Prolife ration of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous ...Prolife ration of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous neural stem cell regeneration,but its underlying mechanisms remain unclea r In this study,we found that repetitive TMS effectively promotes the proliferation of oxygen-glucose deprived neural stem cells.Additionally,repetitive TMS reduced the volume of cerebral infa rction in a rat model of ischemic stro ke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion,im p roved rat cognitive function,and promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in the ischemic penumbra.RNA-sequencing found that repetitive TMS activated the Wnt signaling pathway in the ischemic penumbra of rats with cerebral ischemia.Furthermore,PCR analysis revealed that repetitive TMS promoted AKT phosphorylation,leading to an increase in mRNA levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as Cdk2 and Cdk4.This effect was also associated with activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway,which ultimately promotes the prolife ration of neural stem cells.Subsequently,we validated the effect of repetitive TMS on AKT phosphorylation.We found that repetitive TMS promoted Ca2+influx into neural stem cells by activating the P2 calcium channel/calmodulin pathway,thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation and activating the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin pathway.These findings indicate that repetitive TMS can promote the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells through a Ca2+influx-dependent phosphorylated AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.This study has produced pioneering res ults on the intrinsic mechanism of repetitive TMS to promote neural function recove ry after ischemic stro ke.These results provide a stro ng scientific foundation for the clinical application of repetitive TMS.Moreover,repetitive TMS treatment may not only be an efficient and potential approach to support neurogenesis for further therapeutic applications,but also provide an effective platform for the expansion of neural stem cells.展开更多
The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of t...The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of targets,restricting their application in genetic research.In this study,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system consisting of two template vectors,eight donor vectors,four destination vectors,and one primer-design software package.By combining the advantages of Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments and Gateway recombination to assemble large fragments and by changing the structure of the amplicons used to assemble sg RNA expression cassettes,the plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system can assemble a single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci.A rice knockout vector containing 49 sg RNA expression cassettes was assembled and a high co-editing efficiency was observed.This plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system advances synthetic biology and plant genetic engineering.展开更多
Breast cancer,particularly Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(IDC),is a primary global health concern predominantly affecting women.Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.Several AI-based tech-...Breast cancer,particularly Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(IDC),is a primary global health concern predominantly affecting women.Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.Several AI-based tech-niques for IDC-level classification have been proposed in recent years.Processing speed,memory size,and accuracy can still be improved for better performance.Our study presents ECAM,an Enhanced Channel-Wise Attention Mechanism,using deep learning to analyze histopathological images of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(BIDC).The main objectives of our study are to enhance computational efficiency using a Separable CNN architecture,improve data representation through hierarchical feature aggregation,and increase accuracy and interpretability with channel-wise attention mechanisms.Utilizing publicly available datasets,DataBioX IDC and the BreakHis,we benchmarked the proposed ECAM model against existing state-of-the-art models:DenseNet121,VGG16,and AlexNet.In the IDC dataset,the model based on AlexNet achieved an accuracy rate of 86.81%and an F1 score of 86.94%.On the other hand,DenseNet121 outperformed with an accuracy of 95.60%and an F1 score of 95.75%.Meanwhile,the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy rate of 91.20%and an F1 score of 90%.Our proposed ECAM model outperformed the state-of-the-art,achieving an impressive F1 score of 96.65%and an accuracy rate of 96.70%.The BreakHis dataset,the AlexNet-based model,achieved an accuracy rate of 90.82%and an F1 score of 90.77%.DenseNet121 achieved a higher accuracy rate of 92.66%with an F1 score of 92.72%,while the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy of 92.60%and an F1 score of 91.31%.The proposed ECAM model again outperformed,achieving an F1 score of 96.37%and an accuracy rate of 96.33%.Our model is a significant advancement in breast cancer diagnosis,with high accuracy and potential as an automated grading,especially for IDC.展开更多
Fleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer preference.Thus,modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop improvement.However,th...Fleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer preference.Thus,modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop improvement.However,the underlying mechanisms of fruit shape regulation are poorly understood.In this review we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of fleshy fruit shape regulation using tomato,cucumber,and peach as examples.Comparative analyses suggest that the OFP-TRM(OVATE Family Protein-TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif)and IQD(IQ67 domain)pathways are probably conserved in regulating fruit shape by primarily modulating cell division patterns across fleshy fruit species.Interestingly,cucumber homologs of FRUITFULL(FUL1),CRABS CLAW(CRC)and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2(ACS2)were found to regulate fruit elongation.We also outline the recent progress in fruit shape regulation mediated by OFP-TRM and IQD pathways in Arabidopsis and rice,and propose that the OFP-TRM pathway and IQD pathway coordinate regulate fruit shape through integration of phytohormones,including brassinosteroids,gibberellic acids,and auxin,and microtubule organization.In addition,functional redundancy and divergence of the members of each of the OFP,TRM,and IQD families are also shown.This review provides a general overview of current knowledge in fruit shape regulation and discusses the possible mechanisms that need to be addressed in future studies.展开更多
Graphene-based gas/vapor sensors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances, room-temperature working conditions, and tremendous application prospects...Graphene-based gas/vapor sensors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances, room-temperature working conditions, and tremendous application prospects, etc.Herein, we summarize recent advantages in graphene preparation, sensor construction, and sensing properties of various graphene-based gas/vapor sensors, such as NH_3, NO_2, H_2, CO, SO_2, H_2S, as well as vapor of volatile organic compounds.The detection mechanisms pertaining to various gases are also discussed. In conclusion part, some existing problems which may hinder the sensor applications are presented. Several possible methods to solve these problems are proposed, for example, conceived solutions, hybrid nanostructures, multiple sensor arrays, and new recognition algorithm.展开更多
Graphene, as an intermediate phase between fullerene and carbon nanotube, has aroused much interests among the scientific community due to its outstanding electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties.With excellent ...Graphene, as an intermediate phase between fullerene and carbon nanotube, has aroused much interests among the scientific community due to its outstanding electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties.With excellent electrical conductivity of 6000 S/cm, which is independent on chirality, graphene is a promising material for high-performance nanoelectronics, transparent conductor, as well as polymer composites. On account of its Young's Modulus of 1 TPa and ultimate strength of 130 GPa, isolated graphene sheet is considered to be among the strongest materials ever measured. Comparable with the single-walled carbon nanotube bundle,graphene has a thermal conductivity of 5000 W/(m·K), which suggests a potential application of graphene in polymer matrix for improving thermal properties of the graphene/polymer composite. Furthermore, graphene exhibits a very high surface area, up to a value of 2630 m^2/g. All of these outstanding properties suggest a wide application for this nanometer-thick, two-dimensional carbon material. This review article presents an overview of the significant advancement in graphene research: preparation, functionalization as well as the properties of graphene will be discussed. In addition, the feasibility and potential applications of graphene in areas, such as sensors, nanoelectronics and nanocomposites materials, will also be reviewed.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble die...The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6×6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease(P=0.10) as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased(P<0.01) when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased(P<0.01). The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased(P<0.01) as the total dietary fiber increased.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target ana...Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target analytes, low toxicity, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, researchers from diverse disciplines have come together to further develop the fundamental properties of CDs. Many methods for the production of CDs have been reported, therein, hydrothermal and solvothermal technology needs simple equipments, and microwave synthesis needs less reaction time, hence these methods become current common synthesis methods, in which many precursors have been applied to produce CDs. Due to their excellent fluorescence, CDs have made impressive strides in sensitivity and selectivity to a diverse array of salt ions,organic/biological molecules and target gases. The development of CDs as nanoprobes is still in its infancy, but continued progress may lead to their integration into environmental and biological applications. Hydrothermal,solvothermal, and microwave synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots and their detection applications as nanoprobes in salt ions, organic/biological molecules, and target gases will be reviewed.展开更多
