Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate（DMPA ） and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 68 women aged between 25 and 40 ...Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate（DMPA ） and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 68 women aged between 25 and 40 years using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 months and 59 women aged between 25 and 40 years using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results At 24 months of treatment, as compared with baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck was decreased by 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in women who used DMPA were significantly decreased compared with the subjects in nonuser （P〈0.001）. Conclusion These results show BMD declined during using DMPA in women aged 25 -40 years old.展开更多
The onset of prostate cancer(PCa)is often hidden,and recurrence and metastasis are more likely to occur due to chemotherapy resistance.Herein,we identified downregulated long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)growth arrest-specifi...The onset of prostate cancer(PCa)is often hidden,and recurrence and metastasis are more likely to occur due to chemotherapy resistance.Herein,we identified downregulated long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)growth arrest-specific 5(GAS5)in PCa that was associated with metastasis and paclitaxel resistance.GAs5 acted as a tumor suppressor in suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of paclitaxel-resistant PCa cells.GAS5 overexpression in vivo inhibited the tumor growth of xenografts and elevated PCa sensitivity to paclitaxel.Combination of GAS5 and paclitaxel treatment showed great potential in PCa treatment.Moreover,mechanistic analysis revealed a novel regulatory network of GAS5/miR-18a-5p/serine/threonine kinase 4(STK4)that inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and enhances tumor stem cell-like-mediated sensitivity to paclitaxel in PCa.These findings provide a novel direction for the development of a potential adjunct to cancer chemotherapy that aims to improve the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs in PCa.展开更多
Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） among users of ethinylestradiol/ desogestrel, ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 154 women aged 25-40 ye...Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） among users of ethinylestradiol/ desogestrel, ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 154 women aged 25-40 years. Forty-six women were using ethinylestradiol/desogestrel （group A） and 55 women using ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate （group B）for 24 months and 53 women using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects （group C）. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, comparing mean BMD changes in combined oral contraceptives （COCs） users with nonusers. Results For 24 months of treatment, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD values in women who used ethinylestradiol/desogestrel and ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate were not significantly different compared with the baseline and the values of subjects in nonuser （P〉0.05）. Conclusion There was no statistical difference in BMD between the users of ethinylestradiol/desogestrel or ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonusers.展开更多
Objective To compare adolescents＇ bone mineral density （BMD） between users of combined oral contraceptive （Marvelon, desogestrel/ethinylestradiol） and no.nhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 127...Objective To compare adolescents＇ bone mineral density （BMD） between users of combined oral contraceptive （Marvelon, desogestrel/ethinylestradiol） and no.nhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 127 women who aged between 16 and 18 years using Marvelon for 24 months and 115 women who aged between 16 and 18 years using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results After 24 months of Marvelon use, as compared with baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck were decreased by 0.30% and 0.61%, respectively. While in the nonusers group, the mean BMD were increased by 1.88% and 1.10%, respectively. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in women who used Marvelon were not significantly different compared with the subjects who used nonhormonal contra- ception （P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Two years of Marvelon use had no significant effect on BMD, but it remains unknown whether longer than 2 years of use has a significant adverse effect on the attainment of peak bone mass.展开更多
The Correlation Clustering Problem(CorCP) is a significant clustering problem based on the similarity of data.It has significant applications in different fields,such as machine learning,biology,and data mining,and ma...The Correlation Clustering Problem(CorCP) is a significant clustering problem based on the similarity of data.It has significant applications in different fields,such as machine learning,biology,and data mining,and many different problems in other areas.In this paper,the Balanced 2-CorCP(B2-CorCP) is introduced and examined,and a new interesting variant of the CorCP is described.The goal of this clustering problem is to partition the vertex set into two clusters with equal size,such that the number of disagreements is minimized.We first present a polynomial time algorithm for the B2-CorCP on M-positive edge dominant graphs(M≥ 3).Then,we provide a series of numerical experiments,and the results show the effectiveness of our algorithm.