodent stroke model, and they have often failed to be effective when tested clinically. Therefore, nonhuman primates were recommended as the ideal alternatives, owing to their similarities with the human cerebrovascular system, brain metabolism, grey to white matter ratio and even their rich behavioral repertoire. The present review is a thorough summary of ten methods that establish nonhuman primate models of focal cerebral ischemia; electrocoagulation, endothelin-1-induced occlusion, microvascular clip occlusion, autologous blood clot embolization, balloon inflation, microcatheter embolization, coil embolization, surgical suture embolization, suture, and photochemical induction methods. This review addresses the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as precautions for each model, compared nonhuman primates with rodents, different species of nonhuman primates and different modeling methods. Finally it discusses various factors that need to be considered when modelling and the method of evaluation after modelling. These are critical for understanding their respective strengths and weaknesses and underlie the selection of the optimum model.展开更多
目的:探讨研究转移性结直肠癌患者的生存率和预后风险因素,构建预后风险预测评分并进行验证。方法:选取2010年至2015年美国监测、流行病和结果队列(surveillance,epidemiology,and end results,SEER)诊断的转移性结直肠癌患者。采用Kapl...目的:探讨研究转移性结直肠癌患者的生存率和预后风险因素,构建预后风险预测评分并进行验证。方法:选取2010年至2015年美国监测、流行病和结果队列(surveillance,epidemiology,and end results,SEER)诊断的转移性结直肠癌患者。采用Kaplan-Meier法研究患者生存率,并采用多因素Cox回归分析研究影响患者预后的风险因素。基于上述因素构建预后风险预测评分并进行预测准确性的内部评价,同时采用2016年诊断的患者进行预测评分的外部验证。结果:研究共选取转移性结直肠癌患者37092例,5年生存率为10.6%。年龄较高、黑种人、组织学分化程度较低、T分期较高、N分期、高癌胚抗原水平以及骨、脑、肝和肺转移是死亡的风险因素,而女性、已婚状态、有保险、非右半结肠和原发部位手术是死亡的保护性因素。验证性结果显示该预测评分具有较高的内部稳定性和外部适应性。结论:转移性结直肠癌患者预后较差,基于预后风险因素建立的预测模型能准确预测患者生存概率,帮助医生制定个体化治疗方案,提高患者生存率。展开更多
Objective:Myeloma bone disease(MBD)is the most common complication of multiple myeloma(MM).Our previous study showed that the serum levels of C3/C4 in MM patients were significantly positively correlated with the seve...Objective:Myeloma bone disease(MBD)is the most common complication of multiple myeloma(MM).Our previous study showed that the serum levels of C3/C4 in MM patients were significantly positively correlated with the severity of bone disease.However,the mechanism of C3 a/C4 a in osteoclasts MM patients remains unclear.Methods:The formation and function of osteoclasts were analyzed after adding C3 a/C4 a in vitro.RNA-seq analysis was used to screen the potential pathways affecting osteoclasts,and the results were verified by Western blot,q RT-PCR,and pathway inhibitors.Results:The osteoclast area per view induced by 1μg/m L(mean±SD:50.828±12.984%)and 10μg/m L(53.663±12.685%)of C3 a was significantly increased compared to the control group(0μg/m L)(34.635±8.916%)(P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively).The relative m RNA expressions of genes,OSCAR/TRAP/RANKL/cathepsin K,induced by 1μg/m L(median:5.041,3.726,1.638,and 4.752,respectively)and 10μg/m L(median:5.140,3.702,2.250,and 5.172,respectively)of C3 a was significantly increased compared to the control group(median:3.137,2.004,0.573,and 2.257,respectively)(1μg/m L P=0.001,P=0.003,P<0.001,and P=0.008,respectively;10μg/m L:P<0.001,P=0.019,P<0.001,and P=0.002,respectively).The absorption areas of the osteoclast resorption pits per view induced by 1μg/m L(mean±SD:51.464±11.983%)and 10μg/m L(50.219±12.067%)of C3 a was also significantly increased(33.845±8.331%)(P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively)compared to the control.There was no difference between the C4 a and control groups.RNA-seq analysis showed that C3 a promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts using the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K)signaling pathway.The relative expressions of PIK3 CA/phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1(PDK1)/serum and glucocorticoid inducible protein kinases(SGK3)genes and PI3 K/PDK1/p-SGK3 protein in the C3 a group were significantly higher than in the control group.The activation role of C3 a in osteoclasts of MM patients was reduced by the SGK inhibitor(EMD638683).Conclusions:C3 a activated osteoclasts by regulating the PI3 K/PDK1/SGK3 pathways in MM patients,which was reduced using a SGK inhibitor.Overall,our results identified potential therapeutic targets and strategies for MBD patients。展开更多
This paper describes the datasets from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project(ScenarioMIP)simulation experiments run with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,GridPo...This paper describes the datasets from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project(ScenarioMIP)simulation experiments run with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,GridPoint version 3(CAS FGOALS-g3).FGOALS-g3 is driven by eight shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs)with different sets of future emission,concentration,and land-use scenarios.All Tier 1 and 2 experiments were carried out and were initialized using historical runs.A branch run method was used for the ensemble simulations.Model outputs were three-hourly,six-hourly,daily,and/or monthly mean values for the primary variables of the four component models.An evaluation and analysis of the simulations is also presented.The present results are expected to aid research into future climate change and socio-economic development.展开更多
