The abrupt occurrence of the Zhongbao landslide is totally unexpected,resulting in the destruction of local infrastructure and river blockage.To review the deformation history of the Zhongbao landslide and prevent the...The abrupt occurrence of the Zhongbao landslide is totally unexpected,resulting in the destruction of local infrastructure and river blockage.To review the deformation history of the Zhongbao landslide and prevent the threat of secondary disasters,the small baseline subsets(SBAS)technology is applied to process 59 synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images captured from Sentinel-1A satellite.Firstly,the time series deformation of the Zhongbao landslide along the radar line of sight(LOS)direction is calculated by SBAS technology.Then,the projection transformation is conducted to determine the slope displacement.Furthermore,the Hurst exponent of the surface deformation along the two directions is calculated to quantify the hidden deformation development trend and identify the unstable deformation areas.Given the suddenness of the Zhongbao landslide failure,the multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)technology is the ideal tool to obtain the surface deformation history without any monitoring equipment.The obtained deformation process indicates that the Zhongbao landslide is generally stable with slow creep deformation before failure.Moreover,the Hurst exponent distribution on the landslide surface in different time stages reveals more deformation evolution information of the Zhongbao landslide,with partially unstable areas detected before the failure.Two potential unstable areas after the Zhongbao landslide disaster are revealed by the Hurst exponent distribution and verified by the GNSS monitoring results and deformation mechanism discussion.The method combining SBASInSAR and Hurst exponent proposed in this study could help prevent and control secondary landslide disasters.展开更多
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or “statins”, are widely using cholesterol-lowering drugs with pleiotropic pharmacological effects. In this review, we summarized the pharmacolog...3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or “statins”, are widely using cholesterol-lowering drugs with pleiotropic pharmacological effects. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological effects of statins related to gap junction modulation. The main function of cellular gap junctions, which are composed of trans-membrane proteins named connexins (Cxs), is to mediate direct cell-to-cell communication through material exchange. Statins could rectify the disturbed expression, distribution, or phosphorylation of Cxs and thus modify the functions of gap junctions in a variety of tissues like the aorta, cardiomyocytes, or tumors. The effects of statins on Cxs and gap junctions were associated with their pharmacological activities against atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, and tumors. Despite some evidences suggested that the anti-inflammatory or HMG-CoA reductase inhibiting effects of statins may contribute in part to the modulation of Cxs and gap junctions, the detailed underlying mechanisms are largely unrevealed and merit further investigation. In addition, it is likely that the modulating effects of statins on gap junctions may also contribute to their pharmacological activities against some diabetic complications. Future studies of these issues will help to provide scientific evidences for the appropriate clinical application of statins.展开更多
The interfacial enhanced ferromagnetism in maganite/ruthenate system is regarded as a promising path to broaden the potential of oxide-based electronic device applications.Here,we systematically studied the physical p...The interfacial enhanced ferromagnetism in maganite/ruthenate system is regarded as a promising path to broaden the potential of oxide-based electronic device applications.Here,we systematically studied the physical properties of La_(1-x)Ca_(x)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)superlattices and compared them with the La1-x Cax MnO_(3)thin films and bulk compounds.The La_(1-x)Ca_(x)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)superlattices exhibit significant enhancement of Curie temperature(TC)beyond the corresponding thin films and bulks.Based on these results,we constructed an extended phase diagram of La_(1-x)Ca_(x)MnO_(3)under interfacial engineering.We considered the interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity effects as the origin of the interfaceinduced high TC.The structural characterizations revealed a pronounced increase of B-O-B bond angle,which could be the main driving force for the high TCin the superlattices.Our work inspires a deeper understanding of the collective effects of interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity on the physical properties of oxide heterostructures.展开更多
