Plate subduction leads to complex exhumation processes on continents.The Huangling Massif lies at the northern margin of the South China Block.Whether the Huangling Massif was exhumed as a watershed of the middle reac...Plate subduction leads to complex exhumation processes on continents.The Huangling Massif lies at the northern margin of the South China Block.Whether the Huangling Massif was exhumed as a watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River during the Mesozoic remains under debate.We examined the exhumation history of the Huangling Massif based on six granite bedrock samples,using apatite fission track(AFT)and apatite and zircon(U-Th)/He(AHe and ZHe)thermochronology.These samples yielded ages of 157–132 Ma(ZHe),119–106 Ma(AFT),and 114–72 Ma(AHe),respectively.Thermal modeling revealed that three phases of rapid cooling occurred during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous,late Early Cretaceous,and Late Cretaceous.These exhumation processes led to the high topographic relief responsible for the emergence of the Huangling Massif.The integrated of our new data with published sedimentological records suggests that the Huangling Massif might have been the watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River since the Cretaceous.At that time,the rivers flowed westward into the Sichuan Basin and eastward into the Jianghan Basin.The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Asian continent in the Mesozoic deeply influenced the geomorphic evolution of the South China Block.展开更多
Self-renewal and differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells(SSPCs)are tightly regulated processes,with SSPC dysregulation leading to progressive bone disease.While the application of single-cell RNA sequenc...Self-renewal and differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells(SSPCs)are tightly regulated processes,with SSPC dysregulation leading to progressive bone disease.While the application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)to the bone field has led to major advancements in our understanding of SSPC heterogeneity,stem cells are tightly regulated by their neighboring cells which comprise the bone marrow niche.However,unbiased interrogation of these cells at the transcriptional level within their native niche environment has been challenging.Here,we combined spatial transcriptomics and scRNAseq using a predictive modeling pipeline derived from multiple deconvolution packages in adult mouse femurs to provide an endogenous,in vivo context of SSPCs within the niche.This combined approach localized SSPC subtypes to specific regions of the bone and identified cellular components and signaling networks utilized within the niche.Furthermore,the use of spatial transcriptomics allowed us to identify spatially restricted activation of metabolic and major morphogenetic signaling gradients derived from the vasculature and bone surfaces that establish microdomains within the marrow cavity.Overall,we demonstrate,for the first time,the feasibility of applying spatial transcriptomics to fully mineralized tissue and present a combined spatial and single-cell transcriptomic approach to define the cellular components of the stem cell niche,identify cell-cell communication,and ultimately gain a comprehensive understanding of local and global SSPC regulatory networks within calcified tissue.展开更多
Background:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is a neuromuscular blocking agent.BTX-A inhibits acetylcholine release,causes neuromuscular transmission impairment,and decreases muscle spasms.Objective:To explore the efficacy...Background:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is a neuromuscular blocking agent.BTX-A inhibits acetylcholine release,causes neuromuscular transmission impairment,and decreases muscle spasms.Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of BTX-A injection in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy through systematic evaluation and to provide a reference for the clinical use of BTX-A.Methods:We used“Cerebral palsy”and“BTX-A”as the subject terms and used a combination of subject terms and free words for the search.We searched 7 databases,including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed,PubMed,Embase,and Web of science.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,we screened the articles by reading their titles,abstracts,and full texts and finally included relevant literature for systematic evaluation.Result:A total of 93 papers were systematically evaluated,revealing that BTX-A injection treatment can effectively reduce muscle tone,increase joint mobility,improve gait and motor posture,and enhance gross motor movements in patients with spastic cerebral palsy.The benefits of BTX-A treatment can be sustained for 3–6 months,with motor ability improvement lasting up to 1 year.Combining BTX-A treatment with rehabilitation or external fixation therapy can enhance its efficacy.However,the effectiveness of BTX-A treatment is influenced by several factors,such as the dosage,number of injections,and patient age.Adverse reactions to BTX-A treatment are typically mild and can be relieved within 1–2 weeks.Conclusion:BTX-A injection is relatively safe but reversible.展开更多
