A time series model is used in this paper to describe the progress of circulating direct condensation heat recovery of the compound condensing process (CCP) which is made of two water cooling condensing processes in s...A time series model is used in this paper to describe the progress of circulating direct condensation heat recovery of the compound condensing process (CCP) which is made of two water cooling condensing processes in series for a centrifugal chiller in the paper. A finite-time thermodynamics method is used to set up the time series simulation model. As a result, an upper bound of recoverable condensation heat for the compound condensing process is obtained which is in good agreement with experimental result. And the result is valuable and useful to optimization design of condensing heat recovery.展开更多
Endorepellin plays a key role in the regulation of angiogenesis,but its effects on angiogenesis after traumatic brain injury are unclear.This study explored the effects of endorepellin on angiogenesis and neurobehavio...Endorepellin plays a key role in the regulation of angiogenesis,but its effects on angiogenesis after traumatic brain injury are unclear.This study explored the effects of endorepellin on angiogenesis and neurobehavioral outcomes after traumatic brain injury in mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham,controlled cortical impact only,adeno-associated virus(AAV)-green fluorescent protein,and AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein groups.In the controlled cortical impact model,the transduction of AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein downregulated endorepellin while increasing the number of CD31+/Ki-67+proliferating endothelial cells and the functional microvessel density in mouse brain.These changes resulted in improved neurological function compared with controlled cortical impact mice.Western blotting revealed increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 in mice treated with AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein.Synchrotron radiation angiography showed that endorepellin downregulation promoted angiogenesis and increased cortical neovascularization,which may further improve neurobehavioral outcomes.Furthermore,an in vitro study showed that downregulation of endorepellin increased tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared with a control.Mechanistic analysis found that endorepellin downregulation may mediate angiogenesis by activating vascular endothelial growth factor-and angiopoietin-1-related signaling pathways.展开更多
Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it ...Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it to achieve its theory.In this study,we design a new electrolyte,namely 1 M LiBF_(4)DMSO:DOL(1:9 vol.),achieving a high energy density in Li/CF_xprimary cells.The DMSO with a small molecular size and high donor number successfully solvates Li^(+)into a defined Li^(+)-solvation structure.Such solvated Li^(+)can intercalate into the large-spacing carbon layers and achieve an improved capacity.Consequently,when discharged to 1.0 V,the CF_(1.12)cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 1944 m A h g^(-1)with a specific energy density of 3793 W h kg^(-1).This strategy demonstrates that designing the electrolyte is powerful in improving the electrochemical performance of CF_(x) cathode.展开更多
The traditional small target detection algorithm often results in a high false alarm rate on the sea surface background. To address this issue, a small target detection method based on guided filtering and local avera...The traditional small target detection algorithm often results in a high false alarm rate on the sea surface background. To address this issue, a small target detection method based on guided filtering and local average gray level difference was proposed in this paper for the sea surface. Firstly, the method enhanced the details of the small targets by employing guided filtering to suppress the background clutter and noise in the sea surface image. Subsequently, the local average gray level difference of each point in the image was calculated to further distinguish the targets from other interference points. Finally, the threshold segmentation method was utilized to obtain the actual small targets on the sea surface. After conducting experiments on various sea surface scenes, the LSCRG, BSF, and ROC curve were computed for the proposed method and five other algorithms. Comparative analysis with BS, Top-hat, TDLMS, Max-median, and LCM demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method for infrared small target detection on the sea surface.展开更多
Plants are capable of regulating their shoot architecture in response to diverse internal and external environments.The circadian clock is an adaptive mechanism that integrates information from internal and ambient co...Plants are capable of regulating their shoot architecture in response to diverse internal and external environments.The circadian clock is an adaptive mechanism that integrates information from internal and ambient conditions to help plants cope with recurring environmental fluctuations.Despite the current understanding of plant circadian clock and genetic framework underlying plant shoot architecture,the intricate connection between these two adaptive mechanisms remains largely unclear.In this study,we elucidated how the core clock gene LUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX)regulates shoot architecture in the model legume plant Medicago truncatula.We show that mtlux mutant displays increased main stem height,reduced lateral shoot length,and decreased the number of lateral branches and biomass yield.Gene expression analysis revealed that Mt LUX regulated shoot architecture by repressing the expression of strigolactone receptor MtD14 and MtTB1/MtTCP1A,a TCP gene that functions centrally in modulating shoot architecture.In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Mt LUX directly binds to a cis-element in the promoter of MtTB1/MtTCP1A,suggesting that Mt LUX regulates branching by rhythmically suppressing MtTB1/MtTCP1A.This work demonstrates the regulatory effect of the circadian clock on shoot architecture,offering a new understanding underlying the genetic basis towards the flexibility of plant shoot architecture.展开更多