Soil erodibility(K)is a key factor of soil erosion,and its appropriate quantification and interpolation are vitally important for soil and water conservation.The traditional point-represent-polygon approaches and comm...Soil erodibility(K)is a key factor of soil erosion,and its appropriate quantification and interpolation are vitally important for soil and water conservation.The traditional point-represent-polygon approaches and common kriging method for the estimation of K,however,do not sufficiently represent the original data.The objectives of this study were to simulate the spatial distribution of K using a sequential Gaussian algorithm and analyze the uncertainty in evaluating the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.We determined 101 sampling points in the area and collected disturbed soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer at each point.Soil properties were determined,and K was calculated using five common models:the EPIC(Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator),approximate nomograph,Torri,Shirazi,and Wang models.Among the chosen models,the EPIC model performed the best at estimating K(KEPIC),which ranged from 0.019 to 0.060 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1),with a mean of 0.043 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1).The KEPIC was moderately spatially variable and had a limited spatial structure,increasing from south to north in our study area,and all spatial simulations using the cooperative kriging(CK)interpolation and the sequential Gaussian simulation(SGS)with 10,25,50,100,200,and 500 realizations had acceptable accuracies.The CK interpolation narrowed the range,and the SGS maintained the original characteristics of the calculated data.The proportions of the risk area were 38.0% and 10.1%,when the risk probability for K was 60% and 80%,respectively,and high risk areas were mostly located in the north.The results provide scientific guidance for managing the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the performance of^(18)F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(PET/CT)models for predicting benign-vs-malignancy,high pathological grade(Gleason score>7),and cl...This study aimed to investigate the performance of^(18)F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(PET/CT)models for predicting benign-vs-malignancy,high pathological grade(Gleason score>7),and clinical D'Amico classifcation with machine learning.The study included 138 patients with treatment-naïve prostate cancer presenting positive^(18)F-DCFPyL scans.The primary lesions were delineated on PET images,followed by the extraction of tumor-to-backgroundbased general and higher-order textural features by applying fve diferent binning approaches.Three layer-machine learning approaches were used to identify relevant in vivo features and patient characteristics and their relative weights for predicting high-risk malignant disease.The weighted features were integrated and implemented to establish individual predictive models for malignancy(Mm),high path-risk lesions(by Gleason score)(Mgs),and high clinical risk disease(by amico)(Mamico).The established models were validated in a Monte Carlo cross-validation scheme.In patients with all primary prostate cancer,the highest areas under the curve for our models were calculated.The performance of established models as revealed by the Monte Carlo cross-validation presenting as the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve(AUC):0.97 for Mm,AUC:0.73 for Mgs,AUC:0.82 for Mamico.Our study demonstrated the clinical potential of^(18)F-DCFPyL PET/CT radiomics in distinguishing malignant from benign prostate tumors,and high-risk tumors,without biopsy sampling.And in vivo^(18)F-DCFPyL PET/CT can be considered a noninvasive tool for virtual biopsy for personalized treatment management.展开更多
Interfacial magnetism in functional oxide heterostructures not only exhibits intriguing physical phenomena but also implies great potential for device applications.In these systems,interfacial structural and electroni...Interfacial magnetism in functional oxide heterostructures not only exhibits intriguing physical phenomena but also implies great potential for device applications.In these systems,interfacial structural and electronic reconstructions are essential for improving the stability and tunability of the magnetic properties.In this work,we constructed ultra-thinLa_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)(SRO)layers into superlattices,which exhibited a robust ferromagnetic phase.The high Curie temperature(TC)reaches 291 K,more than 30 K higher than that of bulk LCMO.We found that the LCMO/SRO superlattices consisted of atomically-sharp and asymmetric heterointerfaces.Such a unique interface structure can trigger a sizable charge transfer as well as a ferroelectric-like polar distortion.These two interfacial effects cooperatively stabilized the high-T_(C)ferromagnetic phase.Our results could pave a promising approach towards effective control of interfacial magnetism and new designs of oxide-based spintronic devices.展开更多
Seahorses are a hallmark of specialized morphological features due to their elongated prehensile tail.However,the underlying genomic grounds of seahorse tail development remain elusive.Herein,we evaluated the roles of...Seahorses are a hallmark of specialized morphological features due to their elongated prehensile tail.However,the underlying genomic grounds of seahorse tail development remain elusive.Herein,we evaluated the roles of essential genes from the Wnt gene family for the tail developmental process in the lined seahorse(Hippocampus erectus).Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the Wnt gene family is conserved in seahorses.The expression profiles and in situ hybridization suggested that Wnt5a,Wnt8a,and Wnt11 may participate in seahorse tail development.Like in other teleosts,Wnt5a and Wntll were found to regulate the development of the tail axial mesoderm and tail somitic mesoderm,respectively.However,a significantly extended expression period of Wnt8a during seahorse tail development was observed.Signaling pathway analysis further showed that Wnt5a up-regulated the expression of the tail axial mesoderm gene(Shh),while interaction analysis indicated that Wnt8a could promote the expression of Wntll.In summary,our results indicate that the special extended expression period of Wnt8a might promote caudal tail axis formation,which contributes to the formation of the elongated tail of the seahorse.展开更多