An efficient visible light driven photocatalyst, gold nanoparticles(NPs) modified Bi VO_4(Au/Bi VO_4), has been synthesized by deposition-precipitation with urea method. Au/Bi VO_4 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic act...An efficient visible light driven photocatalyst, gold nanoparticles(NPs) modified Bi VO_4(Au/Bi VO_4), has been synthesized by deposition-precipitation with urea method. Au/Bi VO_4 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation underλ>400 nm irradiation but negligible activity underλ>535 nm,indicating that the surface plasmon resonance(SPR) effect is too weak for organic photodegradation. According to the photoelectrochemical results of the porous powder electrodes of Bi VO_4 and Au/Bi VO_4, the SPR effect of Au NPs has been assessed. The role of Au NPs as electron sinks or sources, which is controllable by incident photon energy and applied potentials, has been discussed.展开更多
Halide vapor phase epitaxy(HVPE) is widely used in the semiconductor industry for the growth of Si, GaAs, GaN, etc.HVPE is a non-organic chemical vapor deposition(CVD) technique, characterized by high quality growth o...Halide vapor phase epitaxy(HVPE) is widely used in the semiconductor industry for the growth of Si, GaAs, GaN, etc.HVPE is a non-organic chemical vapor deposition(CVD) technique, characterized by high quality growth of epitaxial layers with fast growth rate, which is versatile for the fabrication of both substrates and devices with wide applications. In this paper, we review the usage of HVPE for the growth and device applications of Ga_2O_3, with detailed discussions on a variety of technological aspects of HVPE. It is concluded that HVPE is a promising candidate for the epitaxy of large-area Ga_2O_3 substrates and for the fabrication of high power β-Ga_2O_3 devices.展开更多
Background: The ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) to determine the digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME) content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested. One hundred and seventeen corn...Background: The ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) to determine the digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME) content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested. One hundred and seventeen corn samples, comprising different planting regions and varieties were collected from all over China in a three-year period. The samples were randomly split into a calibration set(n = 88) and a validation set(n = 29). The actual and calculated DE and ME content of the corn samples was determined by digestion-metabolism experiments and the prediction equations of Noblet and Perez(J Anim Sci. 71:3389–98,1993). The samples were then subjected to NIRS scanning and calibrations were performed by the modified partial least square(MPLS) regression method based on77 different spectral pre-treatments. The NIRS equations based on the actually determined and calculated DE and ME were built separately and then validated using validation samples.Results: The NIRS equations obtained from actually determined DE, the coefficient of determination for calibration(RSQ_(cal)), cross-validation(R^2_(CV)), and validation(RSQ_v) were 0.89, 0.87 and 0.86, and these values for determined ME were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.86. For the NIRS equations built from calculated DE, the RSQ_(cal), R^2_(CV), and RSQvvalues were 0.88, 0.85 and 0.84, and these values for calculated ME were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.82. Except for the equation based on calculated ME(RPD_v= 2.38, < 2.50), the other three equations built from actually determined energy and calculated DE produced good prediction performance(RPD_vranging from 2.53 to 2.69, > 2.50) when applied to validation samples.Conclusion: These results indicate that NIRS can be used as a quantitative method for the rapid determination of the available energy in corn fed to growing pigs, and the NIRS equations based on the actually determined energy produced better predictive performance than those built from calculated energy values.