This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of th...This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.展开更多
In the air combat process,confrontation position is the critical factor to determine the confrontation situation,attack effect and escape probability of UAVs.Therefore,selecting the optimal confrontation position beco...In the air combat process,confrontation position is the critical factor to determine the confrontation situation,attack effect and escape probability of UAVs.Therefore,selecting the optimal confrontation position becomes the primary goal of maneuver decision-making.By taking the position as the UAV’s maneuver strategy,this paper constructs the optimal confrontation position selecting games(OCPSGs)model.In the OCPSGs model,the payoff function of each UAV is defined by the difference between the comprehensive advantages of both sides,and the strategy space of each UAV at every step is defined by its accessible space determined by the maneuverability.Then we design the limit approximation of mixed strategy Nash equilibrium(LAMSNQ)algorithm,which provides a method to determine the optimal probability distribution of positions in the strategy space.In the simulation phase,we assume the motions on three directions are independent and the strategy space is a cuboid to simplify the model.Several simulations are performed to verify the feasibility,effectiveness and stability of the algorithm.展开更多
To study the formation and transformation mechanism of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures,a systematic atomic scale analysis was conducted for the structural evolution of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)stru...To study the formation and transformation mechanism of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures,a systematic atomic scale analysis was conducted for the structural evolution of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures in the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy annealed at 300℃~500℃.Various types of metastable LPSO building block clusters were found to exist in alloy structures at different temperatures,which precipitate during the solidification and homogenization process.The stability of Zn/Y clusters is explained by the first principles of density functional theory.The LPSO structure is distinguished by the arrangement of its different Zn/Y enriched LPSO structural units,which comprises local fcc stacking sequences upon a tightly packed plane.The presence of solute atoms causes local lattice distortion,thereby enabling the rearrangement of Mg atoms in the different configurations in the local lattice,and local HCP-FCC transitions occur between Mg and Zn atoms occupying the nearest neighbor positions.This finding indicates that LPSO structures can generate necessary Schockley partial dislocations on specific slip surfaces,providing direct evidence of the transition from 18R to 14H.Growth of the LPSO,devoid of any defects and non-coherent interfaces,was observed separately from other precipitated phases.As a result,the precipitation sequence of LPSO in the solidification stage was as follows:Zn/Ycluster+Mg layers→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→18R/24R LPSO;whereas the precipitation sequence of LPSO during homogenization treatment was observed to be as follows:18R LPSO→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→14H LPSO.Of these,14H LPSO was found to be the most thermodynamically stable structure.展开更多
Oil dispersible suspension concentrates are safe,green,and environmentally friendly formulations.Problems such as layering,pasting,and bottoming are frequently encountered during the production,storage,and transportat...Oil dispersible suspension concentrates are safe,green,and environmentally friendly formulations.Problems such as layering,pasting,and bottoming are frequently encountered during the production,storage,and transportation process.Polyisobutylene succinimide functions as a dispersant and exhibits great potential to improve the physical stability of the oil dispersible suspension concentrate.From a microscopic perspective,the sorption characteristics of the polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant T151 on penoxsulam particle surfaces were comprehensively evaluated with XPS,FTIR,and SEM.The T151 adsorption procedure complied with a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model,and it was a kind of physical sorption with an Ea of 22.57 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The T151 sorption model was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm.The adsorption process was spontaneous and followed by an entropy increase.TheΔH^(θ)of dispersant T151 on the surface of penoxsulam particles was 31.59 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The adsorption procedure was endothermic,and the primary force was hydrogen bonding.The XPS results showed that the F and S electronic peaks at the penoxsulam interface decreased,and that the C electronic peak increased significantly after the adsorption of dispersant T151,indicating the adsorption on the surface of penoxsulam particles.The results of this study provide a vital theoretical basis for the application of polyisobutylene succinimide dispersants in oil dispersible suspension systems.展开更多