The datasets of the five Land-offline Model Intercomparison Project(LMIP)experiments using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Land Surface Model(CAS-LSM)of CAS Flexible Global-Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model Grid-poin...The datasets of the five Land-offline Model Intercomparison Project(LMIP)experiments using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Land Surface Model(CAS-LSM)of CAS Flexible Global-Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model Grid-point version 3(CAS FGOALS-g3)are presented in this study.These experiments were forced by five global meteorological forcing datasets,which contributed to the framework of the Land Surface Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project(LS3MIP)of CMIP6.These datasets have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation node.In this paper,the basic descriptions of the CAS-LSM and the five LMIP experiments are shown.The performance of the soil moisture,snow,and land-atmosphere energy fluxes was preliminarily validated using satellite-based observations.Results show that their mean states,spatial patterns,and seasonal variations can be reproduced well by the five LMIP simulations.It suggests that these datasets can be used to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms of the global water and energy cycles during the past century.展开更多
The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP)is an endorsed Model Intercomparison Project in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The goal of FAFMIP is to investigate the spread ...The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP)is an endorsed Model Intercomparison Project in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The goal of FAFMIP is to investigate the spread in the atmosphere–ocean general circulation model projections of ocean climate change forced by increased CO2,including the uncertainties in the simulations of ocean heat uptake,global mean sea level rise due to ocean thermal expansion and dynamic sea level change due to ocean circulation and density changes.The FAFMIP experiments have already been conducted with the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,gridpoint version 3.0(FGOALS-g3).The model datasets have been submitted to the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF)node.Here,the details of the experiments,the output variables and some baseline results are presented.Compared with the preliminary results of other models,the evolutions of global mean variables can be reproduced well by FGOALS-g3.The simulations of spatial patterns are also consistent with those of other models in most regions except the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean,indicating large uncertainties in the regional sea level projections of these two regions.展开更多
Dear Editor,Grass carp reovirus(GCRV),a member of the genus Aquareovirus in the family Reoviridae(Attoui H,et al,2002),is one of the most virulent aquareoviruses iden-tified so far,leading to high fatality rates(up to...Dear Editor,Grass carp reovirus(GCRV),a member of the genus Aquareovirus in the family Reoviridae(Attoui H,et al,2002),is one of the most virulent aquareoviruses iden-tified so far,leading to high fatality rates(up to 85%)of fingerlings and yearlings of grass carp(Fang Q,et al,2007).No commercial vaccines against GCRV infection have been developed as yet.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases increase continually in the worldwide scale,and its specific pathogenesis has not been completely clear.The gas signal molecule hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is a new type of neuroactive substance,which...Cardiovascular diseases increase continually in the worldwide scale,and its specific pathogenesis has not been completely clear.The gas signal molecule hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is a new type of neuroactive substance,which plays many biological roles in many systems such as cardiovascular system.In recent years,a lot of research has confirmed H2S has myocardial protective effect on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,ischemia-reperfusion injury,hypertension and heart failure.This paper reviews the research status of myocardial protective effect of H2S on cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1707601)project of Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021430)+1 种基金project of Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IAGM2020C26)project of Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(122363KYSB20190033)。