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Certain components of tetramethylpyrazine, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibit protective effects against brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different Naoxintong doses on expression...BACKGROUND: Certain components of tetramethylpyrazine, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibit protective effects against brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different Naoxintong doses on expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (κB), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 in rats following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2004 to June 2006. MATERIALS: A total of 150 adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 280-320 g, were selected. Naoxintong powder (mainly comprising szechwan lovage rhizome, milkvetch root, danshen root, and radix angelicae sinensis) was obtained from Buchang Pharmacy Co., Ltd. in Xianyang City of Shanxi Province of China, lot number 040608. METHODS: The rats were randomly assigned into sham operation, saline, high-dose Naoxintong, moderate-dose Naoxintong, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, with 30 rats in each group. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established using the suture method, with the exception of the sham operation group. Rats in the high-dose, moderate-dose and low-dose Naoxintong groups received 4, 2, and 1 g/kg Naoxintong respectively, by gavage. Rats in the saline group were treated with 1 mL saline by gavage. All rats were administered by gavage at 5 and 23 hours following surgery, and subsequently, once per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days following model establishment, brain water content was measured. Histopathological changes in brain tissues were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: A total of 150 rats were included in the final analysis with no loss. Brain water content was significantly increased in the ischemic hemisphere of rats from the saline, as well as the high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups at 24 hours, which reached a peak at 48 hours. At 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days, brain water content was greater in the ischemic hemisphere of rats from the saline, as well as the high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, compared with the sham operation group (P < 0.05). At 24 and 48 hours, brain water content was reduced in the high-dose and moderate-dose Naoxintong groups, compared to the saline and low-dose Naoxintong groups (P < 0.05). In the saline, as well as high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, neuronal edema was observed at 6 hours surrounding the ischemic sites. Inflammatory cells appeared at 24 hours, reached a peak at 48 hours, and gradually diminished. A small amount of glial cell proliferation and neuronal degeneration were observed in the hippocampus at 72 hours following infarction. Microglial proliferation and aggregation were detected at 7 days after infarction. Expression of nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 was significantly less in the high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, compared to the sham operation group (P < 0.05). Expression of the above-mentioned inflammatory cytokines was lower in rat brain tissues of the high-dose Naoxintong group, compared to the low-dose Naoxintong group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: High-dose Naoxintong and moderate-dose Naoxintong significantly alleviated rat brain edema and decreased expression of nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 in brain tissues. The protective effect of high-dose Naoxintong was most significant.展开更多
Panicle traits directly associated with yield are a target of selection in rice breeding.Although abundant QTL for panicle traits have been identified,there is little information about the genetic basis of panicle tra...Panicle traits directly associated with yield are a target of selection in rice breeding.Although abundant QTL for panicle traits have been identified,there is little information about the genetic basis of panicle traits in japonica super rice(JSR)cultivars.In this study,we identified QTL for panicle traits in three environments using a population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs)derived from the JSR cultivar Liaoxing 1.A total of 197 RILs were genotyped with 285 polymorphic SNP markers.Phenotypic data and best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)value of primary branch number(BNP),secondary branch number(BNS),grain number on primary branch(GNP),grain number on secondary branch(GNS),grain number per panicle(GN),panicle length(PL)and grain density(GD)were used for QTL mapping.A total of 105 QTL for seven panicle traits were detected in single environments using their BLUP values.Individual QTL explained 0.51%–52.22%of the phenotypic variation.Of the 105,49 were also detected by joint multi-environment analyses.Five stable QTL:qGD9,qPL9,qGNP9,qGN6,and qBNS6.2 were identified in multiple environments.qGD9,qGNP9,and qPL9,co-localizing on chromosome 9,likely correspond to the known gene DEP1.Importantly,qGN6 and qBNS6.2 in a co-localization region were identified as novel QTL,and their Liaoxing 1 alleles had a positive effect.Several RILs with the QTL allele combinations qGD9/qPL9/qGNP9 and qGN6/qBNS6.2 showed greater GN.Further investigation of the putative gene underlying qGN6/qBNS6.2 would shed light on the molecular mechanism of JSR.展开更多