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3901403)Project supported by graduate research and innovation foundation of Chongqing,China(Grant No.CYS23115)Special project for performance incentive and guidance of scientific research institutions in Chongqing(Grant No.cstc2021jxjl120011)are greatly appreciated。
文摘The abrupt occurrence of the Zhongbao landslide is totally unexpected,resulting in the destruction of local infrastructure and river blockage.To review the deformation history of the Zhongbao landslide and prevent the threat of secondary disasters,the small baseline subsets(SBAS)technology is applied to process 59 synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images captured from Sentinel-1A satellite.Firstly,the time series deformation of the Zhongbao landslide along the radar line of sight(LOS)direction is calculated by SBAS technology.Then,the projection transformation is conducted to determine the slope displacement.Furthermore,the Hurst exponent of the surface deformation along the two directions is calculated to quantify the hidden deformation development trend and identify the unstable deformation areas.Given the suddenness of the Zhongbao landslide failure,the multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)technology is the ideal tool to obtain the surface deformation history without any monitoring equipment.The obtained deformation process indicates that the Zhongbao landslide is generally stable with slow creep deformation before failure.Moreover,the Hurst exponent distribution on the landslide surface in different time stages reveals more deformation evolution information of the Zhongbao landslide,with partially unstable areas detected before the failure.Two potential unstable areas after the Zhongbao landslide disaster are revealed by the Hurst exponent distribution and verified by the GNSS monitoring results and deformation mechanism discussion.The method combining SBASInSAR and Hurst exponent proposed in this study could help prevent and control secondary landslide disasters.
文摘3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or “statins”, are widely using cholesterol-lowering drugs with pleiotropic pharmacological effects. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological effects of statins related to gap junction modulation. The main function of cellular gap junctions, which are composed of trans-membrane proteins named connexins (Cxs), is to mediate direct cell-to-cell communication through material exchange. Statins could rectify the disturbed expression, distribution, or phosphorylation of Cxs and thus modify the functions of gap junctions in a variety of tissues like the aorta, cardiomyocytes, or tumors. The effects of statins on Cxs and gap junctions were associated with their pharmacological activities against atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, and tumors. Despite some evidences suggested that the anti-inflammatory or HMG-CoA reductase inhibiting effects of statins may contribute in part to the modulation of Cxs and gap junctions, the detailed underlying mechanisms are largely unrevealed and merit further investigation. In addition, it is likely that the modulating effects of statins on gap junctions may also contribute to their pharmacological activities against some diabetic complications. Future studies of these issues will help to provide scientific evidences for the appropriate clinical application of statins.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0401003,2017YFA0403502,and2020YFA0309100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974326,12074365,11804342,U2032218,and 51872278)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.WK2030000035 and WK2340000102)Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2020HSC-UE014)。
文摘The interfacial enhanced ferromagnetism in maganite/ruthenate system is regarded as a promising path to broaden the potential of oxide-based electronic device applications.Here,we systematically studied the physical properties of La_(1-x)Ca_(x)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)superlattices and compared them with the La1-x Cax MnO_(3)thin films and bulk compounds.The La_(1-x)Ca_(x)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)superlattices exhibit significant enhancement of Curie temperature(TC)beyond the corresponding thin films and bulks.Based on these results,we constructed an extended phase diagram of La_(1-x)Ca_(x)MnO_(3)under interfacial engineering.We considered the interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity effects as the origin of the interfaceinduced high TC.The structural characterizations revealed a pronounced increase of B-O-B bond angle,which could be the main driving force for the high TCin the superlattices.Our work inspires a deeper understanding of the collective effects of interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity on the physical properties of oxide heterostructures.