文摘Efficient and low-cost recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),LFP)batteries has become an inevitable trend.In this study,an integrated closed-loop recycling strategy including isomorphic substitution leaching and solvent extraction process for spent LFP was proposed.An inexpensive FeCl_(3)was used as leaching agent to directly substitute Fe^(2+)from LFP.99%of Li can be rapidly leached in just 30 min,accompanied by 98%of FePO_(4)precipitated in lixivium.The tri-n-butyl phosphate(TBP)-sulfonated kerosene(SK)system was applied to extract Li from lixivium through a twelve-stage countercurrent process containing synchronous extraction and stepwise stripping of Li^(+)and Fe^(3+).80.81%of Li can be selectively enriched in stripping liquor containing 3.059 mol·L^(-1)of Li^(+)under optimal conditions.And the Fe stripping liquor was recovered for LFP re-leaching,of which,Fe^(2+)was oxidized to Fe^(3+)by appropriate H_(2)O_(2).Raffinate and lixivium were concentrated and entered into extraction process to accomplished closeloop recycling process.Overall,the results suggest that more than 99%of Li was recovered.FeCl_(3)holding in solution was directly regenerated without any pollutant emission.The sustainable mothed would be an alternative candidate for total element recycling of spent LFP batteries with industrial potential.
文摘Objective: Secretory breast carcinoma(SBC) is a rare type of breast malignancy, accounting for less than 0.02% of all infiltrating breast malignancies. The pure SBC, a type of SBC without another type of breast malignant neoplasm, is particularly rare. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of pure SBC.Methods: The main pathological parameters such as estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2(C-erbB-2) were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC), and the clinicopathologic and prognostic difference were compared with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC). Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to identify the ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement of SBC.Results: We found that the positivity rates of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, p53, and S-100 were 47.7%(21/44), 52.3%(23/44), 36.4%(16/44), 27.3%(12/44), and 95.5%(42/44), respectively, which were higher than those reported in previous studies. Special periodic acid-Schiff analysis was performed in 36 patients, and the value of the Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 50%(mean value:10%). Interestingly, most patients with pure SBC harbored an ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement with an 88.6%(39/44) expression rate. Compared with IDC, the tumor size of most patients with SBC was larger than 2 cm(P = 0.024). Ultrasound showed benign lesions, and the total misdiagnosis rate was higher(P = 0.020). Although the pathological classification was mostly triple-negative breast cancers(P = 0.036), there was less metastasis(P = 0.029), and the overall prognosis was better than that of the IDC group.Conclusions: Although axillary lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, or distant metastasis may occur, SBC is also considered an indolent neoplasm with a good prognosis. Once diagnosed, surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible,followed by appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy, irradiation, and endocrine therapies.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China–Qaidam Salt Lake Chemical Joint Scientific Research Funds(U1407203)
文摘The organic synergists, including Octanol, ethyl acetate(EA), butyl acetate(BA), methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK),diisobutyl ketone(DIBK), N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide(N523) and 8-hydroxylquiolate, were added to the TBP–FeCl_3 extraction system to extract lithium from brine. The effects of concentration of organic synergist and total organic extractant, molar ratio of Fe/Li, phase ratio, counter-current extraction and the acidity of stripping agent on lithium extraction were investigated to optimize the extraction conditions. Under the optimize conditions, the results of counter-current extraction showed the mixed extraction system was the preponderance on the lithium extraction. Especially the separation of lithium in organic phase and aqueous phase and the separation mass ratio of Mg/Li increased greatly. An extraction mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of FT-IR spectra and Raman spectra.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41330423, 41420104006 & 41530426 )the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.134111KYSB20160031
