Pulmonary fibrosis poses a significant health threat with very limited therapeutic options available.In this study,we reported the enhanced expression of mesenchymal homobox 1(MEOX1)in pulmonary fibrosis patients,espe...Pulmonary fibrosis poses a significant health threat with very limited therapeutic options available.In this study,we reported the enhanced expression of mesenchymal homobox 1(MEOX1)in pulmonary fibrosis patients,especially in their fibroblasts and endothelial cells,and confirmed MEOX1 as a central orchestrator in the activation of profibrotic genes.By high-throughput screening,we identified Ailanthone(AIL)from a natural compound library as the first small molecule capable of directly targeting and suppressing MEOX1.AIL demonstrated the ability to inhibit both the activation of fibroblasts and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells when challenged by transforming growth factor-b1(TGF-b1).In an animal model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis,AIL effectively mitigated the fibrotic process and restored respiratory functions.Mechanistically,AIL acted as a suppressor of MEOX1 by disrupting the interaction between the transcription factor JUN and the promoter of MEOX1,thereby inhibiting MEOX1 expression and activity.In summary,our findings pinpointed MEOX1 as a cell-specific and clinically translatable target in fibrosis.Moreover,we demonstrated the potent anti-fibrotic effect of AIL in pulmonary fibrosis,specifically through the suppression of JUN-dependent MEOX1 activation.展开更多
Bio-tar extra-produced from biomass pyrolysis is prone to pose a threat to environment and human health.A novel N-doped porous electrode from bio-tar was produced under dual-activation of urea and KOH in this study.On...Bio-tar extra-produced from biomass pyrolysis is prone to pose a threat to environment and human health.A novel N-doped porous electrode from bio-tar was produced under dual-activation of urea and KOH in this study.Onepot dual-activation played significant roles in N-functional group and micro-mesoporous structure,which resulted in the carbon material with the highest of nitrogen content(4.08%)and the special surface area(1298.26 m^(2)·g^(−1)).Specifically,the potential mechanisms of pore formation and N-doping in the one-pot dual-activation strategy were also proposed as a consequence,the one-pot dual-activated carbon material displayed excellent electrochemical performance with the highest capacitance of 309.5 F·g^(−1) at 0.5 A·g^(−1),and the unipolar specific capacitance remained with cyclic characteristics of 80.1%after 10,000 cycles in two-electrode symmetric system.Furthermore,the one-pot dual-activation strategy could create a profit of$1.64-$2.38 per kilogram of bio-tar processed without considering the initial investment and labor costs,which provides new perspectives for the utilization of waste bio-tar.展开更多
Biochar,as a potential CO_(2) adsorbent,is of great significance in addressing the problem of global warming.Previous studies have demonstrated that the CO_(2) adsorption performance of biochar can be improved by nitr...Biochar,as a potential CO_(2) adsorbent,is of great significance in addressing the problem of global warming.Previous studies have demonstrated that the CO_(2) adsorption performance of biochar can be improved by nitrogen and sulfur doping.Co-doping can integrate the structure and function of two elements.However,the physicochemical interaction of nitrogen and sulfur during doping and the CO_(2) adsorption process remains unclear in co-doped biochar.In this study,the heteroatom-doped biochar was prepared with different additives(urea,sodium thiosulfate,and thiourea)via hydrothermal carbonization,and the physicochemical interaction of nitrogen and sulfur in co-doped biochar was investigated extensively.The findings revealed that nitrogen and sulfur competed for limited doped active sites on the carbon skeleton during the co-doping process.Interestingly,thiourea retained the amino group on the surface of biochar to a great extent due to carbon-sulfur double bond breaking and bonding,which facilitated the formation of pore in the activation process.Significantly,co-doping had no significant improvement effect although nitrogen and sulfur doping separately enhanced the CO_(2) adsorption performance of biochar by 11.9%and 8.5%.The nitrogencontaining and sulfur-containing functional groups in co-doped biochar exhibited mutual inhibition in the process of CO_(2) adsorption.The findings of this study will have pertinent implications in the application of N/S co-doped biochar for CO_(2) adsorption.展开更多