In this paper,using methyl cinnamate as raw material,the new cinnamic hydroxamic acid collector(CIHA)was synthesized by the hydroxylamine method.The collector performance of hydroxamic acid was investigated for scheel...In this paper,using methyl cinnamate as raw material,the new cinnamic hydroxamic acid collector(CIHA)was synthesized by the hydroxylamine method.The collector performance of hydroxamic acid was investigated for scheelite and gangue calcite,and the flotation separation test of scheelite and calcite was carried out with CIHA as the collector.The interaction mechanism between hydroxamic acid and scheelite minerals has also been investigated through zeta potential,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)experiments,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)experiments,and density functional theory(DFT)calculation.The single mineral flotation test and artificially mixed ore showed that CIHA had an excellent collection effect and selectivity.Zeta potential,FTIR,and XPS showed that CIHA was adsorbed on the scheelite surface by strong chemical adsorption.The active group of CIHA was analyzed through quantum chemical calculation.It was speculated that C=O and N-O bonds could synthesize a five-membered chelated hydroxamic acid group with Ca element chelate on scheelite surface,changing hydrophobicity and making it more likely to emerge from the pulp.展开更多
Fluorinated carbons(CFx)have been widely applied as lithium primary batteries due to their ultra-high energy density.It will be a great promise if CFx can be rechargeable.In this study,we rationally tune the C-F bond ...Fluorinated carbons(CFx)have been widely applied as lithium primary batteries due to their ultra-high energy density.It will be a great promise if CFx can be rechargeable.In this study,we rationally tune the C-F bond strength for the alkaline intercalated CFx via importing an electronegative weaker element K instead of Li.It forms a ternary phase K_(x)FC instead of two phases(LiF+C)in lithium-ion batteries.Meanwhile,we choose a large layer distance and more defects CFx,namely fluorinated soft carbon,to accommodate K.Thus,we enable CFx rechargeable as a potassium-ion battery cathode.In detail fluorinated soft carbon CF_(1.01) presents a reversible specific capacity of 339 mA h g^(-1)(797 Wh kg^(-1))in the 2nd cycle and maintains 330 mA h g^(-1)(726 Wh kg^(-1))in the 15th cycle.This study reveals the importance of tuning chemical bond stability using different alkaline ions to endow batteries with rechargeability.This work provides good references for focusing on developing reversible electrode materials from popular primary cell configurations.展开更多
The electrification of vehicles puts forward higher requirements for the power management efficiency of integrated battery management systems as the primary or sole energy supply.In this paper,an efficient adaptive mu...The electrification of vehicles puts forward higher requirements for the power management efficiency of integrated battery management systems as the primary or sole energy supply.In this paper,an efficient adaptive multi-time scale identification strategy is proposed to achieve high-fidelity modeling of complex kinetic processes inside the battery.More specifically,a second-order equivalent circuit model network considering variable characteristic frequency is constructed based on the high-frequency,medium-high-frequency,and low-frequency characteristics of the key kinetic processes.Then,two coupled sub-filters are developed based on forgetting factor recursive least squares and extended Kalman filtering methods and decoupled by the corresponding time-scale information.The coupled iterative calculation of the two sub-filter modules at different time scales is realized by the voltage response of the kinetic diffusion process.In addition,the driver of the low-frequency subalgorithm with the state of charge variation amount as the kernel is designed to realize the adaptive identification of the kinetic diffusion process parameters.Finally,the concept of dynamical parameter entropy is introduced and advocated to verify the physical meaning of the kinetic parameters.The experimental results under three operating conditions show that the mean absolute error and root-mean-square error metrics of the proposed strategy for voltage tracking can be limited to 13 and 16 mV,respectively.Additionally,from the entropy calculation results,the proposed method can reduce the dispersion of parameter identification results by a maximum of 40.72%and 70.05%,respectively,compared with the traditional fixed characteristic frequency algorithms.The proposed method paves the way for the subsequent development of adaptive state estimators and efficient embedded applications.展开更多