Clay-type Li deposits are poised to play a pivotal role in addressing the surging global demand for Li.The McDermitt clay-type Li deposit,located in Nevada,is the largest Li deposit in the United States,with Li hosted...Clay-type Li deposits are poised to play a pivotal role in addressing the surging global demand for Li.The McDermitt clay-type Li deposit,located in Nevada,is the largest Li deposit in the United States,with Li hosted by a clay-rich sequence of smectite-dominated intervals and illite-dominated intervals,respectively.However,the occurrence of Li and the genesis of Li-bearing minerals within smectite-dominated intervals have not been thoroughly investigated in previous research.Here,we studied the mineralogy,the in-situ Li distribution,and the bonding environments of Li within the smectite intervals using a combination of instru-mental techniques including scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry,and nuclear magnetic resonance.Our results indicate that the smectite exhibits low crystallinity characteristics of lacustrine clay authigenesis and is com-monly found tofill the interstices among volcanic minerals or envelop them;Li is mainly hosted by Mg-smectite rather than the volcanic minerals.Within the tuffaceous sediment samples,the volcanic glass has undergone a transformation,resulting in its complete disappearance and alteration into clay minerals.Owing to the octahedral sites of Mg-smectite bounded in Li,it is referred to be hectorite.We interpret that the hectorite’s precipitation occurs in a high saline-alkaline water environment,a result of McDermitt tuffdissolution.This conclusion can be supported by the coexistence of spherulitic calcite and hectorite.Overall,this study confirms hectorite as the main Li-bearing mineral and increases the understanding of the genetic model of hectorite formation in intracontinental caldera basins.展开更多
BACKGROUND Collision tumors involving the small intestine,specifically the combination of a hamartomatous tumor and a lipoma,are extremely rare.To our knowledge,no previous case report has described a collision tumor ...BACKGROUND Collision tumors involving the small intestine,specifically the combination of a hamartomatous tumor and a lipoma,are extremely rare.To our knowledge,no previous case report has described a collision tumor composed of two benign tumors of different origins in the small intestine.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present the case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with hemorrhagic shock and was found to have a mass measuring approximately 50 mm×32 mm×30 mm in the terminal ileum.Based on computed tomography scan findings,the mass was initially suspected to be a lipoma.A subsequent colonoscopy revealed a pedunculated submucosal elevation consisting of two distinct parts with a visible demarcation line.A biopsy of the upper portion suggested a juvenile polyp(JP).Owing to the patient’s advanced age,multiple comorbidities,and poor surgical tolerance,a modified endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed.Histopathological examination of the excised mucosal mass revealed a lipoma at the base and a JP at the top,demonstrating evidence of rupture and associated bleeding.The patient’s overall health remained satisfactory,with no recurrence of hematochezia during the six-month follow-up period.CONCLUSION This case report provides new evidence for the understanding of gastrointestinal collision tumors,emphasizing their diverse clinical presentations and histopathological characteristics.It also offers diagnostic and therapeutic insights as well as an approach for managing benign collision tumors.展开更多
AIM: To compare apelin-13, a ligand of G-proteincoupled receptor which has been shown to be involved in retinal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) serum levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)...AIM: To compare apelin-13, a ligand of G-proteincoupled receptor which has been shown to be involved in retinal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) serum levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) with or without retinopathy, and to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of apelin-13 and diabetes retinopathy.METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with T2 DM were enrolled.Of the 69 patients, 16 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR group), 23 had non-PDR(NPDR group)and 30 had no retinopathy(T2DM group). Subjects' information, including demographics, medical history,and use of medications were recorded. Their serum samples were collected for measuring the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), serum lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin. Apelin-13 and VEGF serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences among these groups. Chi-square test was used to assess categorical variables.Correlations between variables were investigated by Spearman rho correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS 17.0 software.RESULTS: Sex, age, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, CRP, hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c) have no significantly difference in the three groups. Serum level of apelin-13 was significantly elevated in PDR group as compared with T2 DM group(P =0.041). Differences of VEGF serum concentration in the three groups were statistically significant(P =0.007, P =0.007 and P <0.001,respectively). Spearman rho correlation test showed that serum apelin-13 was positively correlated with BMI,serum triglycerides, VEGF, but not with age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, CRP, Hb A1 c and total-cholesterol. Stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI also significantly associated with serum apelin-13(P =0.002), while VEGF and serum triglycerides were irrelevant. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated a positive association of apelin-13 serum level with PDR, but not with VEGF. Apelin-13 may influence the promotion of PDR but unrelated with VEGF.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41671011,41871019,41877292,41972212)Research Foundation of Chutian Scholars Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.8210403)Shanxi Key Research and Development program:Feng Cheng(Grant No.2021SF2-03).