Metastasis is crucial for the mortality of non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC) patients.The epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis.Glioma-associated oncogene 1(Gli...Metastasis is crucial for the mortality of non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC) patients.The epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis.Glioma-associated oncogene 1(Gli1) is aberrantly active in a series of tumor tissues. However, the molecular regulatory relationships between Gli1 and NSCLC metastasis have not yet been identified. Herein,we reported Gli1 promoted NSCLC metastasis. High Gli1 expression was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Ectopic expression of Gli1 in low metastatic A549 and NCI-H460 cells enhanced their migration, invasion abilities and facilitated EMT process, whereas knock-down of Gli1 in high metastatic NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1703 cells showed an opposite effect. Notably, Gli1 overexpression accelerated the lung and liver metastasis of NSCLC in the intravenously injected metastasis model. Further research showed that Gli1 positively regulated Snail expression by binding to its promoter and enhancing its protein stability, thereby facilitating the migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC. In addition, administration of GANT-61, a Gli1 inhibitor, obviously suppressed the metastasis of NSCLC. Collectively, our study reveals that Gli1 is a critical regulator for NSCLC metastasis and suggests that targeting Gli1 is a prospective therapy strategy for metastatic NSCLC.展开更多
Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in animal manure from concentrated animal feeding operations by thermophilic composting has drawn increasing attention.This study investigated the effects of sawdust bio...Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in animal manure from concentrated animal feeding operations by thermophilic composting has drawn increasing attention.This study investigated the effects of sawdust biochar,corn stover biochar and peanut hull biochar with three spiked levels on ARGs in swine manure during thermophilic composting.Thirteen ARGs corresponding to four classes of antibiotics(tetracyclines,sulfonamides,macrolides and quinolones)were determined in the composting piles.Results indicated that the ten tested composting groups became fully mature after 30-day thermophilic composting process.tetM,tetO and ermB were reduced in all tested groups;tetC and tetG,tetX,sul1,sul2,ermF,qnrD and aac(6’)-Ib were mostly reduced under low level biochar addition but increased under higher level biochar addition;gyrA increased under medium biochar addition and reduced in other groups;oqxB remained comparatively stable throughout the composting process.The addition levels of spiked biochar are more important than types of spiked biochar on the removal of ARGs in the composting pile.The average removal rates of ARGs in the control group,low,medium and high level biochar addition groups were 0.24 logs,0.52-0.72 logs,-0.52-0.18 logs and-0.19-0.21 logs,respectively.In summary,low level biochar addition could enhance the elimination of studied ARGs in swine manure during the composting process,while medium level biochar addition to the composting piles would increase the risk of ARGs’propagation.展开更多
Overexpression of exogenous lineage-determining factors succeeds in directly reprogramming fibroblasts to various cell types.Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor c...Overexpression of exogenous lineage-determining factors succeeds in directly reprogramming fibroblasts to various cell types.Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells(iCPCs).CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene activation is a potential approach for cellular reprogramming due to its high precision and multiplexing capacity.Here we show lineage reprogramming to iCPCs through a dead Cas9(dCas9)-based transcription activation system.Targeted and robust activation of endogenous cardiac factors,including GATA4,HAND2,MEF2 C and TBX5(G,H,M and T;GHMT),can reprogram human fibroblasts toward iCPCs.The iCPCs show potentials to differentiate into cardiomyocytes,smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro.Addition of MEIS1 to GHMT induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M and facilitates cardiac reprogramming.Lineage reprogramming of human fibroblasts into iCPCs provides a promising cellular resource for disease modeling,drug discovery and individualized cardiac cell therapy.展开更多
In recent years,the utilization of manure resources for livestock and poultry farming has attracted a widespread attention,and manure resources utilization models suitable for different regional characteristics have f...In recent years,the utilization of manure resources for livestock and poultry farming has attracted a widespread attention,and manure resources utilization models suitable for different regional characteristics have formed gradually.Among them,the production of organic fertilizer from animal manure is a vital utilization method.However,there are still some problems such as high production costs,difficult sales,and the unwillingness of farmers to use organic fertilizers which have affected the breeding cycle and the sustainability of manure treatment in livestock and poultry breeding.This article selected 371 organic fertilizer plants,related farms and farmers in China,focusing on the main links of the entire process of livestock manure-organic fertilizer-farm application,and studied the mode of animal manure collection by organic fertilizer plants.The costs of organic fertilizer production and farmland application were discussed.Moreover,suggestions were made for the promotion and implementation of large-scale organic fertilizers to make good utilization of manure resources in livestock and poultry farming.展开更多