Objective:We aim to develop a polymer library consisting of phenylalanine-based poly(ester amide)s(Phe-PEAs)for cancer therapy and investigate the structure–property relationship of these polymers to understand their...Objective:We aim to develop a polymer library consisting of phenylalanine-based poly(ester amide)s(Phe-PEAs)for cancer therapy and investigate the structure–property relationship of these polymers to understand their impact on the drug delivery efficiency of corresponding nanoparticles(NPs).Impact Statement:Our study provides insights into the structure–property relationship of polymers in NP-based drug delivery applications and offers a potential polymer library and NP platform for enhancing cancer therapy.Introduction:Polymer NP-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated substantial potential in cancer therapy by improving drug efficacy and minimizing systemic toxicity.However,successful design and optimization of these systems require a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and physicochemical properties,which directly influence the drug delivery efficiency of the corresponding NPs.Methods:A series of Phe-PEAs with tunable structures was synthesized by varying the length of the methylene group in the diol part of the polymers.Subsequently,Phe-PEAs were formulated into NPs for doxorubicin(DOX)delivery in prostate cancer therapy.Results:Small adjustments in polymer structure induced the changes in the hydrophobicity and thermal properties of the PEAs,consequently NP size,drug loading capacity,cellular uptake efficacy,and cytotoxicity.Additionally,DOXloaded Phe-PEA NPs demonstrated enhanced tumor suppression and reduced side effects in prostate tumor-bearing mice.Conclusion:Phe-PEAs,with their finely tunable structures,show great promise as effective and customizable nanocarriers for cancer therapy.展开更多
随着电力市场和碳市场的发展,将需求响应和碳交易机制引入综合能源系统运行调度中,有助于引导用户和系统运营商优化用电和调度计划。通过分时电价和需求响应激励补贴等综合型激励措施引导用户参与需求响应,并基于IGDT(information gap d...随着电力市场和碳市场的发展,将需求响应和碳交易机制引入综合能源系统运行调度中,有助于引导用户和系统运营商优化用电和调度计划。通过分时电价和需求响应激励补贴等综合型激励措施引导用户参与需求响应,并基于IGDT(information gap decision theory)理论构建了考虑阶梯式碳交易机制以及需求响应的综合能源系统双层随机优化调度模型,并通过KKT条件和大M法将双层模型转化为单层模型进行求解。结果表明,引入需求响应和阶梯式碳交易机制之后能够实现综合能源系统的低碳环保运行。展开更多
The occurrence modes of alkali and alkaline-earth metals(AAEMs) in coal relate to their release behavior and ash formation during combustion. To better understand the transformation of AAEMs,the release behavior of wa...The occurrence modes of alkali and alkaline-earth metals(AAEMs) in coal relate to their release behavior and ash formation during combustion. To better understand the transformation of AAEMs,the release behavior of water-soluble,HCl-soluble,HCl-insoluble AAEMs during Shenmu coal(SM coal) oxy-fuel combustion in the presence of SO2 and H2O in a drop-tube reactor was investigated through serial dissolution using H2O and HCl solutions. The results show that the release rates of AAEMs increase with an increase in temperature under the three atmospheres studied. The high release rates of Mg and Ca from SM coal are dependent on the high content of soluble Mg and Ca in SM coal. SO2 inhibits the release rates of AAEMs,while H2O promotes them. The effects of SO2 and H2O on the Na and K species are more evident than those on Mg and Ca species. All three types of AAEMs in coal can volatilize in the gas phase during coal combustion. The W-type AAEMs release excessively,whereas the release rates of I-type AAEMs are relatively lower. Different types of AAEM may interconvert through different pathways under certain conditions. Both SO2 and H2O promote the transformation reactions. The effect of SO2 was related to sulfate formation and the promotion by H2O occurs because of a decrease in the melting point of the solid as well as the reaction of H2O.展开更多
Compared with the classical Markov repairable system,the Markov repairable system with stochastic regimes switching introduced in the paper provides a more realistic description of the practical system.The system can ...Compared with the classical Markov repairable system,the Markov repairable system with stochastic regimes switching introduced in the paper provides a more realistic description of the practical system.The system can be used to model the dynamics of a repairable system whose performance regimes switch according to the external conditions.For example,to satisfy the demand variation that is typical for the power and communication systems and reduce the cost,these systems usually adjust their operating regimes.The transition rate matrices under distinct operating regimes are assumed to be different and the sojourn times in distinct regimes are governed by a finite state Markov chain.By using the theory of Markov process,Ion channel theory,and Laplace transforms,the up time of the system are studied.A numerical example is given to illustrate the obtained results.The effect of sojourn times in distinct regimes on the availability and the up time are also discussed in the numerical example.展开更多
Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,an...Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,and nurses owing to their advantages of convenient carrying,a long maintenance period,low complications,and a high quality of life for patients.Currently,medical personnel that handle TIAP implantation and management in China are from different areas of healthcare,including surgery,internal medicine,radiology,nurse anesthesia,vascular access,etc.,and many only handle TIAP as a part of their duties.Therefore,the operating procedures and steps for the diagnosis and treatment of complications of TIAP vary from person to person,resulting in different incidence and treatment methods for complications in the implantation and use of TIAP in different medical units.Based on this,we have updated the Shanghai expert consensus on TIAPs from 2015 and explored the diagnosis and treatment procedures of related complications while continuing to emphasize standardized implantation and maintenance.展开更多