文摘Climate system models are useful tools for understanding the interactions among the components of the climate system and predicting/projecting future climate change. The development of climate models has been a central focus of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(LASG/IAP) since the establishment of the laboratory in 1985. In China, many pioneering component models and fully coupled models of the climate system have been developed by LASG/IAP. The fully coupled climate system developed in the recent decade is named FGOALS(Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model). In this paper, an application-oriented review of the LASG/IAP FGOALS model is presented. The improved model performances are demonstrated in the context of cloud-radiation processes, Asian monsoon, ENSO phenomena, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC) and sea ice. The FGOALS model has contributed to both CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-phase 5) and IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) AR5(the Fifth Assessment Report). The release of FGOALS data has supported the publication of nearly 500 papers around the world. The results of FGOALS are cited ~106 times in the IPCC WG1(Working Group 1) AR5. In addition to the traditional long-term simulations and projections, near-term decadal climate prediction is a new set of CMIP experiment, progress of LAGS/IAP in the development of nearterm decadal prediction system is reviewed. The FGOALS model has supported many Chinese national-level research projects and contributed to the national climate change assessment report. The crucial role of FGOALS as a modeling tool for supporting climate sciences is highlighted by demonstrating the model's performances in the simulation of the evolution of Earth's climate from the past to the future.
基金supported by the National Creative Research Groups Science Foundation of China (NCRGSFC:60721062)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No.2007CB714000)
文摘A sparse approximation algorithm based on projection is presented in this paper in order to overcome the limitation of the non-sparsity of least squares support vector machines(LS-SVM).The new inputs are projected into the subspace spanned by previous basis vectors(BV) and those inputs whose squared distance from the subspace is higher than a threshold are added in the BV set,while others are rejected.This consequently results in the sparse approximation.In addition,a recursive approach to deleting an exiting vector in the BV set is proposed.Then the online LS-SVM,sparse approximation and BV removal are combined to produce the sparse online LS-SVM algorithm that can control the size of memory irrespective of the processed data size.The suggested algorithm is applied in the online modeling of a pH neutralizing process and the isomerization plant of a refinery,respectively.The detailed comparison of computing time and precision is also given between the suggested algorithm and the nonsparse one.The results show that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the sparsity just with little cost of precision.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 50239050],[grantnumber 40571029],[grant number 40901028]
文摘For recent years,runoff generation and hydrological processes in Hailiutu River basin have been greatly changed by climate change and human activity,especially water and soil conservation construction.In this study,the trends in precipitation,evapotranspiration(ET)and river runoff as well as the effects of precipitation change and human activity on runoff variation have been studied.The results showed that during 1960-2000,annual precipitation and river runoff,monthly precipitation and ET in September and October as well as monthly runoff in all months showed a significant decrease.In addition,peak flow and base flow had a large decrease.Under the joint influence of precipitation change and human activity,the mean annual runoff decreased by 35 million m3 from the baseline period(1960-1985)to the change period(1986-2000),which accounted for 60.9%and 39.1%of the total runoff decrease,respectively.Precipitation change played a primary role in the decrease of annual runoff whereas human activity,particularly water and soil conservation construction,also had remarkable impacts on runoff variation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82072588,82002601,81872143,and 81702280)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(Grant Nos.2015BAI12B15 and 2018ZX09201015)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of Chinathe Net Construction of Human Genetic Resource Bio-bank in North China(2016YFC1201703),the Projects of Science and Technology of Tianjin(Grant Nos.13ZCZCSY20300 and 18JCQNJC82700)the Key Project of Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission(Grant No.16KG126).