The development of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)depends on exploiting solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)with high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.Fluorination is generally considered to be an ...The development of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)depends on exploiting solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)with high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.Fluorination is generally considered to be an effective strategy to improve the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of inorganic SSEs.Here,we report the partial fluorination of the chlo rine sites in an antiperovskite,by which the orthorhombic Li_(2)OHCl was transformed into cubic Li_(2)OHCl_(0.9)F_(0.1),resulting in a fourfold increase in ionic conductivity at 30℃.The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that both the crystal symmetry and the anions electronegativity influence the diffusion of Li+in the antiperovskite structure.Besides,from the perspective of experiments and calculations,it is confirmed that fluorination is a feasible method to improve the electrochemical stability of antiperovskite SSEs.The LiFePO_(4)|Li cell based on Li_(2)OHCl_(0.9)F_(0.1) is also assembled and exhibits stable cycle performance,which indicates that fluorination of antiperovskite SSEs is an effective way to produce high-performance SSEs for practical application of ASSLBs.展开更多
Despite being a leading candidate to meet stringent energy targets,lithium(Li) metal batteries(LMBs)face severe challenges at low temperatures such as dramatic increase in impedance,capacity loss and dendrite growth.U...Despite being a leading candidate to meet stringent energy targets,lithium(Li) metal batteries(LMBs)face severe challenges at low temperatures such as dramatic increase in impedance,capacity loss and dendrite growth.Unambiguously fingerprinting rate-limited factors of low-temperature LMBs would encourage targeted approaches to promote performances.Herein,the charge transfer impedance across solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) is identified to restrict battery operation under low temperature,and we propose a facile approach on the basis of ambiently fostering SEI(af-SEI) to facilitate charge transfer.The concept of af-SEI stems from kinetic benefits and structural merits to construct SEI at ambient temperature over low temperature developed SEI that is temporally consuming to achieve steady state and that is structurally defective to incur dendrite growth.The af-SEI allows ionically conductive and morphologically uniform layer on the anode surface,which exhibits a lower resistance and induces an even deposition of Li in the subsequent low temperature battery operation.Armed with af-SEI,the LMBs deliver the improved rate performance and prolonged cycle life when subjected to low temperature cycling.This work unveils the underlying causes that limit low temperature LMB performances,and enlightens the facile test protocols to build up favorable SEI,beyond scope of material and morphology design.展开更多
1.The need to develop a holographic digital mannequin Life processes,including high intelligence,self-organization,and homeostasis,are characterized by the biological organism in the form of self-renewal,self-replicat...1.The need to develop a holographic digital mannequin Life processes,including high intelligence,self-organization,and homeostasis,are characterized by the biological organism in the form of self-renewal,self-replication and self-regulation,metabolism,self-repair,and self-reproduction,which are all processes of multisystem coordinated movement[1].Research in the field of life sciences is not limited to the use of advanced observational methods to reveal microscopic structures at the subcellular or molecular level.Discoveries based on these methods alone cannot characterize the dynamic processes of life at the microscopic and molecular level[2].展开更多
Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor ...Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor education for college and university students is an urgent need of the high-quality development of the society and the internal requirement of promoting the all-round development of individuals.This study analyzes the importance of strengthening labor education for college and university students in the new era and proposes four practical pathways which draw on labor courses and campus activities,social practices,scientific research projects,and internships.After implementing these pathways,a survey of 967 students showed that students’understanding and awareness of labor was deepened,their hands-on skills and interests in science and labor practices were improved,and they became more cordially respectful to the working class.Taken together,the exploration and practice of these pathways helps college and university students to recognize their abilities,strengths,and interests,and guides them to form good labor habits that permeate all aspects of their studies and lives.展开更多
Introduction: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is shown to be a possible indicator of ovarian function. Severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exposed to high-dose cyclophosphamide (CTX) have a much highe...Introduction: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is shown to be a possible indicator of ovarian function. Severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exposed to high-dose cyclophosphamide (CTX) have a much higher risk of developing infertility and premature ovarian failure. Therefore, we performed a prospective case-control study to evaluate the impact of SLE on women’s ovarian reserve using AMH before CTX therapy. Methods: SLE patients before receiving CTX therapy were enrolled in our hospital. Age-matched healthy women were served as controls. Serum AMH level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Basal hormone levels were measured including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol on the third day of their menstrual periods. All participants underwent transvaginal ultrasonographic examination for the determination of total antral follicle count on the third day. Results: AMH value in SLE patients was significantly lower compared to healthy control with normal ovarian reserve. No significant difference in AMH levels was found between SLE and healthy control with low ovarian reserve. Conclusions: SLE patients not receiving CTX therapy even with normal menstruation, still had an impaired ovarian reserve. Therefore, early monitoring of AMH levels could better reflect the ovarian function and reproductive outcomes of SLE patients and relative protective strategy needed to reserve fertility.展开更多
Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand(PD-L1) blockade has shown promising effects in cancer immunotherapy. Removing the so-called "brakes" on T cell immune responses by blocking the PD...Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand(PD-L1) blockade has shown promising effects in cancer immunotherapy. Removing the so-called "brakes" on T cell immune responses by blocking the PD-1/PDL1 check point should boost anti-tumor immunity and provide durable tumor regression for cancer patients.However, 30%–60% of patients show no response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Thus, it is urgent to explore the underlying resistance mechanisms to improve sensitivity to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. We propose that the mechanisms promoting resistance mainly include T cell exclusion or exhaustion at the tumor site,immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment(TME), and a range of tumor-intrinsic factors. This review highlights the power of studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of resistance to improve the rational design of combination therapeutic strategies that can be translated to the clinic. Here, we briefly discuss the development of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade agents and focus on the current issues and future prospects for potential combinatorial therapeutic strategies that include anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, based upon the available preclinical and clinical data.展开更多
Metal-free,heteroatom functionalized carbon-based catalysts have made remarkable progress in recent years in a wide range of applications related to energy storage and energy generation.In this study,high surface area...Metal-free,heteroatom functionalized carbon-based catalysts have made remarkable progress in recent years in a wide range of applications related to energy storage and energy generation.In this study,high surface area mesoporous ordered sulphur doped carbon materials are obtained via one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon/SBA-15 composite after removal of in-situ synthesized hard template Si O_2.2-thiophenecarboxy acid as sulphur source gives rise to sulphur doping level of 5.5 wt%.Comparing with pristine carbon,the sulphur doped mesoporous ordered carbon demonstrates improved electro-catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution.展开更多
Objective:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs)may cause tumor initiation,metastasis,and recurrence and are also responsible for chemotherapy ...Objective:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs)may cause tumor initiation,metastasis,and recurrence and are also responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),in contrast,are known to be involved in mediating immunosuppression.Here,we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of interaction of CSCs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.Methods:ESCC tissues and cell lines were evaluated.Neural precursor cell expressed,developmentally downregulated 9(NEDD9)was knocked down and overexpressed by lentiviral transfection.Quantitative PCR,Western blot,immunohistochemistry,cell invasion,flow cytometry,cell sorting,multiplex chemokine profiling,and tumor growth analyses were performed.Results:Microarray analysis revealed 10 upregulated genes in esophageal CSCs.Only NEDD9 was upregulated in CSCs using the sphere-forming method.NEDD9 expression was correlated with tumor invasion(P=0.0218),differentiation(P=0.0153),and poor prognosis(P=0.0373).Additionally,NEDD9 was required to maintain the stem-like phenotype.Screening of chemokine expression in ESCC cells with NEDD9 overexpression and knockdown showed that NEDD9 regulated C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8)expression via the ERK pathway.CXCL8 mediated the recruitment of MDSCs induced by NEDD9 in vitro and in vivo.MDSCs promoted the stemness of ESCC cells through NEDD9 via the Notch pathway.Conclusions:As a marker of ESCC,NEDD9 maintained the stemness of ESCC cells and regulated CXCL8 through the ERK pathway to recruit MDSCs into the tumor,suggesting NEDD9 as a therapeutic target and novel prognostic marker for ESCC.展开更多
文摘A time series model is used in this paper to describe the progress of circulating direct condensation heat recovery of the compound condensing process (CCP) which is made of two water cooling condensing processes in series for a centrifugal chiller in the paper. A finite-time thermodynamics method is used to set up the time series simulation model. As a result, an upper bound of recoverable condensation heat for the compound condensing process is obtained which is in good agreement with experimental result. And the result is valuable and useful to optimization design of condensing heat recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81801236(to ZX),81974189(to HT)a grant from Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,No.ynlc201719(to QZ).