Catalyst recovery is one of the most important aspects that restrict the application of Ti O_2 photocatalyst. In order to reduce restrictions and improve the photocatalytic efficiency, a hierarchical porous Ti O_2 mon...Catalyst recovery is one of the most important aspects that restrict the application of Ti O_2 photocatalyst. In order to reduce restrictions and improve the photocatalytic efficiency, a hierarchical porous Ti O_2 monolith(PTM) with well-defined macroporous and homogeneous mesoporous structure was prepared by using a sol-gel phase separation method. P123 was used as the mesoporous template and graphene oxide was applied to increase the activity and integrity of the monolithic Ti O_2. According to scanning electron microscopy and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda measurements, PTM_3 is mainly composed of 10 nm anatase crystallines with3.6 nm mesopores and 2-8 μm macropores. Further characterization suggests carbon and nitrogen have been maintained in the PTM during calcinations so as to induce the visible light activity. The PTM with 0.07 wt%graphene oxide dosage shows high efficiency for methyl orange(MO) decolorization under both full spectrum and visible light irradiation(λ >400 nm). Besides, the monolith remains intact and has good photocatalytic stability after four cyclic experiments.展开更多
Background:This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of DL-selenomethionine(DL-SeMet) supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant status,plasma selenium(Se) concentration,and immune function of weaning pi...Background:This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of DL-selenomethionine(DL-SeMet) supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant status,plasma selenium(Se) concentration,and immune function of weaning pigs.216 weaning pigs were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 6 replicates each according to a complete randomized block design.Each replicate had six pigs.Diet of group one was corn-soybean basal diet without any additional Se supplement.Group 2 was supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite.Groups 3-6 were supplemented with 0.1,0.3,0.5,and 0.7 mg/kg of Se from DL-SeMet,respectively.The trial lasted for 42 days.Results:Pigs supplemented with 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg DL-SeMet obtained better feed gain ratio(P< 0.05).The best antioxidant ability(serum,liver,and muscle) was shown in 0.1-0.3 mg/kg DL-SeMet groups(P< 0.05).The plasma Se concentration increased as the dietary DL-SeMet level elevated.The immunity among groups was not affected.Conclusions:DL-SeMet supplementation in the diet significantly improved the growth performance,antioxidant ability and plasma Se content of weaning pigs.DL-SeMet can replace sodium selenite in the diet of weaning pigs.展开更多
Gibberellins(GAs)play a crucial role in growth and development of the tomato fruit.Previously published studies focusing on the effect of GAs on tomato fruits used chemical treatments,constitutive overexpression or si...Gibberellins(GAs)play a crucial role in growth and development of the tomato fruit.Previously published studies focusing on the effect of GAs on tomato fruits used chemical treatments,constitutive overexpression or silencing of GA biosynthetic and catabolic genes globally throughout the plant.Fruit-specific overexpression of GA catabolic enzyme genes GA2-oxidases(GA2oxs),however,may provide an alternative method to study the role of endogenous GAs on the fruit development.In this study,we have identified 11 SlGA2ox proteins in tomato that are classified into three subgroups.Motif analysis and multiple sequence alignments have demonstrated that all SlGA2oxs,except SlGA2ox10,have similar motif compositions and high-sequence conservation.Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis has showed that SlGA2oxs exhibit differential expression patterns in tomato fruits at different developmental stages.When the fruit-specific promoter TFM7 was used to control the expression of SlGA2ox1,we observed no changes in growth and development of vegetative organs.However,fruit weight,seed number and germination rate were significantly affected.We also treated tomato fruits with GA biosynthesis inhibitor and observed phenotypes similar to those of the transgenic fruits.Furthermore,we have demonstrated that expression of cell expansion and GA responsive genes were downregulated in transgenic tomato fruits,supporting that overexpression of the SlGA2ox1 leads to reduction in endogenous GAs.This study provides additional evidence that endogenous GAs and the SlGA2ox1 gene play an important role in controlling on fruit weight,seed development and germination in tomato plant.展开更多
Inorganic solar cells, as durable photovoltaic devices for harvesting electric energy from sun light,have received tremendous attention due to the fear of exhausting the earth's energy resources and damaging the l...Inorganic solar cells, as durable photovoltaic devices for harvesting electric energy from sun light,have received tremendous attention due to the fear of exhausting the earth's energy resources and damaging the living environment due to greenhouse gases. Some recent developments in nanotechnology have opened up new avenues for more relevant inorganic solar cells produced by new photovoltaic conversion concepts and effective solar energy harvesting nanostructures. In this review, the multiple exciton generation effect solar cells, hot carrier solar cells, one dimensional material constructed asymmetrical schottky barrier arrays, noble nanoparticle induced plasmonic enhancement, and light trapping nanostructured semiconductor solar cells are highlighted.展开更多