Although cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 is important for neurological function, its neuroprotective properties remain unclear. We speculated that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epitheli...Although cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 is important for neurological function, its neuroprotective properties remain unclear. We speculated that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative injury. In this study, retinal pigment epithelial cells were treated with peroxynitrite to induce oxidative stress. Peroxynitrite triggered apoptosis in these cells, and increased the expression of Fas-associated death domain, Bax, caspase-8 and Bcl-2. These changes were suppressed by treatment with cholecystokinin octapeptide-8. These results suggest that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against apoptosis induced by peroxynitrite.展开更多
In a multi-energy collaboration system, cooling, heating, electricity, and other energy components are coupled to complement each other. Through multi-energy coordination and cooperation, they can significantly improv...In a multi-energy collaboration system, cooling, heating, electricity, and other energy components are coupled to complement each other. Through multi-energy coordination and cooperation, they can significantly improve their individual operating efficiency and overall economic benefits. Demand response, as a multi-energy supply and demand balance method, can further improve system flexibility and economy. Therefore, a multi-energy cooperative system optimization model has been proposed, which is driven by price-based demand response to determine the impact of power-demand response on the optimal operating mode of a multi-energy cooperative system. The main components of the multi-energy collaborative system have been analyzed. The multi-energy coupling characteristics have been identified based on the energy hub model. Using market elasticity as a basis, a price-based demand response model has been built. The model has been optimized to minimize daily operating cost of the multi-energy collaborative system. Using data from an actual situation, the model has been verified, and we have shown that the adoption of price-based demand response measures can significantly improve the economy of multi-energy collaborative systems.展开更多
Phosphorus(P) species in surface sediments from a shallow,hypertrophic lake,Lake Dianchi,China,were investigated by P fractionation and ^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy during a regional algal bloom...Phosphorus(P) species in surface sediments from a shallow,hypertrophic lake,Lake Dianchi,China,were investigated by P fractionation and ^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy during a regional algal bloom.In addition,their potential contributions to the overlying water were also evaluated.Labile fractions of P extracted by NH_4C1,bicarbonate dithionite and NaOH ranged from 340.6 to 1,725.8 mg kg^(-1),accounting for20.5%-67.2%of the total P.A two-step extraction method refinement of P recovery was performed before the^(31)P NMR analysis.Recovery rates of sedimentary TP and organic P,by combining EDTA pretreatment and NaOH or mixed reagents,ranged from 31.8%to 69.3%and from19.8%to 51.7%.^(31)P NMR results showed that ortho-P and monoester-P were the most abundant P components in the sediment extractable P of sediments,followed by diester-P and pyro-P.Spatial distribution of the sum of ortho-P,diester-P and pyro-P detected by P NMR corresponded well with the labile P concentration determined by fractionation.Both exhibited a significant positive correlation with the total P in the water column,suggesting that internal loading may be an important source of P for the lake ecosystem.Biogenic P other than ortho-P may contribute to phytoplankton growth,with the relative proportion being 4.4%-18.7%.The release of labile P fractions fueled algal bloom,and the decay of organic matter,following the bloom events,consumed oxygen and elevated the pH value.This co-dependence might lead to a vicious cycle.Transformation mechanisms of various P species remain ambiguous and are worthy of further investigation.展开更多
In order to better understand the compositional and structural complexity of dissolved organic matter(DOM) macromolecules and provide mechanistic information on the binding of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs) to...In order to better understand the compositional and structural complexity of dissolved organic matter(DOM) macromolecules and provide mechanistic information on the binding of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs) to DOM, we fractionated large amounts of lake water into three hydrophobic DOM-fractions. The variation of the partitioning coef?cients(K_(DOC)) of pyrene at different p H levels was examined by ?orescence quenching titration. Results show that, relative to the more polar acidic DOM-fractions, the hydrophobic neutral fraction exhibits a higher sorption ability to pyrene. Generally, the sorption of pyrene to the three hydrophobic fractions is strongly pH-dependent. The K_(DOC) values of pyrene generally increase with decreasing p H levels, which is especially obvious in the sorption of pyrene to the fulvic acid fractions, suggesting that the binding is controlled by hydrophobic interactions. The mechanisms underlying the binding of pyrene to the hydrophobic fractions were also discussed. Our data are bene?cial to further understanding the binding of HOCs to DOM and how it has been affected,which may result in more accurate predictions of K_(DOC).展开更多