文摘Endorepellin plays a key role in the regulation of angiogenesis,but its effects on angiogenesis after traumatic brain injury are unclear.This study explored the effects of endorepellin on angiogenesis and neurobehavioral outcomes after traumatic brain injury in mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham,controlled cortical impact only,adeno-associated virus(AAV)-green fluorescent protein,and AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein groups.In the controlled cortical impact model,the transduction of AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein downregulated endorepellin while increasing the number of CD31+/Ki-67+proliferating endothelial cells and the functional microvessel density in mouse brain.These changes resulted in improved neurological function compared with controlled cortical impact mice.Western blotting revealed increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 in mice treated with AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein.Synchrotron radiation angiography showed that endorepellin downregulation promoted angiogenesis and increased cortical neovascularization,which may further improve neurobehavioral outcomes.Furthermore,an in vitro study showed that downregulation of endorepellin increased tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared with a control.Mechanistic analysis found that endorepellin downregulation may mediate angiogenesis by activating vascular endothelial growth factor-and angiopoietin-1-related signaling pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072061,22322903,12174162)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,China(No.2023NSFSC1914)21C Innovation Laboratory,Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.by project No.21C-OP-202103。
文摘Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it to achieve its theory.In this study,we design a new electrolyte,namely 1 M LiBF_(4)DMSO:DOL(1:9 vol.),achieving a high energy density in Li/CF_xprimary cells.The DMSO with a small molecular size and high donor number successfully solvates Li^(+)into a defined Li^(+)-solvation structure.Such solvated Li^(+)can intercalate into the large-spacing carbon layers and achieve an improved capacity.Consequently,when discharged to 1.0 V,the CF_(1.12)cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 1944 m A h g^(-1)with a specific energy density of 3793 W h kg^(-1).This strategy demonstrates that designing the electrolyte is powerful in improving the electrochemical performance of CF_(x) cathode.
文摘The traditional small target detection algorithm often results in a high false alarm rate on the sea surface background. To address this issue, a small target detection method based on guided filtering and local average gray level difference was proposed in this paper for the sea surface. Firstly, the method enhanced the details of the small targets by employing guided filtering to suppress the background clutter and noise in the sea surface image. Subsequently, the local average gray level difference of each point in the image was calculated to further distinguish the targets from other interference points. Finally, the threshold segmentation method was utilized to obtain the actual small targets on the sea surface. After conducting experiments on various sea surface scenes, the LSCRG, BSF, and ROC curve were computed for the proposed method and five other algorithms. Comparative analysis with BS, Top-hat, TDLMS, Max-median, and LCM demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method for infrared small target detection on the sea surface.