Background:Ethoxyquin(EQ)is a common antioxidant which is widely used in animal feed.But the supplement of EQ in animal feed may lead to the residues of EQ and its major oxidation products:ethoxyquin quinone imine(EQI...Background:Ethoxyquin(EQ)is a common antioxidant which is widely used in animal feed.But the supplement of EQ in animal feed may lead to the residues of EQ and its major oxidation products:ethoxyquin quinone imine(EQI)and ethoxyquin dimer(EQDM)in animal tissue.Thus,it would pose potential health hazards to consumers.However,the method for the simultaneous determination of EQ,EQI and EQDM in animal tissues is currently not available,and the accumulation extend of these chemicals in animal tissues after EQ administration remains to be evaluated.Results:A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of EQ,EQI and EQDM in swine tissues.The quantitative limits of EQ,EQI and EQDM can achieve to 0.5,5.0 and 5.0μg/kg in swine tissues,respectively.The spiked-recovery ratios of the three analytes(5–2000μg/kg)were in the range of 64.7%–100.7%with relative standard deviations below 11.6%.Moreover,the utilization of this method for the analysis of actual swine tissue samples revealed that the application of commercial EQ additive in swine diet would produce the residues of all the three chemicals(EQ,EQI and EQDM)in fat,kidney,liver and muscle.Conclusions:The assay accuracy and precision of this GC-MS/MS method can meet the requirement of quantitative analysis.Meanwhile,the safety of EQ as a feed additive should be seriously considered with regard to food safety concerns since the oxidation product of EQ may have potential carcinogenicity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81672261(to XH),81972151(to HZ),82372568(to JL)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Nos.2019A1515011106(to HZ),2023A1515030080(to JL)。
文摘Prolife ration of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous neural stem cell regeneration,but its underlying mechanisms remain unclea r In this study,we found that repetitive TMS effectively promotes the proliferation of oxygen-glucose deprived neural stem cells.Additionally,repetitive TMS reduced the volume of cerebral infa rction in a rat model of ischemic stro ke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion,im p roved rat cognitive function,and promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in the ischemic penumbra.RNA-sequencing found that repetitive TMS activated the Wnt signaling pathway in the ischemic penumbra of rats with cerebral ischemia.Furthermore,PCR analysis revealed that repetitive TMS promoted AKT phosphorylation,leading to an increase in mRNA levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as Cdk2 and Cdk4.This effect was also associated with activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway,which ultimately promotes the prolife ration of neural stem cells.Subsequently,we validated the effect of repetitive TMS on AKT phosphorylation.We found that repetitive TMS promoted Ca2+influx into neural stem cells by activating the P2 calcium channel/calmodulin pathway,thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation and activating the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin pathway.These findings indicate that repetitive TMS can promote the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells through a Ca2+influx-dependent phosphorylated AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.This study has produced pioneering res ults on the intrinsic mechanism of repetitive TMS to promote neural function recove ry after ischemic stro ke.These results provide a stro ng scientific foundation for the clinical application of repetitive TMS.Moreover,repetitive TMS treatment may not only be an efficient and potential approach to support neurogenesis for further therapeutic applications,but also provide an effective platform for the expansion of neural stem cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001532 and 31860411)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,(2022YFF1000020)+1 种基金Hunan Seed Industry Innovation Project(2021NK1012)the Yunnan Tobacco Company Project(2020530000241009)。
文摘The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of targets,restricting their application in genetic research.In this study,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system consisting of two template vectors,eight donor vectors,four destination vectors,and one primer-design software package.By combining the advantages of Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments and Gateway recombination to assemble large fragments and by changing the structure of the amplicons used to assemble sg RNA expression cassettes,the plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system can assemble a single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci.A rice knockout vector containing 49 sg RNA expression cassettes was assembled and a high co-editing efficiency was observed.This plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system advances synthetic biology and plant genetic engineering.