A two-stage directed Semi-Markov repairable network system is presented in this paper to model the performance of many transmission systems, such as power or oil transmission network, water or gas supply network, etc....A two-stage directed Semi-Markov repairable network system is presented in this paper to model the performance of many transmission systems, such as power or oil transmission network, water or gas supply network, etc. The availability of the system is discussed by using Markov renewal theory, Laplace transform and probability analysis methods. A numerical example is given to illustrate the results obtained in the paper.展开更多
On the basis of introducing the nutrient composition and biogas fertilizer,the effects of biogas fertilizer on soil,crops and environment are summarized. Biogas fertilizer can improve soil structure,increase soil orga...On the basis of introducing the nutrient composition and biogas fertilizer,the effects of biogas fertilizer on soil,crops and environment are summarized. Biogas fertilizer can improve soil structure,increase soil organic matter,available nutrient contents and enzyme activity,increase crop yield,quality and resistance,and relieve the non-point source pollution effectively. The harmlessness,application technology and risk are analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward to control the source pollution,strengthen the research of fermentation technology,define the standard of biogas fertilizer,and carry out large and medium-sized biogas engineering.展开更多
Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes one hotspot in the field of the medical images analysis and provides rather promising solution.Although some research has been explored in smart diagnosis for the common diseases of ...Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes one hotspot in the field of the medical images analysis and provides rather promising solution.Although some research has been explored in smart diagnosis for the common diseases of urinary system,some problems remain unsolved completely A nine-layer Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is proposed in this paper to classify the renal Computed Tomography(CT)images.Four group of comparative experiments prove the structure of this CNN is optimal and can achieve good performance with average accuracy about 92.07±1.67%.Although our renal CT data is not very large,we do augment the training data by affine,translating,rotating and scaling geometric transformation and gamma,noise transformation in color space.Experimental results validate the Data Augmentation(DA)on training data can improve the performance of our proposed CNN compared to without DA with the average accuracy about 0.85%.This proposed algorithm gives a promising solution to help clinical doctors automatically recognize the abnormal images faster than manual judgment and more accurately than previous methods.展开更多
As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,China's agricultural and rural development has also made remarkable achievements.However,the shortcomings of modernization are still in the field of agric...As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,China's agricultural and rural development has also made remarkable achievements.However,the shortcomings of modernization are still in the field of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes a strategy of rural revitalization.It is pointed out that the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development should be promoted.In the development of modern agriculture,small farmers face the problems of scattered production factors,aging labor force and low labor quality,low industrialization,and low market position.This paper compares the characteristics of farmer cooperatives with other new business entities.Combined with the relevant contents of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Farmers'Professional Cooperatives newly revised in 2017,this paper analyzes the organizational,service,and intermediary functions of farmers'cooperatives to promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture development and reveals the role of farmers'cooperatives in China's agricultural development.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate the global character of all positive solutions of a population model of systems. Some interesting convergence properties of the solution are given, and lastly, we obtain that the solution...In this paper, we investigate the global character of all positive solutions of a population model of systems. Some interesting convergence properties of the solution are given, and lastly, we obtain that the solution is permanent under some conditions.展开更多