文摘Plate subduction leads to complex exhumation processes on continents.The Huangling Massif lies at the northern margin of the South China Block.Whether the Huangling Massif was exhumed as a watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River during the Mesozoic remains under debate.We examined the exhumation history of the Huangling Massif based on six granite bedrock samples,using apatite fission track(AFT)and apatite and zircon(U-Th)/He(AHe and ZHe)thermochronology.These samples yielded ages of 157–132 Ma(ZHe),119–106 Ma(AFT),and 114–72 Ma(AHe),respectively.Thermal modeling revealed that three phases of rapid cooling occurred during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous,late Early Cretaceous,and Late Cretaceous.These exhumation processes led to the high topographic relief responsible for the emergence of the Huangling Massif.The integrated of our new data with published sedimentological records suggests that the Huangling Massif might have been the watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River since the Cretaceous.At that time,the rivers flowed westward into the Sichuan Basin and eastward into the Jianghan Basin.The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Asian continent in the Mesozoic deeply influenced the geomorphic evolution of the South China Block.
基金funded by R01HD107034 and R21HD106162 by the NIH/NICHD(MCS)the Faculty of Surgery Pilot Research Award and grant HT94252310327 from the DoD(R.J.T.)。
文摘Self-renewal and differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells(SSPCs)are tightly regulated processes,with SSPC dysregulation leading to progressive bone disease.While the application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)to the bone field has led to major advancements in our understanding of SSPC heterogeneity,stem cells are tightly regulated by their neighboring cells which comprise the bone marrow niche.However,unbiased interrogation of these cells at the transcriptional level within their native niche environment has been challenging.Here,we combined spatial transcriptomics and scRNAseq using a predictive modeling pipeline derived from multiple deconvolution packages in adult mouse femurs to provide an endogenous,in vivo context of SSPCs within the niche.This combined approach localized SSPC subtypes to specific regions of the bone and identified cellular components and signaling networks utilized within the niche.Furthermore,the use of spatial transcriptomics allowed us to identify spatially restricted activation of metabolic and major morphogenetic signaling gradients derived from the vasculature and bone surfaces that establish microdomains within the marrow cavity.Overall,we demonstrate,for the first time,the feasibility of applying spatial transcriptomics to fully mineralized tissue and present a combined spatial and single-cell transcriptomic approach to define the cellular components of the stem cell niche,identify cell-cell communication,and ultimately gain a comprehensive understanding of local and global SSPC regulatory networks within calcified tissue.
文摘Background:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is a neuromuscular blocking agent.BTX-A inhibits acetylcholine release,causes neuromuscular transmission impairment,and decreases muscle spasms.Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of BTX-A injection in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy through systematic evaluation and to provide a reference for the clinical use of BTX-A.Methods:We used“Cerebral palsy”and“BTX-A”as the subject terms and used a combination of subject terms and free words for the search.We searched 7 databases,including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed,PubMed,Embase,and Web of science.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,we screened the articles by reading their titles,abstracts,and full texts and finally included relevant literature for systematic evaluation.Result:A total of 93 papers were systematically evaluated,revealing that BTX-A injection treatment can effectively reduce muscle tone,increase joint mobility,improve gait and motor posture,and enhance gross motor movements in patients with spastic cerebral palsy.The benefits of BTX-A treatment can be sustained for 3–6 months,with motor ability improvement lasting up to 1 year.Combining BTX-A treatment with rehabilitation or external fixation therapy can enhance its efficacy.However,the effectiveness of BTX-A treatment is influenced by several factors,such as the dosage,number of injections,and patient age.Adverse reactions to BTX-A treatment are typically mild and can be relieved within 1–2 weeks.Conclusion:BTX-A injection is relatively safe but reversible.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92162214,41773015,and U1812402)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(202103AQ100003).