文摘Breast cancer,particularly Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(IDC),is a primary global health concern predominantly affecting women.Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.Several AI-based tech-niques for IDC-level classification have been proposed in recent years.Processing speed,memory size,and accuracy can still be improved for better performance.Our study presents ECAM,an Enhanced Channel-Wise Attention Mechanism,using deep learning to analyze histopathological images of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(BIDC).The main objectives of our study are to enhance computational efficiency using a Separable CNN architecture,improve data representation through hierarchical feature aggregation,and increase accuracy and interpretability with channel-wise attention mechanisms.Utilizing publicly available datasets,DataBioX IDC and the BreakHis,we benchmarked the proposed ECAM model against existing state-of-the-art models:DenseNet121,VGG16,and AlexNet.In the IDC dataset,the model based on AlexNet achieved an accuracy rate of 86.81%and an F1 score of 86.94%.On the other hand,DenseNet121 outperformed with an accuracy of 95.60%and an F1 score of 95.75%.Meanwhile,the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy rate of 91.20%and an F1 score of 90%.Our proposed ECAM model outperformed the state-of-the-art,achieving an impressive F1 score of 96.65%and an accuracy rate of 96.70%.The BreakHis dataset,the AlexNet-based model,achieved an accuracy rate of 90.82%and an F1 score of 90.77%.DenseNet121 achieved a higher accuracy rate of 92.66%with an F1 score of 92.72%,while the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy of 92.60%and an F1 score of 91.31%.The proposed ECAM model again outperformed,achieving an F1 score of 96.37%and an accuracy rate of 96.33%.Our model is a significant advancement in breast cancer diagnosis,with high accuracy and potential as an automated grading,especially for IDC.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2021204015)the 2021 Project for the Introduction of Oversea Students in Hebei Province(C20210510)+4 种基金science and technology research projects of colleges and universities in Hebei Province(ZD2022111)the Introduction of Talents Start-up fund of the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(NCCIR2020RC-13)the Introduction of Talents Start-up fund of Hebei Agricultural University(YJ2020067)the Hebei Fruit Vegetables Seed Industry Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(21326309D)the Vegetable Innovation Team Project of Hebei Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(HBCT2018030203).
文摘Fleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer preference.Thus,modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop improvement.However,the underlying mechanisms of fruit shape regulation are poorly understood.In this review we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of fleshy fruit shape regulation using tomato,cucumber,and peach as examples.Comparative analyses suggest that the OFP-TRM(OVATE Family Protein-TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif)and IQD(IQ67 domain)pathways are probably conserved in regulating fruit shape by primarily modulating cell division patterns across fleshy fruit species.Interestingly,cucumber homologs of FRUITFULL(FUL1),CRABS CLAW(CRC)and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2(ACS2)were found to regulate fruit elongation.We also outline the recent progress in fruit shape regulation mediated by OFP-TRM and IQD pathways in Arabidopsis and rice,and propose that the OFP-TRM pathway and IQD pathway coordinate regulate fruit shape through integration of phytohormones,including brassinosteroids,gibberellic acids,and auxin,and microtubule organization.In addition,functional redundancy and divergence of the members of each of the OFP,TRM,and IQD families are also shown.This review provides a general overview of current knowledge in fruit shape regulation and discusses the possible mechanisms that need to be addressed in future studies.
基金financial supports provided by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB932500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21171117 and 61574091)+3 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-12-0356)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(15XD1525200)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Agri-X Funding(Agri-X2015007)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning
文摘Graphene-based gas/vapor sensors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances, room-temperature working conditions, and tremendous application prospects, etc.Herein, we summarize recent advantages in graphene preparation, sensor construction, and sensing properties of various graphene-based gas/vapor sensors, such as NH_3, NO_2, H_2, CO, SO_2, H_2S, as well as vapor of volatile organic compounds.The detection mechanisms pertaining to various gases are also discussed. In conclusion part, some existing problems which may hinder the sensor applications are presented. Several possible methods to solve these problems are proposed, for example, conceived solutions, hybrid nanostructures, multiple sensor arrays, and new recognition algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50902092 and 51102164)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 1052nm06800 and 1052nm02000)+1 种基金Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 11PJD011)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning
文摘Graphene, as an intermediate phase between fullerene and carbon nanotube, has aroused much interests among the scientific community due to its outstanding electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties.With excellent electrical conductivity of 6000 S/cm, which is independent on chirality, graphene is a promising material for high-performance nanoelectronics, transparent conductor, as well as polymer composites. On account of its Young's Modulus of 1 TPa and ultimate strength of 130 GPa, isolated graphene sheet is considered to be among the strongest materials ever measured. Comparable with the single-walled carbon nanotube bundle,graphene has a thermal conductivity of 5000 W/(m·K), which suggests a potential application of graphene in polymer matrix for improving thermal properties of the graphene/polymer composite. Furthermore, graphene exhibits a very high surface area, up to a value of 2630 m^2/g. All of these outstanding properties suggest a wide application for this nanometer-thick, two-dimensional carbon material. This review article presents an overview of the significant advancement in graphene research: preparation, functionalization as well as the properties of graphene will be discussed. In addition, the feasibility and potential applications of graphene in areas, such as sensors, nanoelectronics and nanocomposites materials, will also be reviewed.
