The critical role of calcium dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline,memory impairment,and behavioral changes.Wit...The critical role of calcium dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline,memory impairment,and behavioral changes.With an estimated 50 million people being affected worldwide,the incidence of AD is constantly increasing globally.The hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta protein(Aβ)in the form of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the form of neurofibrillary tangles.However,increasing evidence suggests that calcium ion(Ca2+)dysregulation also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD(Calvo-Rodriguez and Bacskai,2021).As a key second messenger,Ca2+regulates a wide range of cellular processes,including the release of neurotransmitters,gene expression,and cell death.Ca^(2+)also regulates the activity of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,which is critical for synaptic plasticity,learning,and memory(Kaushik et al.,2022).Alternation in the Ca^(2+)signal is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD,which can lead to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive impairment.展开更多
Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this ...Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this study,we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genomes(cp genomes)of four Rhododendron species.The chloroplast genomes of R.concinnum,R.henanense subsp.lingbaoense,R.micranthum,and R.simsii were assembled into 207,236,208,015,207,233,and 206,912 bp,respectively.All chloroplast genomes contain eight rRNA genes,with either 88 or 89 protein-coding genes.The four cp genomes were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics,and the phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 26 species of Ericaceae,Actinidiaceae,and Primulaceae under Ericales was conducted.A comparison of the linear structure of cp genomes of four Rhododendron showed that there were substantial sequence similarities in coding regions,but high differences in non-coding regions.A phylogenetic analysis,based on chloroplast whole genome sequences,showed that all Rhododendron species are in the clade Ericaceae.This study provides valuable genetic information for the study of population genetics and evolutionary relationships in Rhododendron and other azalea species.展开更多
Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite （IPMC） is a new electro-active polymer, which has the advantages of light weight, flexibility, and large stroke with low driving voltage. Because of these features, IPMC can be applied ...Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite （IPMC） is a new electro-active polymer, which has the advantages of light weight, flexibility, and large stroke with low driving voltage. Because of these features, IPMC can be applied to bionic robotic actuators, artificial muscles, as well as dynamic sensors. However, IPMC has the major drawback of low generative blocking force. In this paper, in order to enhance the blocking force, the Nation membranes with thickness of 0.22 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.64 mm and 0.8 mm were prepared by casting from liquid solution. By employing these Nation membranes, IPMCs with varying thickness were fabricated by electroless plating. The elastic modulus of the casted Nation membranes were obtained by a nano-indenter, and the current, the displacement and the blocking force were respectively measured by the apparatus for actuation test. Finally, the effects of the thickness on the performance of IPMC were analyzed with an electromechanical model. Experimental study and theory analysis indicate that as the thickness increases, the elastic modulus of Nation membrane and the blocking force of IPMC increase, however, the current and the displacement decrease.展开更多
While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly,aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China.As the high nitrate abundances are...While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly,aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China.As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia,reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China.Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions,long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse.In addition,there is still no consensus on whether agricultural or non-agricultural emissions dominate the urban ammonia budget.Identifying the ammonia source by nitrogen isotope helps in designing a mitigation strategy for policymakers,but existing methods have not been well validated.Revisiting the concentration measurements and identifying source apportionment of atmospheric ammonia is thus an essential step towards reducing ammonia emissions.展开更多
According to the requirement of New Engineering Disciplines initiated by the Ministry of Education of China,the course of Programming Fundamentals has been reformed in ethnic university to satisfy the standard of New ...According to the requirement of New Engineering Disciplines initiated by the Ministry of Education of China,the course of Programming Fundamentals has been reformed in ethnic university to satisfy the standard of New Engineering Certification.The reform is implemented in teaching content,implementation in both theoretical and experimental classes,teaching assessment and teacher training.展开更多
Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human health.Understanding the source and f...Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human health.Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements.However,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community Multiscale Air Quality,CMAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in Beijing.Both stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted days.In contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean days.Combustion-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously overlooked.More effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.展开更多