文摘This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1000402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72071159)to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘In the air combat process,confrontation position is the critical factor to determine the confrontation situation,attack effect and escape probability of UAVs.Therefore,selecting the optimal confrontation position becomes the primary goal of maneuver decision-making.By taking the position as the UAV’s maneuver strategy,this paper constructs the optimal confrontation position selecting games(OCPSGs)model.In the OCPSGs model,the payoff function of each UAV is defined by the difference between the comprehensive advantages of both sides,and the strategy space of each UAV at every step is defined by its accessible space determined by the maneuverability.Then we design the limit approximation of mixed strategy Nash equilibrium(LAMSNQ)algorithm,which provides a method to determine the optimal probability distribution of positions in the strategy space.In the simulation phase,we assume the motions on three directions are independent and the strategy space is a cuboid to simplify the model.Several simulations are performed to verify the feasibility,effectiveness and stability of the algorithm.
基金financially funded by Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(grant number 2022JM-239)Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Provincial(grant number 2021LLRH-05–08)。
文摘To study the formation and transformation mechanism of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures,a systematic atomic scale analysis was conducted for the structural evolution of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures in the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy annealed at 300℃~500℃.Various types of metastable LPSO building block clusters were found to exist in alloy structures at different temperatures,which precipitate during the solidification and homogenization process.The stability of Zn/Y clusters is explained by the first principles of density functional theory.The LPSO structure is distinguished by the arrangement of its different Zn/Y enriched LPSO structural units,which comprises local fcc stacking sequences upon a tightly packed plane.The presence of solute atoms causes local lattice distortion,thereby enabling the rearrangement of Mg atoms in the different configurations in the local lattice,and local HCP-FCC transitions occur between Mg and Zn atoms occupying the nearest neighbor positions.This finding indicates that LPSO structures can generate necessary Schockley partial dislocations on specific slip surfaces,providing direct evidence of the transition from 18R to 14H.Growth of the LPSO,devoid of any defects and non-coherent interfaces,was observed separately from other precipitated phases.As a result,the precipitation sequence of LPSO in the solidification stage was as follows:Zn/Ycluster+Mg layers→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→18R/24R LPSO;whereas the precipitation sequence of LPSO during homogenization treatment was observed to be as follows:18R LPSO→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→14H LPSO.Of these,14H LPSO was found to be the most thermodynamically stable structure.
基金This work was funded by the Foundation(No.LJ2020030)from the Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province,China.
文摘Oil dispersible suspension concentrates are safe,green,and environmentally friendly formulations.Problems such as layering,pasting,and bottoming are frequently encountered during the production,storage,and transportation process.Polyisobutylene succinimide functions as a dispersant and exhibits great potential to improve the physical stability of the oil dispersible suspension concentrate.From a microscopic perspective,the sorption characteristics of the polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant T151 on penoxsulam particle surfaces were comprehensively evaluated with XPS,FTIR,and SEM.The T151 adsorption procedure complied with a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model,and it was a kind of physical sorption with an Ea of 22.57 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The T151 sorption model was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm.The adsorption process was spontaneous and followed by an entropy increase.TheΔH^(θ)of dispersant T151 on the surface of penoxsulam particles was 31.59 kJ⋅mol^(−1).The adsorption procedure was endothermic,and the primary force was hydrogen bonding.The XPS results showed that the F and S electronic peaks at the penoxsulam interface decreased,and that the C electronic peak increased significantly after the adsorption of dispersant T151,indicating the adsorption on the surface of penoxsulam particles.The results of this study provide a vital theoretical basis for the application of polyisobutylene succinimide dispersants in oil dispersible suspension systems.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173150,51973243,and 82272689)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0902800)+5 种基金the Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province(A2020543)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCYX20200714114645131)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20210324115212033 and JCYJ20190809164617205)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202011011)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723670)the Research Start-up Fund of the Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University(ZSQYJZPI202003 and ZSQYBRJH0011).