文摘Objective:Approximately 5%–10%of breast cancer(BC)patients display familial traits that are genetically inherited among the members of a family.The purpose of this study was to profile the germline mutations in 43 genes with different penetration rates and their correlations with phenotypic traits in Chinese familial BC families.Methods:Ion Torrent S5™-based next generation sequencing was conducted on 116 subjects from 27 Chinese familial BC families.Results:Eighty-one germline mutations in 27 BC predisposition genes were identified in 82.8%(96/116)of the cases.Among these,80.8%of the mutated genes were related to DNA damage repair.Fourteen possible disease-causing variants were identified in 13 of 27 BC families.Only 25.9%(7/27)of the BC families exhibited hereditary deficiency in BRCA1/2 genes,while 22.2%of the BC families exhibited defects in non-BRCA genes.In all,41.7%(40/96)of the mutation carriers had BRCA mutations,88.5%(85/96)had non-BRCA mutations,and 30.2%(29/96)had both BRCA and non-BRCA mutations.The BC patients with BRCA mutations had a higher risk of axillary lymph node metastases than those without mutations(P<0.05).However,the BC patients with non-BRCA mutations frequently had a higher occurrence of benign breast diseases than those without mutations(P<0.05).Conclusions:In addition to BRCA1/2,genetic variants in non-BRCA DNA repair genes might play significant roles in the development of familial/hereditary BC.Therefore,profiling of multiple BC predisposition genes should be more valuable for screening potential pathogenic germline mutations in Chinese familial/hereditary BC.
基金financial support from the Tangshan Talent Funding Project(A202202007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21703065)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2018209267)the World Premier International Research Center Initiative(WPI Initiative)on Materials Nanoarchitectonics(MANA),the MEXT(Japan)the Photoexcitonix Project in Hokkaido Universitythe JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Number JP18H02065)。
文摘Taking copper doped ZnS(ZnS:Cu)nanocrystals as the main body of photocatalyst,the influence of different base transition metal ions(M^(2+)=Ni^(2+),Co^(2+),Fe^(2+)and Cd^(2+))on photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction in inorganic reaction system is investigated.Confined single-atom Ni^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)sites were created via cation-exchange process and enhanced CO_(2)reduction,while Fe^(2+)suppressed the photocatalytic activity for both water and CO_(2)reduction.The modified ZnS:Cu photocatalysts(M/ZnS:Cu)demonstrated tunable product selectivity,with Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)showing high selectivity for syngas production and Cd^(2+)displaying remarkable formate selectivity.DFT calculations indicated favorable H adsorption free energy on Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)sites,promoting the hydrogen evolution reaction.The selectivity of CO_(2)reduction products was found to be sensitive to the initial intermediate adsorption states.*COOH formed on Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)while*OCHO formed on Cd^(2+),favoring the production of CO and HCOOH as the main products,respectively.This work provides valuable insights for developing efficient solar-to-fuel platforms with controlled CO_(2)reduction selectivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81000852 and 81301677the AHA Award,No.17POST32530004+1 种基金the Supporting Project of Science & Technology of Sichuan Province of China,No.2012SZ0140the Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,No.201022896
文摘Rodents have been widely used in the production of cerebral ischemia models. However, successful therapies have been proven on experimental rodent stroke model, and they have often failed to be effective when tested clinically. Therefore, nonhuman primates were recommended as the ideal alternatives, owing to their similarities with the human cerebrovascular system, brain metabolism, grey to white matter ratio and even their rich behavioral repertoire. The present review is a thorough summary of ten methods that establish nonhuman primate models of focal cerebral ischemia; electrocoagulation, endothelin-1-induced occlusion, microvascular clip occlusion, autologous blood clot embolization, balloon inflation, microcatheter embolization, coil embolization, surgical suture embolization, suture, and photochemical induction methods. This review addresses the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as precautions for each model, compared nonhuman primates with rodents, different species of nonhuman primates and different modeling methods. Finally it discusses various factors that need to be considered when modelling and the method of evaluation after modelling. These are critical for understanding their respective strengths and weaknesses and underlie the selection of the optimum model.