1 Introduction Recently,there is growing evidence that it is essential to predict the interactions between circRNAs and RBP binding sites for diagnosing diseases and providing a potential target to treat diseases[1].M...1 Introduction Recently,there is growing evidence that it is essential to predict the interactions between circRNAs and RBP binding sites for diagnosing diseases and providing a potential target to treat diseases[1].Many studies have predicted the binding sites of circRNA-RBPs by using deep learning methods based on the sequence information of circRNAs for each RBP.Furthermore,many methods focus on diversified view of sequence encoding for improving the performance of the predictive models.展开更多
Background:No convincing modalities have been shown to completely prevent postdural puncture headache(PDPH)after accidental dural puncture(ADP)during obstetric epidural procedures.We aimed to evaluate the role of epid...Background:No convincing modalities have been shown to completely prevent postdural puncture headache(PDPH)after accidental dural puncture(ADP)during obstetric epidural procedures.We aimed to evaluate the role of epidural administration of hydroxyethyl starch(HES)in preventing PDPH following ADP,regarding the prophylactic efficacy and side effects.Methods:Between January 2019 and February 2021,patients with a recognized ADP during epidural procedures for labor or cesarean delivery were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the prophylactic strategies for the development of PDPH at a single tertiary hospital.The development of PDPH,severity and duration of headache,adverse events associated with prophylactic strategies,and hospital length of stay postpartum were reported.Results:A total of 105 patients experiencing ADP received a re-sited epidural catheter.For PDPH prophylaxis,46 patients solely received epidural analgesia,25 patients were administered epidural HES on epidural analgesia,and 34 patients received two doses of epidural HES on and after epidural analgesia,respectively.A significant difference was observed in the incidence of PDPH across the groups(epidural analgesia alone,31[67.4%];HES-Epidural analgesia,ten[40.0%];HES-Epidural analgesia-HES,five[14.7%];P<0.001).No neurologic deficits,including paresthesias and motor deficits related to prophylactic strategies,were reported from at least 2 months to up to more than 2 years after delivery.An overall backache rate related to HES administration was 10%.The multivariable regression analysis revealed that the HES-Epidural analgesia-HES strategy was significantly associated with reduced risk of PDPH following ADP(OR=0.030,95%confidence interval:0.006-0.143;P<0.001).Conclusions:The incorporated prophylactic strategy was associated with a great decrease in the risk of PDPH following obstetric ADP.This strategy consisted of re-siting an epidural catheter with continuous epidural analgesia and two doses of epidural HES,respectively,on and after epidural analgesia.The efficacy and safety profiles of this strategy have to be investigated further.展开更多
Human health is deteriorating due to the effluent containing heavy metal ions and organic dyes.Hence,photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)and degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)using a novel photocatalyst is particularly impo...Human health is deteriorating due to the effluent containing heavy metal ions and organic dyes.Hence,photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)and degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)using a novel photocatalyst is particularly important.In this work,h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS composites were prepared via a simple solvothermal method and a double Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed for efficiently removing RhB and Cr(Ⅵ).The 7 wt-%h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS composites were characterized via a larger specific surface area(15.12 m^(2)·g^(−1)),stronger light absorption capacity,excellent chemical stability,and high yield of electrons and holes.The experimental result indicated that the photoreduction efficiency of the 7 wt-%h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS photocatalyst achieved 98.5%for Cr(Ⅵ)after 120 min,which was about 3 times higher than that of NiS_(2)/NiS(34%).However,the removal rate of RhB by the 7 wt-%h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS photocatalyst reached 80%.This is due to the double Z-scheme heterojunction formed between NiS_(2)/NiS and h-BN,which improved the charge separation efficiency and transmission efficiency.Besides,the influence of diverse photogenerated electron and hole scavengers upon the photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)was studied,the results indicated that graphene-like h-BN promoted transportation of photoinduced charges on the surface of the h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS photocatalyst via the interfacial effects.展开更多
Far lateral approach(FLA),together with its modified approaches,is a fundamental surgical approach for surgical resection of lesions located at the ventral or ventrolateral side of the foramen magnum.[1,2,3,4,5]The ke...Far lateral approach(FLA),together with its modified approaches,is a fundamental surgical approach for surgical resection of lesions located at the ventral or ventrolateral side of the foramen magnum.[1,2,3,4,5]The key procedure in FLA is exposing the vertebral artery(VA)especially the V3 segment.[1,5,6]When performing an FLA,most neurosurgeons choose to expose the suboccipital triangle(formed by the rectus capitis posterior major,the superior oblique,and the inferior oblique)as a key anatomical landmark initially and then expose the V3 segment.[1,2,5,6,7]However,on the one hand,this muscular anatomical landmarks-suboccipital triangle varies in depth,morphology,and location in different patients,which increases the risk of VA injury during surgery.[3]On the other hand,this procedure could lead to exposing difficulty due to the obstruction of overlying layers of muscles and the distribution of blood vessels,which could prolong the time for craniotomy fairly.The course of VA could vary,such as looping backward and bulge posteriorly between the lips of the suboccipital triangle,where it could be damaged if one expects it to be found in the depth of the suboccipital triangle.[3]Thus,neurosurgeons have the potential for VA injury and a rather prolonged time to successfully expose VA.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(Project code:002/2023/ALC)Foshan Medicine Dengfeng Project of China 2019-2021(to BYKL).