文摘Objective:We aim to develop a polymer library consisting of phenylalanine-based poly(ester amide)s(Phe-PEAs)for cancer therapy and investigate the structure–property relationship of these polymers to understand their impact on the drug delivery efficiency of corresponding nanoparticles(NPs).Impact Statement:Our study provides insights into the structure–property relationship of polymers in NP-based drug delivery applications and offers a potential polymer library and NP platform for enhancing cancer therapy.Introduction:Polymer NP-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated substantial potential in cancer therapy by improving drug efficacy and minimizing systemic toxicity.However,successful design and optimization of these systems require a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and physicochemical properties,which directly influence the drug delivery efficiency of the corresponding NPs.Methods:A series of Phe-PEAs with tunable structures was synthesized by varying the length of the methylene group in the diol part of the polymers.Subsequently,Phe-PEAs were formulated into NPs for doxorubicin(DOX)delivery in prostate cancer therapy.Results:Small adjustments in polymer structure induced the changes in the hydrophobicity and thermal properties of the PEAs,consequently NP size,drug loading capacity,cellular uptake efficacy,and cytotoxicity.Additionally,DOXloaded Phe-PEA NPs demonstrated enhanced tumor suppression and reduced side effects in prostate tumor-bearing mice.Conclusion:Phe-PEAs,with their finely tunable structures,show great promise as effective and customizable nanocarriers for cancer therapy.
文摘随着电力市场和碳市场的发展,将需求响应和碳交易机制引入综合能源系统运行调度中,有助于引导用户和系统运营商优化用电和调度计划。通过分时电价和需求响应激励补贴等综合型激励措施引导用户参与需求响应,并基于IGDT(information gap decision theory)理论构建了考虑阶梯式碳交易机制以及需求响应的综合能源系统双层随机优化调度模型,并通过KKT条件和大M法将双层模型转化为单层模型进行求解。结果表明,引入需求响应和阶梯式碳交易机制之后能够实现综合能源系统的低碳环保运行。
基金support for this research from the Natural Science Foundation of China (U1261110)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (20130110422)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion (FSKLCC-0914)
文摘The occurrence modes of alkali and alkaline-earth metals(AAEMs) in coal relate to their release behavior and ash formation during combustion. To better understand the transformation of AAEMs,the release behavior of water-soluble,HCl-soluble,HCl-insoluble AAEMs during Shenmu coal(SM coal) oxy-fuel combustion in the presence of SO2 and H2O in a drop-tube reactor was investigated through serial dissolution using H2O and HCl solutions. The results show that the release rates of AAEMs increase with an increase in temperature under the three atmospheres studied. The high release rates of Mg and Ca from SM coal are dependent on the high content of soluble Mg and Ca in SM coal. SO2 inhibits the release rates of AAEMs,while H2O promotes them. The effects of SO2 and H2O on the Na and K species are more evident than those on Mg and Ca species. All three types of AAEMs in coal can volatilize in the gas phase during coal combustion. The W-type AAEMs release excessively,whereas the release rates of I-type AAEMs are relatively lower. Different types of AAEM may interconvert through different pathways under certain conditions. Both SO2 and H2O promote the transformation reactions. The effect of SO2 was related to sulfate formation and the promotion by H2O occurs because of a decrease in the melting point of the solid as well as the reaction of H2O.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71071020 60705036)Beijing Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Instructor Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(yb20091000701)
文摘Compared with the classical Markov repairable system,the Markov repairable system with stochastic regimes switching introduced in the paper provides a more realistic description of the practical system.The system can be used to model the dynamics of a repairable system whose performance regimes switch according to the external conditions.For example,to satisfy the demand variation that is typical for the power and communication systems and reduce the cost,these systems usually adjust their operating regimes.The transition rate matrices under distinct operating regimes are assumed to be different and the sojourn times in distinct regimes are governed by a finite state Markov chain.By using the theory of Markov process,Ion channel theory,and Laplace transforms,the up time of the system are studied.A numerical example is given to illustrate the obtained results.The effect of sojourn times in distinct regimes on the availability and the up time are also discussed in the numerical example.