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce the separable task assignment problem(STAP)in which n separable tasks are assigned to m agents subject to agents’capacity constraints.The objective is to minimize the costs that occur durin...In this paper,we introduce the separable task assignment problem(STAP)in which n separable tasks are assigned to m agents subject to agents’capacity constraints.The objective is to minimize the costs that occur during the manufacturing and the communication between agents.A task is separable if it can be divided into two pieces,and both of them can be assigned individually or together to any agents.A separable task is considered as being assigned if and only if its two pieces are both assigned.Since several discrete(ternary)variables may be involved in STAP modeling,computing the problem in a reasonable time period is not an easy work.We replace the ternary variables by binary and continuous variables through extending the logarithmic method introduced by Li et al.(INFORMS J Comput 25(4):643–653,2012)and Vielma et al.(Oper Res 58(2):303–315,2010).Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the newly generated model performs well in solving difficult separable task-assignment problems for pretty large scale of instance sizes.展开更多
Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 87 women aged between 19 and 24 ...Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 87 women aged between 19 and 24 years using DMPA （DMPA group）for 24 months and 83 same-age women using nonhormonal contraception as control group. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, comparing mean BMD changes in DMPA group with the control. Results After 24 months of DMPA treatment, as compared ~ith baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck were decreased by 2.67% and 2.71%, respectively. The mean lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in DMPA group at 24 months were not significantly different compared with baseline （P=0. 080 and P=0. 076, respectively）. In comparison, in control group, there was a trend toward increasing BMD. After 24 months of observation, the mean percentage changes from baseline in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were increased by 1.24% and 1.30%, respectively. There was no significantly difference compared with baseline （P=0. 436 and P=0.373, respectively）. Mean BMD at the spine and femoral neck did not differ significantly between DMPA users and nonusers over 12 months （P=0.153 and P=0.140, respectively）, but the BMD at both anatomical sites was significantly lower in DMPA group than in the control after 24 months of treatment （P=0.012 and P=0.008, respectively）. Conclusion The use of DMPA for short-term （≤12-month） had no significant effects on BMD at spine and femoral neck, but long-term exposure to DMPA had significant loss in BMD in women aged between 19 and 24 years.展开更多
Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） and nonhormonal subjects and evaluated the changes in BMD after discontinuation of DMPA.Metho...Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） and nonhormonal subjects and evaluated the changes in BMD after discontinuation of DMPA.Methods The study included 102 women aged 16-18 years using DMPA for 24 months and 97 same-age nonusers. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The mean BMD values were compared between DMPA users （DMPA group） and nonusers （control group） and the changes of BMD during 36 months after discontinuation of DMPA were observed.Results Mean BMD at the spine and femoral neck did not differ significantly between DMPA group and control group over 12 months, but the BMD values at both anatomical sites were significantly lower in DMPA group than in control group after 24 months treatment. After DMPA discontinuation, the mean BMD values in DMPA users increased substantially. At 24 months after DMPA discontinuation, there were no significant differences between DMPA group and control group. But the values of the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in DMPA group were still 1.70% and 1.87%, respectively, below nonusers at 36 months after DMPA discontinuation.Conclusion The use of DMPA for short-term （ ≤12 months） had no significant effects on BMD at spine and femoral neck, but long-term exposure to DMPA had significant loss in BMD in adolescents. Bone loss occurring with DMPA use is reversible after DMPA discontinuation.展开更多
文摘Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate（DMPA ） and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 68 women aged between 25 and 40 years using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 months and 59 women aged between 25 and 40 years using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results At 24 months of treatment, as compared with baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck was decreased by 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in women who used DMPA were significantly decreased compared with the subjects in nonuser （P〈0.001）. Conclusion These results show BMD declined during using DMPA in women aged 25 -40 years old.
基金supported by the Nantong Science and Technology Project(No.JC2020027,No.MS12018066,No.MSZ19216)。
文摘The onset of prostate cancer(PCa)is often hidden,and recurrence and metastasis are more likely to occur due to chemotherapy resistance.Herein,we identified downregulated long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)growth arrest-specific 5(GAS5)in PCa that was associated with metastasis and paclitaxel resistance.GAs5 acted as a tumor suppressor in suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of paclitaxel-resistant PCa cells.GAS5 overexpression in vivo inhibited the tumor growth of xenografts and elevated PCa sensitivity to paclitaxel.Combination of GAS5 and paclitaxel treatment showed great potential in PCa treatment.Moreover,mechanistic analysis revealed a novel regulatory network of GAS5/miR-18a-5p/serine/threonine kinase 4(STK4)that inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and enhances tumor stem cell-like-mediated sensitivity to paclitaxel in PCa.These findings provide a novel direction for the development of a potential adjunct to cancer chemotherapy that aims to improve the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs in PCa.