基金supported by Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NZ2021001)State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources(SKICUSA-a202007)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515011027,2019A1515012009)。
文摘Plants are capable of regulating their shoot architecture in response to diverse internal and external environments.The circadian clock is an adaptive mechanism that integrates information from internal and ambient conditions to help plants cope with recurring environmental fluctuations.Despite the current understanding of plant circadian clock and genetic framework underlying plant shoot architecture,the intricate connection between these two adaptive mechanisms remains largely unclear.In this study,we elucidated how the core clock gene LUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX)regulates shoot architecture in the model legume plant Medicago truncatula.We show that mtlux mutant displays increased main stem height,reduced lateral shoot length,and decreased the number of lateral branches and biomass yield.Gene expression analysis revealed that Mt LUX regulated shoot architecture by repressing the expression of strigolactone receptor MtD14 and MtTB1/MtTCP1A,a TCP gene that functions centrally in modulating shoot architecture.In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Mt LUX directly binds to a cis-element in the promoter of MtTB1/MtTCP1A,suggesting that Mt LUX regulates branching by rhythmically suppressing MtTB1/MtTCP1A.This work demonstrates the regulatory effect of the circadian clock on shoot architecture,offering a new understanding underlying the genetic basis towards the flexibility of plant shoot architecture.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.51774152)Jiangxi Provincial Education Department(GJJ200816)+1 种基金“Double height project”in Jiangxi province(No.[2022]223)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52264023).
文摘In this paper,using methyl cinnamate as raw material,the new cinnamic hydroxamic acid collector(CIHA)was synthesized by the hydroxylamine method.The collector performance of hydroxamic acid was investigated for scheelite and gangue calcite,and the flotation separation test of scheelite and calcite was carried out with CIHA as the collector.The interaction mechanism between hydroxamic acid and scheelite minerals has also been investigated through zeta potential,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)experiments,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)experiments,and density functional theory(DFT)calculation.The single mineral flotation test and artificially mixed ore showed that CIHA had an excellent collection effect and selectivity.Zeta potential,FTIR,and XPS showed that CIHA was adsorbed on the scheelite surface by strong chemical adsorption.The active group of CIHA was analyzed through quantum chemical calculation.It was speculated that C=O and N-O bonds could synthesize a five-membered chelated hydroxamic acid group with Ca element chelate on scheelite surface,changing hydrophobicity and making it more likely to emerge from the pulp.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072061)21C Innovation Laboratory,Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.by project No.21C–OP–202103。
文摘Fluorinated carbons(CFx)have been widely applied as lithium primary batteries due to their ultra-high energy density.It will be a great promise if CFx can be rechargeable.In this study,we rationally tune the C-F bond strength for the alkaline intercalated CFx via importing an electronegative weaker element K instead of Li.It forms a ternary phase K_(x)FC instead of two phases(LiF+C)in lithium-ion batteries.Meanwhile,we choose a large layer distance and more defects CFx,namely fluorinated soft carbon,to accommodate K.Thus,we enable CFx rechargeable as a potassium-ion battery cathode.In detail fluorinated soft carbon CF_(1.01) presents a reversible specific capacity of 339 mA h g^(-1)(797 Wh kg^(-1))in the 2nd cycle and maintains 330 mA h g^(-1)(726 Wh kg^(-1))in the 15th cycle.This study reveals the importance of tuning chemical bond stability using different alkaline ions to endow batteries with rechargeability.This work provides good references for focusing on developing reversible electrode materials from popular primary cell configurations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant Nos.62173281,51975319,61801407)the State Key Laboratory of Tribology and Institute of Manufacturing Engineering at Tsinghua University。
文摘The electrification of vehicles puts forward higher requirements for the power management efficiency of integrated battery management systems as the primary or sole energy supply.In this paper,an efficient adaptive multi-time scale identification strategy is proposed to achieve high-fidelity modeling of complex kinetic processes inside the battery.More specifically,a second-order equivalent circuit model network considering variable characteristic frequency is constructed based on the high-frequency,medium-high-frequency,and low-frequency characteristics of the key kinetic processes.Then,two coupled sub-filters are developed based on forgetting factor recursive least squares and extended Kalman filtering methods and decoupled by the corresponding time-scale information.The coupled iterative calculation of the two sub-filter modules at different time scales is realized by the voltage response of the kinetic diffusion process.In addition,the driver of the low-frequency subalgorithm with the state of charge variation amount as the kernel is designed to realize the adaptive identification of the kinetic diffusion process parameters.Finally,the concept of dynamical parameter entropy is introduced and advocated to verify the physical meaning of the kinetic parameters.The experimental results under three operating conditions show that the mean absolute error and root-mean-square error metrics of the proposed strategy for voltage tracking can be limited to 13 and 16 mV,respectively.Additionally,from the entropy calculation results,the proposed method can reduce the dispersion of parameter identification results by a maximum of 40.72%and 70.05%,respectively,compared with the traditional fixed characteristic frequency algorithms.The proposed method paves the way for the subsequent development of adaptive state estimators and efficient embedded applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0210701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005134,12275119,U22A20439)+4 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCBS20210609103647030)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515012403)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20200820113047086)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for PhotonicThermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices(2019B121205001)the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(2022SLABFK04)。