文摘Totally implantable access ports(TIAPs)are used for patients with poor peripheral vascular support requiring central venous access.In recent years,TIAPs have been gradually accepted and promoted by patients,doctors,and nurses owing to their advantages of convenient carrying,a long maintenance period,low complications,and a high quality of life for patients.Currently,medical personnel that handle TIAP implantation and management in China are from different areas of healthcare,including surgery,internal medicine,radiology,nurse anesthesia,vascular access,etc.,and many only handle TIAP as a part of their duties.Therefore,the operating procedures and steps for the diagnosis and treatment of complications of TIAP vary from person to person,resulting in different incidence and treatment methods for complications in the implantation and use of TIAP in different medical units.Based on this,we have updated the Shanghai expert consensus on TIAPs from 2015 and explored the diagnosis and treatment procedures of related complications while continuing to emphasize standardized implantation and maintenance.
文摘Although cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 is important for neurological function, its neuroprotective properties remain unclear. We speculated that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative injury. In this study, retinal pigment epithelial cells were treated with peroxynitrite to induce oxidative stress. Peroxynitrite triggered apoptosis in these cells, and increased the expression of Fas-associated death domain, Bax, caspase-8 and Bcl-2. These changes were suppressed by treatment with cholecystokinin octapeptide-8. These results suggest that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 can protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against apoptosis induced by peroxynitrite.
基金supported by State Grid Corporation Technology Project (5400-201956447A-0-0-00)。
文摘In a multi-energy collaboration system, cooling, heating, electricity, and other energy components are coupled to complement each other. Through multi-energy coordination and cooperation, they can significantly improve their individual operating efficiency and overall economic benefits. Demand response, as a multi-energy supply and demand balance method, can further improve system flexibility and economy. Therefore, a multi-energy cooperative system optimization model has been proposed, which is driven by price-based demand response to determine the impact of power-demand response on the optimal operating mode of a multi-energy cooperative system. The main components of the multi-energy collaborative system have been analyzed. The multi-energy coupling characteristics have been identified based on the energy hub model. Using market elasticity as a basis, a price-based demand response model has been built. The model has been optimized to minimize daily operating cost of the multi-energy collaborative system. Using data from an actual situation, the model has been verified, and we have shown that the adoption of price-based demand response measures can significantly improve the economy of multi-energy collaborative systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41273151,41273148, 40903052)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle,Ministry of Education(13zxgkO3)
文摘Phosphorus(P) species in surface sediments from a shallow,hypertrophic lake,Lake Dianchi,China,were investigated by P fractionation and ^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy during a regional algal bloom.In addition,their potential contributions to the overlying water were also evaluated.Labile fractions of P extracted by NH_4C1,bicarbonate dithionite and NaOH ranged from 340.6 to 1,725.8 mg kg^(-1),accounting for20.5%-67.2%of the total P.A two-step extraction method refinement of P recovery was performed before the^(31)P NMR analysis.Recovery rates of sedimentary TP and organic P,by combining EDTA pretreatment and NaOH or mixed reagents,ranged from 31.8%to 69.3%and from19.8%to 51.7%.^(31)P NMR results showed that ortho-P and monoester-P were the most abundant P components in the sediment extractable P of sediments,followed by diester-P and pyro-P.Spatial distribution of the sum of ortho-P,diester-P and pyro-P detected by P NMR corresponded well with the labile P concentration determined by fractionation.Both exhibited a significant positive correlation with the total P in the water column,suggesting that internal loading may be an important source of P for the lake ecosystem.Biogenic P other than ortho-P may contribute to phytoplankton growth,with the relative proportion being 4.4%-18.7%.The release of labile P fractions fueled algal bloom,and the decay of organic matter,following the bloom events,consumed oxygen and elevated the pH value.This co-dependence might lead to a vicious cycle.Transformation mechanisms of various P species remain ambiguous and are worthy of further investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41173128)
文摘In order to better understand the compositional and structural complexity of dissolved organic matter(DOM) macromolecules and provide mechanistic information on the binding of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs) to DOM, we fractionated large amounts of lake water into three hydrophobic DOM-fractions. The variation of the partitioning coef?cients(K_(DOC)) of pyrene at different p H levels was examined by ?orescence quenching titration. Results show that, relative to the more polar acidic DOM-fractions, the hydrophobic neutral fraction exhibits a higher sorption ability to pyrene. Generally, the sorption of pyrene to the three hydrophobic fractions is strongly pH-dependent. The K_(DOC) values of pyrene generally increase with decreasing p H levels, which is especially obvious in the sorption of pyrene to the fulvic acid fractions, suggesting that the binding is controlled by hydrophobic interactions. The mechanisms underlying the binding of pyrene to the hydrophobic fractions were also discussed. Our data are bene?cial to further understanding the binding of HOCs to DOM and how it has been affected,which may result in more accurate predictions of K_(DOC).