文摘The critical role of calcium dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline,memory impairment,and behavioral changes.With an estimated 50 million people being affected worldwide,the incidence of AD is constantly increasing globally.The hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta protein(Aβ)in the form of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the form of neurofibrillary tangles.However,increasing evidence suggests that calcium ion(Ca2+)dysregulation also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD(Calvo-Rodriguez and Bacskai,2021).As a key second messenger,Ca2+regulates a wide range of cellular processes,including the release of neurotransmitters,gene expression,and cell death.Ca^(2+)also regulates the activity of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,which is critical for synaptic plasticity,learning,and memory(Kaushik et al.,2022).Alternation in the Ca^(2+)signal is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD,which can lead to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive impairment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.31870697].
文摘Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this study,we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genomes(cp genomes)of four Rhododendron species.The chloroplast genomes of R.concinnum,R.henanense subsp.lingbaoense,R.micranthum,and R.simsii were assembled into 207,236,208,015,207,233,and 206,912 bp,respectively.All chloroplast genomes contain eight rRNA genes,with either 88 or 89 protein-coding genes.The four cp genomes were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics,and the phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 26 species of Ericaceae,Actinidiaceae,and Primulaceae under Ericales was conducted.A comparison of the linear structure of cp genomes of four Rhododendron showed that there were substantial sequence similarities in coding regions,but high differences in non-coding regions.A phylogenetic analysis,based on chloroplast whole genome sequences,showed that all Rhododendron species are in the clade Ericaceae.This study provides valuable genetic information for the study of population genetics and evolutionary relationships in Rhododendron and other azalea species.
基金Acknowledgement The authors thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 50705043, 60535020 and 60910007）.
文摘Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite （IPMC） is a new electro-active polymer, which has the advantages of light weight, flexibility, and large stroke with low driving voltage. Because of these features, IPMC can be applied to bionic robotic actuators, artificial muscles, as well as dynamic sensors. However, IPMC has the major drawback of low generative blocking force. In this paper, in order to enhance the blocking force, the Nation membranes with thickness of 0.22 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.64 mm and 0.8 mm were prepared by casting from liquid solution. By employing these Nation membranes, IPMCs with varying thickness were fabricated by electroless plating. The elastic modulus of the casted Nation membranes were obtained by a nano-indenter, and the current, the displacement and the blocking force were respectively measured by the apparatus for actuation test. Finally, the effects of the thickness on the performance of IPMC were analyzed with an electromechanical model. Experimental study and theory analysis indicate that as the thickness increases, the elastic modulus of Nation membrane and the blocking force of IPMC increase, however, the current and the displacement decrease.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0210100)National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control(Grant No.DQGG0208)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41405144)WWW acknowledges support from the Atmospheric and Geospaces Sciences U.S.National Science Foundation(Grant No.AGS 1351932)。
文摘While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly,aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China.As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia,reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China.Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions,long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse.In addition,there is still no consensus on whether agricultural or non-agricultural emissions dominate the urban ammonia budget.Identifying the ammonia source by nitrogen isotope helps in designing a mitigation strategy for policymakers,but existing methods have not been well validated.Revisiting the concentration measurements and identifying source apportionment of atmospheric ammonia is thus an essential step towards reducing ammonia emissions.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(KCBJ2018029)the CRP of CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity of National Astronomical Observatories(KLSA201905).
文摘According to the requirement of New Engineering Disciplines initiated by the Ministry of Education of China,the course of Programming Fundamentals has been reformed in ethnic university to satisfy the standard of New Engineering Certification.The reform is implemented in teaching content,implementation in both theoretical and experimental classes,teaching assessment and teacher training.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130513,41905110,and 41961130384)the Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship,United Kingdom(NAFR1191220)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(T24/504/17 and A-Poly U502/16)。
文摘Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human health.Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements.However,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community Multiscale Air Quality,CMAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in Beijing.Both stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted days.In contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean days.Combustion-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously overlooked.More effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62072206,62102158)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Centra Universities (No.2662022JC004)2021 Foshan Support Project for Promoting the Development of University Scientific and Technological Achievements Service Industry (2021DZXX05).
文摘1 Introduction Recently,there is growing evidence that it is essential to predict the interactions between circRNAs and RBP binding sites for diagnosing diseases and providing a potential target to treat diseases[1].Many studies have predicted the binding sites of circRNA-RBPs by using deep learning methods based on the sequence information of circRNAs for each RBP.Furthermore,many methods focus on diversified view of sequence encoding for improving the performance of the predictive models.