Fertilization mode affects soil quality and ecological health.The effects of four fertilization regimens on lignocellulose content,readily degradable carbohydrate decomposition,and potential microbial functions in the...Fertilization mode affects soil quality and ecological health.The effects of four fertilization regimens on lignocellulose content,readily degradable carbohydrate decomposition,and potential microbial functions in the topsoil of a wheat-maize rotation system between 2012 and 2017 were investigated.The fertilization regimens of control(control NFNB),high chemical fertilizer(HCF),high biochar plus low chemical fertilizer(HBLCF),and biochar-based fertilizer(BBF)were compared on soil fundamental properties,microbial structure,and potential function in soil carbohydrate degradation based on metagenome analysis.The diversity of carbohydrate-active enzyme genes in the topsoil microbial consortia in the four trials was primarily distributed within the ten ecologically most dominant phyla.Application of BBF was associated with the lowest decline in total nitrogen and P2O5(2012-2017:6.5%and 28.1%,respectively)and the most effective carbohydrate decomposition(2015-2017:67.0%for cellulose and 59.9%for readily degradable carbohydrate).Carbohydrate transport and metabolism accounted for 6.0%of reads assigned functional classification under the BBF regimen.These findings reveal the ecologically functional diversity of topsoil microorganisms and suggest BBF application as a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture and beneficial to soil health.展开更多
A large amount of real complex wastewaters are generated every year,which leads to a great environmental burden.Various treatment technologies were deployed to remove the contaminants in the wastewaters.However,these ...A large amount of real complex wastewaters are generated every year,which leads to a great environmental burden.Various treatment technologies were deployed to remove the contaminants in the wastewaters.However,these actual wastewaters have not been sufficiently treated due to their complex properties,high-concentration organics,incomplete utilization of hard-biodegradable substrates,the high energy input required,etc.Recently,microbial electrolysis cells(MECs),a great potential technology,has emerged for various wastewater treatment,because not only do they demonstrate satisfactory performance during wastewater treatment,but they also generate renewable H2 as a clean energy carrier.Unlike previous reviews,this review introduced the characteristics of every complicated wastewater,and focused on analyzing and summarizing MEC development for wastewater treatment.The performances of MECs were systematically reviewed in terms of organics removal,H2 production,Columbic efficiency,and energy efficiency.MEC performances for treating actual complex wastewaters and producing H2 can be optimized through operation parameters,electrode materials,catalyst materials,etc.In addition,the challenges and opportunities including complexity of wastewaters,instability of H2 production,robust microorganisms,effect of membrane on two-chamber MEC,and integration of MEC with other treatment processes were deeply discussed.Except for the technical feasibility,both environmental feasibility and economic feasibility also need to meet social requirements.This review can indeed provide a basis for high-efficiency treatment and practical commercial applications of recalcitrant wastewaters via MECs in the future.展开更多
This study evaluated eight different types of heat supply modes based on crop residues utilization in the rural area of Northern China,including straw densified solid fuel combustion,pyrolysis char combustion,biogas c...This study evaluated eight different types of heat supply modes based on crop residues utilization in the rural area of Northern China,including straw densified solid fuel combustion,pyrolysis char combustion,biogas combustion,and pyrolysis gas combustion for single household heating;straw densified solid fuel combustion,baling straw combustion,biogas combustion,and pyrolysis gas combustion for centralized heating;centralized gas supply and centralized pyrolysis gas supply modes.Comprehensively evaluation was the cost of these different eight heat supply modes.The results showed that the cost of straw densified solid fuel combustion,pyrolysis char combustion for single household heating were 2346 RMB/household and 2390 RMB/household.With the heating scale of 200-500 households,the pipe network distance was 8 m/household,and the total annual heating cost was predicted at 2201-2992 RMB/household.Among them,the cost of straw baling combustion for centralized heating was the lowest,the cost of densified solid fuel,biogas,and pyrolysis for centralized heating was the second,and the cost of biogas and pyrolysis gas for centralized gas supply was the highest.For the increase in every 1 m of the pipeline distance,the investment cost will increase by about 645 RMB for each household.This study provides a basis for the implementation of clean heat supply technologies in less-developed areas and guidance of village heat-supply subsidy policies.展开更多