文摘A two-stage directed Semi-Markov repairable network system is presented in this paper to model the performance of many transmission systems, such as power or oil transmission network, water or gas supply network, etc. The availability of the system is discussed by using Markov renewal theory, Laplace transform and probability analysis methods. A numerical example is given to illustrate the results obtained in the paper.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200401)Hebei Science and Technology Project(16227005D)
文摘On the basis of introducing the nutrient composition and biogas fertilizer,the effects of biogas fertilizer on soil,crops and environment are summarized. Biogas fertilizer can improve soil structure,increase soil organic matter,available nutrient contents and enzyme activity,increase crop yield,quality and resistance,and relieve the non-point source pollution effectively. The harmlessness,application technology and risk are analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward to control the source pollution,strengthen the research of fermentation technology,define the standard of biogas fertilizer,and carry out large and medium-sized biogas engineering.
基金This study was supported by National Educational Science Plan Foundation“in 13th Five-Year”(DIA170375),ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software(kx201901)British Heart Foundation Accelerator Award,UK.
文摘Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes one hotspot in the field of the medical images analysis and provides rather promising solution.Although some research has been explored in smart diagnosis for the common diseases of urinary system,some problems remain unsolved completely A nine-layer Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is proposed in this paper to classify the renal Computed Tomography(CT)images.Four group of comparative experiments prove the structure of this CNN is optimal and can achieve good performance with average accuracy about 92.07±1.67%.Although our renal CT data is not very large,we do augment the training data by affine,translating,rotating and scaling geometric transformation and gamma,noise transformation in color space.Experimental results validate the Data Augmentation(DA)on training data can improve the performance of our proposed CNN compared to without DA with the average accuracy about 0.85%.This proposed algorithm gives a promising solution to help clinical doctors automatically recognize the abnormal images faster than manual judgment and more accurately than previous methods.
基金Planning Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education in 2020(20YJA790044)Sichuan Science and Technology Plan Project(2019JDR0136)+2 种基金General Project of Sichuan Mineral Resources Research Center(SCKCZY2017-YB02)Project of Rural Industry Promotion Research Center of Chengdu University of Technology(YJ2017-JD005)Research on the Institution and Mechanism of the Deep Integrational Development of Urban-rural Areas under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy(20YJA790044).
文摘As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,China's agricultural and rural development has also made remarkable achievements.However,the shortcomings of modernization are still in the field of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes a strategy of rural revitalization.It is pointed out that the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development should be promoted.In the development of modern agriculture,small farmers face the problems of scattered production factors,aging labor force and low labor quality,low industrialization,and low market position.This paper compares the characteristics of farmer cooperatives with other new business entities.Combined with the relevant contents of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Farmers'Professional Cooperatives newly revised in 2017,this paper analyzes the organizational,service,and intermediary functions of farmers'cooperatives to promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture development and reveals the role of farmers'cooperatives in China's agricultural development.
文摘In this paper, we investigate the global character of all positive solutions of a population model of systems. Some interesting convergence properties of the solution are given, and lastly, we obtain that the solution is permanent under some conditions.