文摘Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） among users of ethinylestradiol/ desogestrel, ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 154 women aged 25-40 years. Forty-six women were using ethinylestradiol/desogestrel （group A） and 55 women using ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate （group B）for 24 months and 53 women using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects （group C）. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, comparing mean BMD changes in combined oral contraceptives （COCs） users with nonusers. Results For 24 months of treatment, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD values in women who used ethinylestradiol/desogestrel and ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate were not significantly different compared with the baseline and the values of subjects in nonuser （P〉0.05）. Conclusion There was no statistical difference in BMD between the users of ethinylestradiol/desogestrel or ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonusers.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Foundation of the Shandong Provincial Committee of Population and Family Planning, Jinan, Shandong, China
文摘Objective To compare adolescents＇ bone mineral density （BMD） between users of combined oral contraceptive （Marvelon, desogestrel/ethinylestradiol） and no.nhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 127 women who aged between 16 and 18 years using Marvelon for 24 months and 115 women who aged between 16 and 18 years using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results After 24 months of Marvelon use, as compared with baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck were decreased by 0.30% and 0.61%, respectively. While in the nonusers group, the mean BMD were increased by 1.88% and 1.10%, respectively. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in women who used Marvelon were not significantly different compared with the subjects who used nonhormonal contra- ception （P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Two years of Marvelon use had no significant effect on BMD, but it remains unknown whether longer than 2 years of use has a significant adverse effect on the attainment of peak bone mass.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12131003,12101594,11771386,11728104,and 11201333)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project (No. Z200002)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M693337)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (No. 06446)。
文摘The Correlation Clustering Problem(CorCP) is a significant clustering problem based on the similarity of data.It has significant applications in different fields,such as machine learning,biology,and data mining,and many different problems in other areas.In this paper,the Balanced 2-CorCP(B2-CorCP) is introduced and examined,and a new interesting variant of the CorCP is described.The goal of this clustering problem is to partition the vertex set into two clusters with equal size,such that the number of disagreements is minimized.We first present a polynomial time algorithm for the B2-CorCP on M-positive edge dominant graphs(M≥ 3).Then,we provide a series of numerical experiments,and the results show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11201333).
文摘In this paper,we introduce the separable task assignment problem(STAP)in which n separable tasks are assigned to m agents subject to agents’capacity constraints.The objective is to minimize the costs that occur during the manufacturing and the communication between agents.A task is separable if it can be divided into two pieces,and both of them can be assigned individually or together to any agents.A separable task is considered as being assigned if and only if its two pieces are both assigned.Since several discrete(ternary)variables may be involved in STAP modeling,computing the problem in a reasonable time period is not an easy work.We replace the ternary variables by binary and continuous variables through extending the logarithmic method introduced by Li et al.(INFORMS J Comput 25(4):643–653,2012)and Vielma et al.(Oper Res 58(2):303–315,2010).Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the newly generated model performs well in solving difficult separable task-assignment problems for pretty large scale of instance sizes.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Foundation of the Shandong Provincial Population and Committee of Family Planning,Jinan,Shandong,China(No.2012017)
文摘Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 87 women aged between 19 and 24 years using DMPA （DMPA group）for 24 months and 83 same-age women using nonhormonal contraception as control group. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, comparing mean BMD changes in DMPA group with the control. Results After 24 months of DMPA treatment, as compared ~ith baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck were decreased by 2.67% and 2.71%, respectively. The mean lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in DMPA group at 24 months were not significantly different compared with baseline （P=0. 080 and P=0. 076, respectively）. In comparison, in control group, there was a trend toward increasing BMD. After 24 months of observation, the mean percentage changes from baseline in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were increased by 1.24% and 1.30%, respectively. There was no significantly difference compared with baseline （P=0. 436 and P=0.373, respectively）. Mean BMD at the spine and femoral neck did not differ significantly between DMPA users and nonusers over 12 months （P=0.153 and P=0.140, respectively）, but the BMD at both anatomical sites was significantly lower in DMPA group than in the control after 24 months of treatment （P=0.012 and P=0.008, respectively）. Conclusion The use of DMPA for short-term （≤12-month） had no significant effects on BMD at spine and femoral neck, but long-term exposure to DMPA had significant loss in BMD in women aged between 19 and 24 years.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Foundation of the Shandong Provincial Population and Committee of Family Planning,Jinan,Shandong,China(No.2012017)
文摘Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） and nonhormonal subjects and evaluated the changes in BMD after discontinuation of DMPA.Methods The study included 102 women aged 16-18 years using DMPA for 24 months and 97 same-age nonusers. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The mean BMD values were compared between DMPA users （DMPA group） and nonusers （control group） and the changes of BMD during 36 months after discontinuation of DMPA were observed.Results Mean BMD at the spine and femoral neck did not differ significantly between DMPA group and control group over 12 months, but the BMD values at both anatomical sites were significantly lower in DMPA group than in control group after 24 months treatment. After DMPA discontinuation, the mean BMD values in DMPA users increased substantially. At 24 months after DMPA discontinuation, there were no significant differences between DMPA group and control group. But the values of the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in DMPA group were still 1.70% and 1.87%, respectively, below nonusers at 36 months after DMPA discontinuation.Conclusion The use of DMPA for short-term （ ≤12 months） had no significant effects on BMD at spine and femoral neck, but long-term exposure to DMPA had significant loss in BMD in adolescents. Bone loss occurring with DMPA use is reversible after DMPA discontinuation.