文摘The development of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)depends on exploiting solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)with high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.Fluorination is generally considered to be an effective strategy to improve the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of inorganic SSEs.Here,we report the partial fluorination of the chlo rine sites in an antiperovskite,by which the orthorhombic Li_(2)OHCl was transformed into cubic Li_(2)OHCl_(0.9)F_(0.1),resulting in a fourfold increase in ionic conductivity at 30℃.The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that both the crystal symmetry and the anions electronegativity influence the diffusion of Li+in the antiperovskite structure.Besides,from the perspective of experiments and calculations,it is confirmed that fluorination is a feasible method to improve the electrochemical stability of antiperovskite SSEs.The LiFePO_(4)|Li cell based on Li_(2)OHCl_(0.9)F_(0.1) is also assembled and exhibits stable cycle performance,which indicates that fluorination of antiperovskite SSEs is an effective way to produce high-performance SSEs for practical application of ASSLBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22379121)Shenzhen Foundation Research Fund granted by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (JCYJ20220530112812028)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (G2022KY0606)Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Open Fund (No. 2023FE005)。
文摘Despite being a leading candidate to meet stringent energy targets,lithium(Li) metal batteries(LMBs)face severe challenges at low temperatures such as dramatic increase in impedance,capacity loss and dendrite growth.Unambiguously fingerprinting rate-limited factors of low-temperature LMBs would encourage targeted approaches to promote performances.Herein,the charge transfer impedance across solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) is identified to restrict battery operation under low temperature,and we propose a facile approach on the basis of ambiently fostering SEI(af-SEI) to facilitate charge transfer.The concept of af-SEI stems from kinetic benefits and structural merits to construct SEI at ambient temperature over low temperature developed SEI that is temporally consuming to achieve steady state and that is structurally defective to incur dendrite growth.The af-SEI allows ionically conductive and morphologically uniform layer on the anode surface,which exhibits a lower resistance and induces an even deposition of Li in the subsequent low temperature battery operation.Armed with af-SEI,the LMBs deliver the improved rate performance and prolonged cycle life when subjected to low temperature cycling.This work unveils the underlying causes that limit low temperature LMB performances,and enlightens the facile test protocols to build up favorable SEI,beyond scope of material and morphology design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82293651)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-055)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior(2017B030301017).
文摘1.The need to develop a holographic digital mannequin Life processes,including high intelligence,self-organization,and homeostasis,are characterized by the biological organism in the form of self-renewal,self-replication and self-regulation,metabolism,self-repair,and self-reproduction,which are all processes of multisystem coordinated movement[1].Research in the field of life sciences is not limited to the use of advanced observational methods to reveal microscopic structures at the subcellular or molecular level.Discoveries based on these methods alone cannot characterize the dynamic processes of life at the microscopic and molecular level[2].
基金supported by Research Project of Henan Provincial Social Science Circles Federation(SKL-2023-1059)Higher Education Research Project of Henan Association of Higher Education(2021SXHLX175)Research Projects from Xinxiang Municipal Social Science Circles Federation(SKL-2023-126 and SKL-2023-136).
文摘Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor education for college and university students is an urgent need of the high-quality development of the society and the internal requirement of promoting the all-round development of individuals.This study analyzes the importance of strengthening labor education for college and university students in the new era and proposes four practical pathways which draw on labor courses and campus activities,social practices,scientific research projects,and internships.After implementing these pathways,a survey of 967 students showed that students’understanding and awareness of labor was deepened,their hands-on skills and interests in science and labor practices were improved,and they became more cordially respectful to the working class.Taken together,the exploration and practice of these pathways helps college and university students to recognize their abilities,strengths,and interests,and guides them to form good labor habits that permeate all aspects of their studies and lives.