文摘目的:探讨代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MetS)与胃癌发病风险及其临床病理特征的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2011年2月至2013年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院经病理确诊的808例胃癌患者的病例情况、术前检查及临床病理资料,同时选取1 146例随机对照者,分析其Mets与临床病理特征相关性。结果:与对照组相比,所有胃癌患者甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)水平较高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平较低,高血压发病率较高。胃癌患者MetS阳性率显著高于对照组(19.1%vs. 9.6%)。MetS的发生与胃癌发病风险相关[总体:OR=2.535(1.805~3.562),女性:OR=1.514(1.197~2.390),男性:OR=2.683(1.798~4.004)]。MetS包含的各个代谢因素异常均能提高胃癌患者的发病风险,包括高身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及TG、低HDL-C、高血压和糖尿病。在男性胃癌患者中,高BMI、高血压和糖尿病是胃癌发病风险升高的重要因素;在女性胃癌患者中,低HDL-C、高血压和糖尿病与胃癌发病风险增加密切相关。MetS与低分化腺癌,较晚的T、N分期及TNM分期相关。结论:本研究胃癌患者MetS及其包含的各项代谢相关因素异常率均高于对照组,并且在低、未分化和进展期胃癌患者中MetS相关的代谢异常更为多见,提示代谢紊乱可能在胃癌发生发展中发挥一定作用。
文摘目的:探讨研究转移性结直肠癌患者的生存率和预后风险因素,构建预后风险预测评分并进行验证。方法:选取2010年至2015年美国监测、流行病和结果队列(surveillance,epidemiology,and end results,SEER)诊断的转移性结直肠癌患者。采用Kaplan-Meier法研究患者生存率,并采用多因素Cox回归分析研究影响患者预后的风险因素。基于上述因素构建预后风险预测评分并进行预测准确性的内部评价,同时采用2016年诊断的患者进行预测评分的外部验证。结果:研究共选取转移性结直肠癌患者37092例,5年生存率为10.6%。年龄较高、黑种人、组织学分化程度较低、T分期较高、N分期、高癌胚抗原水平以及骨、脑、肝和肺转移是死亡的风险因素,而女性、已婚状态、有保险、非右半结肠和原发部位手术是死亡的保护性因素。验证性结果显示该预测评分具有较高的内部稳定性和外部适应性。结论:转移性结直肠癌患者预后较差,基于预后风险因素建立的预测模型能准确预测患者生存概率,帮助医生制定个体化治疗方案,提高患者生存率。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81770110,81900131,and 82000219)the Anticancer Major Special Project of Tianjin(Grant No.12ZCDZSY18000)+4 种基金the Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.18JCYBJC27200 and 18JCQNJC80400)the Tianjin Education Commission Research Project(Grant Nos.2018KJ043 and 2018KJ045)the Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission(Grant No.15KG150)the Youth Incubation Fund of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital(Grant No.ZYYFY2019020)the Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.20YFZCSY00060)。
文摘Objective:Myeloma bone disease(MBD)is the most common complication of multiple myeloma(MM).Our previous study showed that the serum levels of C3/C4 in MM patients were significantly positively correlated with the severity of bone disease.However,the mechanism of C3 a/C4 a in osteoclasts MM patients remains unclear.Methods:The formation and function of osteoclasts were analyzed after adding C3 a/C4 a in vitro.RNA-seq analysis was used to screen the potential pathways affecting osteoclasts,and the results were verified by Western blot,q RT-PCR,and pathway inhibitors.Results:The osteoclast area per view induced by 1μg/m L(mean±SD:50.828±12.984%)and 10μg/m L(53.663±12.685%)of C3 a was significantly increased compared to the control group(0μg/m L)(34.635±8.916%)(P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively).The relative m RNA expressions of genes,OSCAR/TRAP/RANKL/cathepsin K,induced by 1μg/m L(median:5.041,3.726,1.638,and 4.752,respectively)and 10μg/m L(median:5.140,3.702,2.250,and 5.172,respectively)of C3 a was significantly increased compared to the control group(median:3.137,2.004,0.573,and 2.257,respectively)(1μg/m L P=0.001,P=0.003,P<0.001,and P=0.008,respectively;10μg/m L:P<0.001,P=0.019,P<0.001,and P=0.002,respectively).The absorption areas of the osteoclast resorption pits per view induced by 1μg/m L(mean±SD:51.464±11.983%)and 10μg/m L(50.219±12.067%)of C3 a was also significantly increased(33.845±8.331%)(P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively)compared to the control.There was no difference between the C4 a and control groups.RNA-seq analysis showed that C3 a promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts using the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K)signaling pathway.The relative expressions of PIK3 CA/phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1(PDK1)/serum and glucocorticoid inducible protein kinases(SGK3)genes and PI3 K/PDK1/p-SGK3 protein in the C3 a group were significantly higher than in the control group.The activation role of C3 a in osteoclasts of MM patients was reduced by the SGK inhibitor(EMD638683).Conclusions:C3 a activated osteoclasts by regulating the PI3 K/PDK1/SGK3 pathways in MM patients,which was reduced using a SGK inhibitor.Overall,our results identified potential therapeutic targets and strategies for MBD patients。
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0603903,2017YFA0603901,and 2017YFA0603902)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB42010404)the National Basic Research(973)Program of China(Grant Nos.2015CB954102).