文摘Background:No convincing modalities have been shown to completely prevent postdural puncture headache(PDPH)after accidental dural puncture(ADP)during obstetric epidural procedures.We aimed to evaluate the role of epidural administration of hydroxyethyl starch(HES)in preventing PDPH following ADP,regarding the prophylactic efficacy and side effects.Methods:Between January 2019 and February 2021,patients with a recognized ADP during epidural procedures for labor or cesarean delivery were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the prophylactic strategies for the development of PDPH at a single tertiary hospital.The development of PDPH,severity and duration of headache,adverse events associated with prophylactic strategies,and hospital length of stay postpartum were reported.Results:A total of 105 patients experiencing ADP received a re-sited epidural catheter.For PDPH prophylaxis,46 patients solely received epidural analgesia,25 patients were administered epidural HES on epidural analgesia,and 34 patients received two doses of epidural HES on and after epidural analgesia,respectively.A significant difference was observed in the incidence of PDPH across the groups(epidural analgesia alone,31[67.4%];HES-Epidural analgesia,ten[40.0%];HES-Epidural analgesia-HES,five[14.7%];P<0.001).No neurologic deficits,including paresthesias and motor deficits related to prophylactic strategies,were reported from at least 2 months to up to more than 2 years after delivery.An overall backache rate related to HES administration was 10%.The multivariable regression analysis revealed that the HES-Epidural analgesia-HES strategy was significantly associated with reduced risk of PDPH following ADP(OR=0.030,95%confidence interval:0.006-0.143;P<0.001).Conclusions:The incorporated prophylactic strategy was associated with a great decrease in the risk of PDPH following obstetric ADP.This strategy consisted of re-siting an epidural catheter with continuous epidural analgesia and two doses of epidural HES,respectively,on and after epidural analgesia.The efficacy and safety profiles of this strategy have to be investigated further.
基金supported by Program for Science&Technology Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province(Grant No.21IRTSTHN006)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(Grant No.19HAS-TIT042)+1 种基金Key scientific and technological project in Henan Province(Grant No.212102210179)Program for Innovative Research Team of Henan Polytechnic University(Grant Nos.T2018-2,T2019-1).
文摘Human health is deteriorating due to the effluent containing heavy metal ions and organic dyes.Hence,photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)and degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)using a novel photocatalyst is particularly important.In this work,h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS composites were prepared via a simple solvothermal method and a double Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed for efficiently removing RhB and Cr(Ⅵ).The 7 wt-%h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS composites were characterized via a larger specific surface area(15.12 m^(2)·g^(−1)),stronger light absorption capacity,excellent chemical stability,and high yield of electrons and holes.The experimental result indicated that the photoreduction efficiency of the 7 wt-%h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS photocatalyst achieved 98.5%for Cr(Ⅵ)after 120 min,which was about 3 times higher than that of NiS_(2)/NiS(34%).However,the removal rate of RhB by the 7 wt-%h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS photocatalyst reached 80%.This is due to the double Z-scheme heterojunction formed between NiS_(2)/NiS and h-BN,which improved the charge separation efficiency and transmission efficiency.Besides,the influence of diverse photogenerated electron and hole scavengers upon the photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)was studied,the results indicated that graphene-like h-BN promoted transportation of photoinduced charges on the surface of the h-BN/NiS_(2)/NiS photocatalyst via the interfacial effects.
基金This work is financially supported by the grants from the Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2021YFS0205 and No.2020YFS0222)the Program of Health Commission of Sichuan Province(No.20PJ051)。
文摘Far lateral approach(FLA),together with its modified approaches,is a fundamental surgical approach for surgical resection of lesions located at the ventral or ventrolateral side of the foramen magnum.[1,2,3,4,5]The key procedure in FLA is exposing the vertebral artery(VA)especially the V3 segment.[1,5,6]When performing an FLA,most neurosurgeons choose to expose the suboccipital triangle(formed by the rectus capitis posterior major,the superior oblique,and the inferior oblique)as a key anatomical landmark initially and then expose the V3 segment.[1,2,5,6,7]However,on the one hand,this muscular anatomical landmarks-suboccipital triangle varies in depth,morphology,and location in different patients,which increases the risk of VA injury during surgery.[3]On the other hand,this procedure could lead to exposing difficulty due to the obstruction of overlying layers of muscles and the distribution of blood vessels,which could prolong the time for craniotomy fairly.The course of VA could vary,such as looping backward and bulge posteriorly between the lips of the suboccipital triangle,where it could be damaged if one expects it to be found in the depth of the suboccipital triangle.[3]Thus,neurosurgeons have the potential for VA injury and a rather prolonged time to successfully expose VA.