文摘Introduction: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is shown to be a possible indicator of ovarian function. Severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exposed to high-dose cyclophosphamide (CTX) have a much higher risk of developing infertility and premature ovarian failure. Therefore, we performed a prospective case-control study to evaluate the impact of SLE on women’s ovarian reserve using AMH before CTX therapy. Methods: SLE patients before receiving CTX therapy were enrolled in our hospital. Age-matched healthy women were served as controls. Serum AMH level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Basal hormone levels were measured including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol on the third day of their menstrual periods. All participants underwent transvaginal ultrasonographic examination for the determination of total antral follicle count on the third day. Results: AMH value in SLE patients was significantly lower compared to healthy control with normal ovarian reserve. No significant difference in AMH levels was found between SLE and healthy control with low ovarian reserve. Conclusions: SLE patients not receiving CTX therapy even with normal menstruation, still had an impaired ovarian reserve. Therefore, early monitoring of AMH levels could better reflect the ovarian function and reproductive outcomes of SLE patients and relative protective strategy needed to reserve fertility.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81171986)the Ministry of Public Health (No. 201501004)
文摘Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand(PD-L1) blockade has shown promising effects in cancer immunotherapy. Removing the so-called "brakes" on T cell immune responses by blocking the PD-1/PDL1 check point should boost anti-tumor immunity and provide durable tumor regression for cancer patients.However, 30%–60% of patients show no response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Thus, it is urgent to explore the underlying resistance mechanisms to improve sensitivity to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. We propose that the mechanisms promoting resistance mainly include T cell exclusion or exhaustion at the tumor site,immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment(TME), and a range of tumor-intrinsic factors. This review highlights the power of studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of resistance to improve the rational design of combination therapeutic strategies that can be translated to the clinic. Here, we briefly discuss the development of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade agents and focus on the current issues and future prospects for potential combinatorial therapeutic strategies that include anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, based upon the available preclinical and clinical data.
基金supported by the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(Y02002010301080)the National Science Foundation of China(51502032)the financial support from Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ14E020003)
文摘Metal-free,heteroatom functionalized carbon-based catalysts have made remarkable progress in recent years in a wide range of applications related to energy storage and energy generation.In this study,high surface area mesoporous ordered sulphur doped carbon materials are obtained via one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon/SBA-15 composite after removal of in-situ synthesized hard template Si O_2.2-thiophenecarboxy acid as sulphur source gives rise to sulphur doping level of 5.5 wt%.Comparing with pristine carbon,the sulphur doped mesoporous ordered carbon demonstrates improved electro-catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81602599,31400752,81771781,and U1804281)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC1303501)。
文摘Objective:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs)may cause tumor initiation,metastasis,and recurrence and are also responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),in contrast,are known to be involved in mediating immunosuppression.Here,we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of interaction of CSCs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.Methods:ESCC tissues and cell lines were evaluated.Neural precursor cell expressed,developmentally downregulated 9(NEDD9)was knocked down and overexpressed by lentiviral transfection.Quantitative PCR,Western blot,immunohistochemistry,cell invasion,flow cytometry,cell sorting,multiplex chemokine profiling,and tumor growth analyses were performed.Results:Microarray analysis revealed 10 upregulated genes in esophageal CSCs.Only NEDD9 was upregulated in CSCs using the sphere-forming method.NEDD9 expression was correlated with tumor invasion(P=0.0218),differentiation(P=0.0153),and poor prognosis(P=0.0373).Additionally,NEDD9 was required to maintain the stem-like phenotype.Screening of chemokine expression in ESCC cells with NEDD9 overexpression and knockdown showed that NEDD9 regulated C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8)expression via the ERK pathway.CXCL8 mediated the recruitment of MDSCs induced by NEDD9 in vitro and in vivo.MDSCs promoted the stemness of ESCC cells through NEDD9 via the Notch pathway.Conclusions:As a marker of ESCC,NEDD9 maintained the stemness of ESCC cells and regulated CXCL8 through the ERK pathway to recruit MDSCs into the tumor,suggesting NEDD9 as a therapeutic target and novel prognostic marker for ESCC.