文摘This paper describes the datasets from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project(ScenarioMIP)simulation experiments run with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,GridPoint version 3(CAS FGOALS-g3).FGOALS-g3 is driven by eight shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs)with different sets of future emission,concentration,and land-use scenarios.All Tier 1 and 2 experiments were carried out and were initialized using historical runs.A branch run method was used for the ensemble simulations.Model outputs were three-hourly,six-hourly,daily,and/or monthly mean values for the primary variables of the four component models.An evaluation and analysis of the simulations is also presented.The present results are expected to aid research into future climate change and socio-economic development.
文摘The datasets of the five Land-offline Model Intercomparison Project(LMIP)experiments using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Land Surface Model(CAS-LSM)of CAS Flexible Global-Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model Grid-point version 3(CAS FGOALS-g3)are presented in this study.These experiments were forced by five global meteorological forcing datasets,which contributed to the framework of the Land Surface Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project(LS3MIP)of CMIP6.These datasets have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation node.In this paper,the basic descriptions of the CAS-LSM and the five LMIP experiments are shown.The performance of the soil moisture,snow,and land-atmosphere energy fluxes was preliminarily validated using satellite-based observations.Results show that their mean states,spatial patterns,and seasonal variations can be reproduced well by the five LMIP simulations.It suggests that these datasets can be used to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms of the global water and energy cycles during the past century.
基金This study was supported by National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences(2018YFA0605703)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB42010404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 41976026,41776030 and 41931183,41931182)。
文摘The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP)is an endorsed Model Intercomparison Project in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The goal of FAFMIP is to investigate the spread in the atmosphere–ocean general circulation model projections of ocean climate change forced by increased CO2,including the uncertainties in the simulations of ocean heat uptake,global mean sea level rise due to ocean thermal expansion and dynamic sea level change due to ocean circulation and density changes.The FAFMIP experiments have already been conducted with the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,gridpoint version 3.0(FGOALS-g3).The model datasets have been submitted to the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF)node.Here,the details of the experiments,the output variables and some baseline results are presented.Compared with the preliminary results of other models,the evolutions of global mean variables can be reproduced well by FGOALS-g3.The simulations of spatial patterns are also consistent with those of other models in most regions except the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean,indicating large uncertainties in the regional sea level projections of these two regions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(30901118,31172433)National Science & Technology Pillar Program(2012BAD25B06)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2011PY121,2011QC029,2013PY069,2013PY70,2013PY071)
文摘Dear Editor,Grass carp reovirus(GCRV),a member of the genus Aquareovirus in the family Reoviridae(Attoui H,et al,2002),is one of the most virulent aquareoviruses iden-tified so far,leading to high fatality rates(up to 85%)of fingerlings and yearlings of grass carp(Fang Q,et al,2007).No commercial vaccines against GCRV infection have been developed as yet.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases increase continually in the worldwide scale,and its specific pathogenesis has not been completely clear.The gas signal molecule hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is a new type of neuroactive substance,which plays many biological roles in many systems such as cardiovascular system.In recent years,a lot of research has confirmed H2S has myocardial protective effect on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,ischemia-reperfusion injury,hypertension and heart failure.This paper reviews the research status of myocardial protective effect of H2S on cardiovascular diseases.
