Reservoir identification and production prediction are two of the most important tasks in petroleum exploration and development.Machine learning(ML)methods are used for petroleum-related studies,but have not been appl...Reservoir identification and production prediction are two of the most important tasks in petroleum exploration and development.Machine learning(ML)methods are used for petroleum-related studies,but have not been applied to reservoir identification and production prediction based on reservoir identification.Production forecasting studies are typically based on overall reservoir thickness and lack accuracy when reservoirs contain a water or dry layer without oil production.In this paper,a systematic ML method was developed using classification models for reservoir identification,and regression models for production prediction.The production models are based on the reservoir identification results.To realize the reservoir identification,seven optimized ML methods were used:four typical single ML methods and three ensemble ML methods.These methods classify the reservoir into five types of layers:water,dry and three levels of oil(I oil layer,II oil layer,III oil layer).The validation and test results of these seven optimized ML methods suggest the three ensemble methods perform better than the four single ML methods in reservoir identification.The XGBoost produced the model with the highest accuracy;up to 99%.The effective thickness of I and II oil layers determined during the reservoir identification was fed into the models for predicting production.Effective thickness considers the distribution of the water and the oil resulting in a more reasonable production prediction compared to predictions based on the overall reservoir thickness.To validate the superiority of the ML methods,reference models using overall reservoir thickness were built for comparison.The models based on effective thickness outperformed the reference models in every evaluation metric.The prediction accuracy of the ML models using effective thickness were 10%higher than that of reference model.Without the personal error or data distortion existing in traditional methods,this novel system realizes rapid analysis of data while reducing the time required to resolve reservoir classification and production prediction challenges.The ML models using the effective thickness obtained from reservoir identification were more accurate when predicting oil production compared to previous studies which use overall reservoir thickness.展开更多
A global trend towards greater health awareness with a resulting reduction in smoking has contributed to the improved control and early detection of lung cancer.[1]Furthermore,developments in diagnostic technologies h...A global trend towards greater health awareness with a resulting reduction in smoking has contributed to the improved control and early detection of lung cancer.[1]Furthermore,developments in diagnostic technologies have enhanced the detection of multifocal lung cancer,characterized by multiple cancerous lesions.Multifocal lung cancer can be divided into multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)and pulmonary metastasis-associated lung cancer intrapulmonary metastases(IM)according to the types of lesions.The differential diagnosis of MPLC and IM is clinically important because of the direct impacts on tumor-node-metastasis staging and the implications for the treatment of lung cancer.The diagnostic criteria for MPLC were first proposed by Martini and Melamed in 1975[2]and were subsequently revised and supplemented by the American College of Chest Physicians(ACCP)in 2003.[3]These ACCP standards currently provide the main diagnostic criteria for the clinical differential diagnosis of MPLC and IM.MPLC and IM differ in terms of their clonal origins,which could provide a useful basis for multi-gene detection to assist the diagnosis of multifocal lung cancer.展开更多
文摘Reservoir identification and production prediction are two of the most important tasks in petroleum exploration and development.Machine learning(ML)methods are used for petroleum-related studies,but have not been applied to reservoir identification and production prediction based on reservoir identification.Production forecasting studies are typically based on overall reservoir thickness and lack accuracy when reservoirs contain a water or dry layer without oil production.In this paper,a systematic ML method was developed using classification models for reservoir identification,and regression models for production prediction.The production models are based on the reservoir identification results.To realize the reservoir identification,seven optimized ML methods were used:four typical single ML methods and three ensemble ML methods.These methods classify the reservoir into five types of layers:water,dry and three levels of oil(I oil layer,II oil layer,III oil layer).The validation and test results of these seven optimized ML methods suggest the three ensemble methods perform better than the four single ML methods in reservoir identification.The XGBoost produced the model with the highest accuracy;up to 99%.The effective thickness of I and II oil layers determined during the reservoir identification was fed into the models for predicting production.Effective thickness considers the distribution of the water and the oil resulting in a more reasonable production prediction compared to predictions based on the overall reservoir thickness.To validate the superiority of the ML methods,reference models using overall reservoir thickness were built for comparison.The models based on effective thickness outperformed the reference models in every evaluation metric.The prediction accuracy of the ML models using effective thickness were 10%higher than that of reference model.Without the personal error or data distortion existing in traditional methods,this novel system realizes rapid analysis of data while reducing the time required to resolve reservoir classification and production prediction challenges.The ML models using the effective thickness obtained from reservoir identification were more accurate when predicting oil production compared to previous studies which use overall reservoir thickness.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773109)。
文摘A global trend towards greater health awareness with a resulting reduction in smoking has contributed to the improved control and early detection of lung cancer.[1]Furthermore,developments in diagnostic technologies have enhanced the detection of multifocal lung cancer,characterized by multiple cancerous lesions.Multifocal lung cancer can be divided into multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)and pulmonary metastasis-associated lung cancer intrapulmonary metastases(IM)according to the types of lesions.The differential diagnosis of MPLC and IM is clinically important because of the direct impacts on tumor-node-metastasis staging and the implications for the treatment of lung cancer.The diagnostic criteria for MPLC were first proposed by Martini and Melamed in 1975[2]and were subsequently revised and supplemented by the American College of Chest Physicians(ACCP)in 2003.[3]These ACCP standards currently provide the main diagnostic criteria for the clinical differential diagnosis of MPLC and IM.MPLC and IM differ in terms of their clonal origins,which could provide a useful basis for multi-gene detection to assist the diagnosis of multifocal lung cancer.