The effects of operating conditions and pre-densification on the torrefaction performance parameters and the properties of the torrefied sorghum straw were studied.A full-factor experiment was performed on a fixed tub...The effects of operating conditions and pre-densification on the torrefaction performance parameters and the properties of the torrefied sorghum straw were studied.A full-factor experiment was performed on a fixed tube furnace,in which sorghum straw powder and pellets were heated to 230℃,260℃,280℃ and 300℃ at 2.5℃/min,5℃/min and 7.5℃/min,respectively.The pyrolysis characteristics of the sorghum straw torrefied under various operating conditions were complemented by thermogravimetric analysis.It was observed that the high temperature led to the high calorific value of the torrefied sorghum straw with an acceptable mass and energy yield.The sorghum straw torrefied at a temperature above 280℃ had a higher heating value(HHV)that was comparable to that of the low rank coal while maintaining its energy yield above 85%.The results suggested that temperature was an important factor determining the properties of the torrefied products,and the heating rate would affect the internal temperature of the torrefied biomass by affecting the heat transfer during the torrefaction.The energy densification index of the pellets decreased uniformly as the heating rate increased proportionally,indicating that pre-densification can be used as a potential method to solve the heat transfer delay in the fixed reactors at high heating rates,especially for high temperatures.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of different heating rates on the pyrolysis behavior of the white pine wood residues.The raw materials were tested via two heating patterns with variable heating rates and compared w...This study investigated the effect of different heating rates on the pyrolysis behavior of the white pine wood residues.The raw materials were tested via two heating patterns with variable heating rates and compared with three other heating patterns with constant heating rates.The yields and characteristics of products such as char,pyrolysis oil and non-condensable gases under different heating rates were also determined.The gas,liquid,and solid phase yields of the products via heating with decreasing heating rates were similar to the yields obtained from constant heating rate at 2.3℃/min.The pyrolysis process by decreasing heating rates resulted in 30.04% char,44.53% bio-oil,and 25.43% non-condensable gases,which displayed higher char yield and pyrolysis gas than the other heating patterns.The results of thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that variable heating rate significantly changed the weight loss profiles during pyrolysis.It was observed during gas chromatography test that CO and CO_(2) were released earlier than CH_(4) and H_(2).The analysis of the chemical components confirmed that the bio-oil produced by heating process with decreasing rates contains less macromolecular organic matter content than the other patterns.展开更多
基金support from National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0209700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070406,82000080,and 82304486)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration Science and Technology Innovation Program(2023ZDZ05,2022ZDZ10,China)supported by a funding from the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong to AS(2024A1515010574,China).
文摘Pulmonary fibrosis poses a significant health threat with very limited therapeutic options available.In this study,we reported the enhanced expression of mesenchymal homobox 1(MEOX1)in pulmonary fibrosis patients,especially in their fibroblasts and endothelial cells,and confirmed MEOX1 as a central orchestrator in the activation of profibrotic genes.By high-throughput screening,we identified Ailanthone(AIL)from a natural compound library as the first small molecule capable of directly targeting and suppressing MEOX1.AIL demonstrated the ability to inhibit both the activation of fibroblasts and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells when challenged by transforming growth factor-b1(TGF-b1).In an animal model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis,AIL effectively mitigated the fibrotic process and restored respiratory functions.Mechanistically,AIL acted as a suppressor of MEOX1 by disrupting the interaction between the transcription factor JUN and the promoter of MEOX1,thereby inhibiting MEOX1 expression and activity.In summary,our findings pinpointed MEOX1 as a cell-specific and clinically translatable target in fibrosis.Moreover,we demonstrated the potent anti-fibrotic effect of AIL in pulmonary fibrosis,specifically through the suppression of JUN-dependent MEOX1 activation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376220)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2002102).