基金financially supported by the Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water ResourcesChina(No.SYST-2019-013)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceChina(No.BK20181109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41807019)the Jiangsu Science and Technology Department(No.2019039)the Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station of Jiangsu ProvinceChina(No.JSSW201911005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1801801)。
文摘Soil erodibility(K)is a key factor of soil erosion,and its appropriate quantification and interpolation are vitally important for soil and water conservation.The traditional point-represent-polygon approaches and common kriging method for the estimation of K,however,do not sufficiently represent the original data.The objectives of this study were to simulate the spatial distribution of K using a sequential Gaussian algorithm and analyze the uncertainty in evaluating the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.We determined 101 sampling points in the area and collected disturbed soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer at each point.Soil properties were determined,and K was calculated using five common models:the EPIC(Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator),approximate nomograph,Torri,Shirazi,and Wang models.Among the chosen models,the EPIC model performed the best at estimating K(KEPIC),which ranged from 0.019 to 0.060 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1),with a mean of 0.043 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1).The KEPIC was moderately spatially variable and had a limited spatial structure,increasing from south to north in our study area,and all spatial simulations using the cooperative kriging(CK)interpolation and the sequential Gaussian simulation(SGS)with 10,25,50,100,200,and 500 realizations had acceptable accuracies.The CK interpolation narrowed the range,and the SGS maintained the original characteristics of the calculated data.The proportions of the risk area were 38.0% and 10.1%,when the risk probability for K was 60% and 80%,respectively,and high risk areas were mostly located in the north.The results provide scientific guidance for managing the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the performance of^(18)F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(PET/CT)models for predicting benign-vs-malignancy,high pathological grade(Gleason score>7),and clinical D'Amico classifcation with machine learning.The study included 138 patients with treatment-naïve prostate cancer presenting positive^(18)F-DCFPyL scans.The primary lesions were delineated on PET images,followed by the extraction of tumor-to-backgroundbased general and higher-order textural features by applying fve diferent binning approaches.Three layer-machine learning approaches were used to identify relevant in vivo features and patient characteristics and their relative weights for predicting high-risk malignant disease.The weighted features were integrated and implemented to establish individual predictive models for malignancy(Mm),high path-risk lesions(by Gleason score)(Mgs),and high clinical risk disease(by amico)(Mamico).The established models were validated in a Monte Carlo cross-validation scheme.In patients with all primary prostate cancer,the highest areas under the curve for our models were calculated.The performance of established models as revealed by the Monte Carlo cross-validation presenting as the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve(AUC):0.97 for Mm,AUC:0.73 for Mgs,AUC:0.82 for Mamico.Our study demonstrated the clinical potential of^(18)F-DCFPyL PET/CT radiomics in distinguishing malignant from benign prostate tumors,and high-risk tumors,without biopsy sampling.And in vivo^(18)F-DCFPyL PET/CT can be considered a noninvasive tool for virtual biopsy for personalized treatment management.
基金This work has supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2016YFA0401003,2017YFA0403502,and 2020YFA0309100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11974326,12074365,11804342,U2032218,and 51872278)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.WK2030000035 and WK2340000102)Hefei Science Center CAS.L.S.and K.H.were supported by the Austrian Science Fund(FWF)through Projects Nos.P30997 and P32044Calculations have been done on the Vienna Scientific Clusters(VSC).
文摘Interfacial magnetism in functional oxide heterostructures not only exhibits intriguing physical phenomena but also implies great potential for device applications.In these systems,interfacial structural and electronic reconstructions are essential for improving the stability and tunability of the magnetic properties.In this work,we constructed ultra-thinLa_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)(SRO)layers into superlattices,which exhibited a robust ferromagnetic phase.The high Curie temperature(TC)reaches 291 K,more than 30 K higher than that of bulk LCMO.We found that the LCMO/SRO superlattices consisted of atomically-sharp and asymmetric heterointerfaces.Such a unique interface structure can trigger a sizable charge transfer as well as a ferroelectric-like polar distortion.These two interfacial effects cooperatively stabilized the high-T_(C)ferromagnetic phase.Our results could pave a promising approach towards effective control of interfacial magnetism and new designs of oxide-based spintronic devices.
基金This work was supported by the K.C.Wong Education Foundation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.41825013,41706178,41576145,41806189,32000350)the China postdoctoral science foundation grant(no.2019M663151),the Guangdong Special Support Program of Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation(2017TQ04Z269)We are also grateful to Wenqi Hu for help with cell culture.
文摘Seahorses are a hallmark of specialized morphological features due to their elongated prehensile tail.However,the underlying genomic grounds of seahorse tail development remain elusive.Herein,we evaluated the roles of essential genes from the Wnt gene family for the tail developmental process in the lined seahorse(Hippocampus erectus).Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the Wnt gene family is conserved in seahorses.The expression profiles and in situ hybridization suggested that Wnt5a,Wnt8a,and Wnt11 may participate in seahorse tail development.Like in other teleosts,Wnt5a and Wntll were found to regulate the development of the tail axial mesoderm and tail somitic mesoderm,respectively.However,a significantly extended expression period of Wnt8a during seahorse tail development was observed.Signaling pathway analysis further showed that Wnt5a up-regulated the expression of the tail axial mesoderm gene(Shh),while interaction analysis indicated that Wnt8a could promote the expression of Wntll.In summary,our results indicate that the special extended expression period of Wnt8a might promote caudal tail axis formation,which contributes to the formation of the elongated tail of the seahorse.