文摘Clay-type Li deposits are poised to play a pivotal role in addressing the surging global demand for Li.The McDermitt clay-type Li deposit,located in Nevada,is the largest Li deposit in the United States,with Li hosted by a clay-rich sequence of smectite-dominated intervals and illite-dominated intervals,respectively.However,the occurrence of Li and the genesis of Li-bearing minerals within smectite-dominated intervals have not been thoroughly investigated in previous research.Here,we studied the mineralogy,the in-situ Li distribution,and the bonding environments of Li within the smectite intervals using a combination of instru-mental techniques including scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry,and nuclear magnetic resonance.Our results indicate that the smectite exhibits low crystallinity characteristics of lacustrine clay authigenesis and is com-monly found tofill the interstices among volcanic minerals or envelop them;Li is mainly hosted by Mg-smectite rather than the volcanic minerals.Within the tuffaceous sediment samples,the volcanic glass has undergone a transformation,resulting in its complete disappearance and alteration into clay minerals.Owing to the octahedral sites of Mg-smectite bounded in Li,it is referred to be hectorite.We interpret that the hectorite’s precipitation occurs in a high saline-alkaline water environment,a result of McDermitt tuffdissolution.This conclusion can be supported by the coexistence of spherulitic calcite and hectorite.Overall,this study confirms hectorite as the main Li-bearing mineral and increases the understanding of the genetic model of hectorite formation in intracontinental caldera basins.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82204994and Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.
文摘BACKGROUND Collision tumors involving the small intestine,specifically the combination of a hamartomatous tumor and a lipoma,are extremely rare.To our knowledge,no previous case report has described a collision tumor composed of two benign tumors of different origins in the small intestine.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present the case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with hemorrhagic shock and was found to have a mass measuring approximately 50 mm×32 mm×30 mm in the terminal ileum.Based on computed tomography scan findings,the mass was initially suspected to be a lipoma.A subsequent colonoscopy revealed a pedunculated submucosal elevation consisting of two distinct parts with a visible demarcation line.A biopsy of the upper portion suggested a juvenile polyp(JP).Owing to the patient’s advanced age,multiple comorbidities,and poor surgical tolerance,a modified endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed.Histopathological examination of the excised mucosal mass revealed a lipoma at the base and a JP at the top,demonstrating evidence of rupture and associated bleeding.The patient’s overall health remained satisfactory,with no recurrence of hematochezia during the six-month follow-up period.CONCLUSION This case report provides new evidence for the understanding of gastrointestinal collision tumors,emphasizing their diverse clinical presentations and histopathological characteristics.It also offers diagnostic and therapeutic insights as well as an approach for managing benign collision tumors.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30971392 No.81170741)Science Foundation of Xi'an Bureau of Public Health (No.2013020)
文摘AIM: To compare apelin-13, a ligand of G-proteincoupled receptor which has been shown to be involved in retinal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) serum levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) with or without retinopathy, and to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of apelin-13 and diabetes retinopathy.METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with T2 DM were enrolled.Of the 69 patients, 16 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR group), 23 had non-PDR(NPDR group)and 30 had no retinopathy(T2DM group). Subjects' information, including demographics, medical history,and use of medications were recorded. Their serum samples were collected for measuring the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), serum lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin. Apelin-13 and VEGF serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences among these groups. Chi-square test was used to assess categorical variables.Correlations between variables were investigated by Spearman rho correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS 17.0 software.RESULTS: Sex, age, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, CRP, hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c) have no significantly difference in the three groups. Serum level of apelin-13 was significantly elevated in PDR group as compared with T2 DM group(P =0.041). Differences of VEGF serum concentration in the three groups were statistically significant(P =0.007, P =0.007 and P <0.001,respectively). Spearman rho correlation test showed that serum apelin-13 was positively correlated with BMI,serum triglycerides, VEGF, but not with age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, CRP, Hb A1 c and total-cholesterol. Stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI also significantly associated with serum apelin-13(P =0.002), while VEGF and serum triglycerides were irrelevant. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated a positive association of apelin-13 serum level with PDR, but not with VEGF. Apelin-13 may influence the promotion of PDR but unrelated with VEGF.