文摘Bio-tar extra-produced from biomass pyrolysis is prone to pose a threat to environment and human health.A novel N-doped porous electrode from bio-tar was produced under dual-activation of urea and KOH in this study.Onepot dual-activation played significant roles in N-functional group and micro-mesoporous structure,which resulted in the carbon material with the highest of nitrogen content(4.08%)and the special surface area(1298.26 m^(2)·g^(−1)).Specifically,the potential mechanisms of pore formation and N-doping in the one-pot dual-activation strategy were also proposed as a consequence,the one-pot dual-activated carbon material displayed excellent electrochemical performance with the highest capacitance of 309.5 F·g^(−1) at 0.5 A·g^(−1),and the unipolar specific capacitance remained with cyclic characteristics of 80.1%after 10,000 cycles in two-electrode symmetric system.Furthermore,the one-pot dual-activation strategy could create a profit of$1.64-$2.38 per kilogram of bio-tar processed without considering the initial investment and labor costs,which provides new perspectives for the utilization of waste bio-tar.
基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP),National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2002102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52261145701,U21A20162,52376220).
文摘Biochar,as a potential CO_(2) adsorbent,is of great significance in addressing the problem of global warming.Previous studies have demonstrated that the CO_(2) adsorption performance of biochar can be improved by nitrogen and sulfur doping.Co-doping can integrate the structure and function of two elements.However,the physicochemical interaction of nitrogen and sulfur during doping and the CO_(2) adsorption process remains unclear in co-doped biochar.In this study,the heteroatom-doped biochar was prepared with different additives(urea,sodium thiosulfate,and thiourea)via hydrothermal carbonization,and the physicochemical interaction of nitrogen and sulfur in co-doped biochar was investigated extensively.The findings revealed that nitrogen and sulfur competed for limited doped active sites on the carbon skeleton during the co-doping process.Interestingly,thiourea retained the amino group on the surface of biochar to a great extent due to carbon-sulfur double bond breaking and bonding,which facilitated the formation of pore in the activation process.Significantly,co-doping had no significant improvement effect although nitrogen and sulfur doping separately enhanced the CO_(2) adsorption performance of biochar by 11.9%and 8.5%.The nitrogencontaining and sulfur-containing functional groups in co-doped biochar exhibited mutual inhibition in the process of CO_(2) adsorption.The findings of this study will have pertinent implications in the application of N/S co-doped biochar for CO_(2) adsorption.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104201)the GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110058,China)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202002030026,China)the open research funds from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Qingyuan People’s Hospital(202011-306,China)to Xueping Lei,National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903607)to Songpei Li,Research Program of Guangzhou Education Bureau(202032845,China)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202102020017,China)to Qiudi Deng.
文摘Metastasis is crucial for the mortality of non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC) patients.The epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis.Glioma-associated oncogene 1(Gli1) is aberrantly active in a series of tumor tissues. However, the molecular regulatory relationships between Gli1 and NSCLC metastasis have not yet been identified. Herein,we reported Gli1 promoted NSCLC metastasis. High Gli1 expression was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Ectopic expression of Gli1 in low metastatic A549 and NCI-H460 cells enhanced their migration, invasion abilities and facilitated EMT process, whereas knock-down of Gli1 in high metastatic NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1703 cells showed an opposite effect. Notably, Gli1 overexpression accelerated the lung and liver metastasis of NSCLC in the intravenously injected metastasis model. Further research showed that Gli1 positively regulated Snail expression by binding to its promoter and enhancing its protein stability, thereby facilitating the migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC. In addition, administration of GANT-61, a Gli1 inhibitor, obviously suppressed the metastasis of NSCLC. Collectively, our study reveals that Gli1 is a critical regulator for NSCLC metastasis and suggests that targeting Gli1 is a prospective therapy strategy for metastatic NSCLC.
基金The project was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0800800).
文摘Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in animal manure from concentrated animal feeding operations by thermophilic composting has drawn increasing attention.This study investigated the effects of sawdust biochar,corn stover biochar and peanut hull biochar with three spiked levels on ARGs in swine manure during thermophilic composting.Thirteen ARGs corresponding to four classes of antibiotics(tetracyclines,sulfonamides,macrolides and quinolones)were determined in the composting piles.Results indicated that the ten tested composting groups became fully mature after 30-day thermophilic composting process.tetM,tetO and ermB were reduced in all tested groups;tetC and tetG,tetX,sul1,sul2,ermF,qnrD and aac(6’)-Ib were mostly reduced under low level biochar addition but increased under higher level biochar addition;gyrA increased under medium biochar addition and reduced in other groups;oqxB remained comparatively stable throughout the composting process.The addition levels of spiked biochar are more important than types of spiked biochar on the removal of ARGs in the composting pile.The average removal rates of ARGs in the control group,low,medium and high level biochar addition groups were 0.24 logs,0.52-0.72 logs,-0.52-0.18 logs and-0.19-0.21 logs,respectively.In summary,low level biochar addition could enhance the elimination of studied ARGs in swine manure during the composting process,while medium level biochar addition to the composting piles would increase the risk of ARGs’propagation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81330007 and U1601227 to XiYong Yu,81700382 to Lingmin Zhang)the Science andTechnology Programs of Guangdong Province(grant numbers20158020225006 to Xi-Yong Yu,China).
文摘Overexpression of exogenous lineage-determining factors succeeds in directly reprogramming fibroblasts to various cell types.Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells(iCPCs).CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene activation is a potential approach for cellular reprogramming due to its high precision and multiplexing capacity.Here we show lineage reprogramming to iCPCs through a dead Cas9(dCas9)-based transcription activation system.Targeted and robust activation of endogenous cardiac factors,including GATA4,HAND2,MEF2 C and TBX5(G,H,M and T;GHMT),can reprogram human fibroblasts toward iCPCs.The iCPCs show potentials to differentiate into cardiomyocytes,smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro.Addition of MEIS1 to GHMT induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M and facilitates cardiac reprogramming.Lineage reprogramming of human fibroblasts into iCPCs provides a promising cellular resource for disease modeling,drug discovery and individualized cardiac cell therapy.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0800800).
文摘In recent years,the utilization of manure resources for livestock and poultry farming has attracted a widespread attention,and manure resources utilization models suitable for different regional characteristics have formed gradually.Among them,the production of organic fertilizer from animal manure is a vital utilization method.However,there are still some problems such as high production costs,difficult sales,and the unwillingness of farmers to use organic fertilizers which have affected the breeding cycle and the sustainability of manure treatment in livestock and poultry breeding.This article selected 371 organic fertilizer plants,related farms and farmers in China,focusing on the main links of the entire process of livestock manure-organic fertilizer-farm application,and studied the mode of animal manure collection by organic fertilizer plants.The costs of organic fertilizer production and farmland application were discussed.Moreover,suggestions were made for the promotion and implementation of large-scale organic fertilizers to make good utilization of manure resources in livestock and poultry farming.
基金This work was supported by the Profession Scientific Research Special Item of Agricultural Public Welfare of China(Grant No.201503135-2).
文摘Fertilization mode affects soil quality and ecological health.The effects of four fertilization regimens on lignocellulose content,readily degradable carbohydrate decomposition,and potential microbial functions in the topsoil of a wheat-maize rotation system between 2012 and 2017 were investigated.The fertilization regimens of control(control NFNB),high chemical fertilizer(HCF),high biochar plus low chemical fertilizer(HBLCF),and biochar-based fertilizer(BBF)were compared on soil fundamental properties,microbial structure,and potential function in soil carbohydrate degradation based on metagenome analysis.The diversity of carbohydrate-active enzyme genes in the topsoil microbial consortia in the four trials was primarily distributed within the ten ecologically most dominant phyla.Application of BBF was associated with the lowest decline in total nitrogen and P2O5(2012-2017:6.5%and 28.1%,respectively)and the most effective carbohydrate decomposition(2015-2017:67.0%for cellulose and 59.9%for readily degradable carbohydrate).Carbohydrate transport and metabolism accounted for 6.0%of reads assigned functional classification under the BBF regimen.These findings reveal the ecologically functional diversity of topsoil microorganisms and suggest BBF application as a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture and beneficial to soil health.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M641295)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51561145013).
文摘A large amount of real complex wastewaters are generated every year,which leads to a great environmental burden.Various treatment technologies were deployed to remove the contaminants in the wastewaters.However,these actual wastewaters have not been sufficiently treated due to their complex properties,high-concentration organics,incomplete utilization of hard-biodegradable substrates,the high energy input required,etc.Recently,microbial electrolysis cells(MECs),a great potential technology,has emerged for various wastewater treatment,because not only do they demonstrate satisfactory performance during wastewater treatment,but they also generate renewable H2 as a clean energy carrier.Unlike previous reviews,this review introduced the characteristics of every complicated wastewater,and focused on analyzing and summarizing MEC development for wastewater treatment.The performances of MECs were systematically reviewed in terms of organics removal,H2 production,Columbic efficiency,and energy efficiency.MEC performances for treating actual complex wastewaters and producing H2 can be optimized through operation parameters,electrode materials,catalyst materials,etc.In addition,the challenges and opportunities including complexity of wastewaters,instability of H2 production,robust microorganisms,effect of membrane on two-chamber MEC,and integration of MEC with other treatment processes were deeply discussed.Except for the technical feasibility,both environmental feasibility and economic feasibility also need to meet social requirements.This review can indeed provide a basis for high-efficiency treatment and practical commercial applications of recalcitrant wastewaters via MECs in the future.
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP),China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02),which enables us to complete field surveys and data analysis.
文摘This study evaluated eight different types of heat supply modes based on crop residues utilization in the rural area of Northern China,including straw densified solid fuel combustion,pyrolysis char combustion,biogas combustion,and pyrolysis gas combustion for single household heating;straw densified solid fuel combustion,baling straw combustion,biogas combustion,and pyrolysis gas combustion for centralized heating;centralized gas supply and centralized pyrolysis gas supply modes.Comprehensively evaluation was the cost of these different eight heat supply modes.The results showed that the cost of straw densified solid fuel combustion,pyrolysis char combustion for single household heating were 2346 RMB/household and 2390 RMB/household.With the heating scale of 200-500 households,the pipe network distance was 8 m/household,and the total annual heating cost was predicted at 2201-2992 RMB/household.Among them,the cost of straw baling combustion for centralized heating was the lowest,the cost of densified solid fuel,biogas,and pyrolysis for centralized heating was the second,and the cost of biogas and pyrolysis gas for centralized gas supply was the highest.For the increase in every 1 m of the pipeline distance,the investment cost will increase by about 645 RMB for each household.This study provides a basis for the implementation of clean heat supply technologies in less-developed areas and guidance of village heat-supply subsidy policies.
基金This work was carried out in the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering under the guidance of Dr.Zonglu YaoThe first authors thank the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering for their financial support。
文摘The effects of operating conditions and pre-densification on the torrefaction performance parameters and the properties of the torrefied sorghum straw were studied.A full-factor experiment was performed on a fixed tube furnace,in which sorghum straw powder and pellets were heated to 230℃,260℃,280℃ and 300℃ at 2.5℃/min,5℃/min and 7.5℃/min,respectively.The pyrolysis characteristics of the sorghum straw torrefied under various operating conditions were complemented by thermogravimetric analysis.It was observed that the high temperature led to the high calorific value of the torrefied sorghum straw with an acceptable mass and energy yield.The sorghum straw torrefied at a temperature above 280℃ had a higher heating value(HHV)that was comparable to that of the low rank coal while maintaining its energy yield above 85%.The results suggested that temperature was an important factor determining the properties of the torrefied products,and the heating rate would affect the internal temperature of the torrefied biomass by affecting the heat transfer during the torrefaction.The energy densification index of the pellets decreased uniformly as the heating rate increased proportionally,indicating that pre-densification can be used as a potential method to solve the heat transfer delay in the fixed reactors at high heating rates,especially for high temperatures.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from Project 948(2016-X55)special fund for agro-scientific research in the public interest(201503135).
文摘This study investigated the effect of different heating rates on the pyrolysis behavior of the white pine wood residues.The raw materials were tested via two heating patterns with variable heating rates and compared with three other heating patterns with constant heating rates.The yields and characteristics of products such as char,pyrolysis oil and non-condensable gases under different heating rates were also determined.The gas,liquid,and solid phase yields of the products via heating with decreasing heating rates were similar to the yields obtained from constant heating rate at 2.3℃/min.The pyrolysis process by decreasing heating rates resulted in 30.04% char,44.53% bio-oil,and 25.43% non-condensable gases,which displayed higher char yield and pyrolysis gas than the other heating patterns.The results of thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that variable heating rate significantly changed the weight loss profiles during pyrolysis.It was observed during gas chromatography test that CO and CO_(2) were released earlier than CH_(4) and H_(2).The analysis of the chemical components confirmed that the bio-oil produced by heating process with decreasing rates contains less macromolecular organic matter content than the other patterns.