基金financially supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Yr Plan of China(2006BAD12B01)Special Public Sector Fund in Agriculture(200903006)
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6×6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease(P=0.10) as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased(P<0.01) when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased(P<0.01). The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased(P<0.01) as the total dietary fiber increased.
基金supported by the National HighTech R&D Program of China (863 program, 2011AA050504)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21171117 and 61376003)+4 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0356)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (13ZR1456600)Shanghai Science and Technology Grant (12JC1405700)Shanghai Pujiang Program (11PJD011)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, and Medical-Engineering Crossover Fund (YG2012MS40 and YG2012MS32) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target analytes, low toxicity, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, researchers from diverse disciplines have come together to further develop the fundamental properties of CDs. Many methods for the production of CDs have been reported, therein, hydrothermal and solvothermal technology needs simple equipments, and microwave synthesis needs less reaction time, hence these methods become current common synthesis methods, in which many precursors have been applied to produce CDs. Due to their excellent fluorescence, CDs have made impressive strides in sensitivity and selectivity to a diverse array of salt ions,organic/biological molecules and target gases. The development of CDs as nanoprobes is still in its infancy, but continued progress may lead to their integration into environmental and biological applications. Hydrothermal,solvothermal, and microwave synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots and their detection applications as nanoprobes in salt ions, organic/biological molecules, and target gases will be reviewed.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20907031)the SSRF pro ject(No.10sr0175)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.09ZR1414800)
文摘An efficient visible light driven photocatalyst, gold nanoparticles(NPs) modified Bi VO_4(Au/Bi VO_4), has been synthesized by deposition-precipitation with urea method. Au/Bi VO_4 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation underλ>400 nm irradiation but negligible activity underλ>535 nm,indicating that the surface plasmon resonance(SPR) effect is too weak for organic photodegradation. According to the photoelectrochemical results of the porous powder electrodes of Bi VO_4 and Au/Bi VO_4, the SPR effect of Au NPs has been assessed. The role of Au NPs as electron sinks or sources, which is controllable by incident photon energy and applied potentials, has been discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0404201)the Solid State Lighting and Energy-Saving Electronics Collaborative Innovation Center,PAPD,and the State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company
文摘Halide vapor phase epitaxy(HVPE) is widely used in the semiconductor industry for the growth of Si, GaAs, GaN, etc.HVPE is a non-organic chemical vapor deposition(CVD) technique, characterized by high quality growth of epitaxial layers with fast growth rate, which is versatile for the fabrication of both substrates and devices with wide applications. In this paper, we review the usage of HVPE for the growth and device applications of Ga_2O_3, with detailed discussions on a variety of technological aspects of HVPE. It is concluded that HVPE is a promising candidate for the epitaxy of large-area Ga_2O_3 substrates and for the fabrication of high power β-Ga_2O_3 devices.
基金financially supported by China Special Public Sector Fund in Agriculture(200903006)The collection of data and analysis were funded by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2011BAD26B0404)The interpretation of data and writing of the manuscript were supported by 111 Project(B16044)
文摘Background: The ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) to determine the digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME) content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested. One hundred and seventeen corn samples, comprising different planting regions and varieties were collected from all over China in a three-year period. The samples were randomly split into a calibration set(n = 88) and a validation set(n = 29). The actual and calculated DE and ME content of the corn samples was determined by digestion-metabolism experiments and the prediction equations of Noblet and Perez(J Anim Sci. 71:3389–98,1993). The samples were then subjected to NIRS scanning and calibrations were performed by the modified partial least square(MPLS) regression method based on77 different spectral pre-treatments. The NIRS equations based on the actually determined and calculated DE and ME were built separately and then validated using validation samples.Results: The NIRS equations obtained from actually determined DE, the coefficient of determination for calibration(RSQ_(cal)), cross-validation(R^2_(CV)), and validation(RSQ_v) were 0.89, 0.87 and 0.86, and these values for determined ME were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.86. For the NIRS equations built from calculated DE, the RSQ_(cal), R^2_(CV), and RSQvvalues were 0.88, 0.85 and 0.84, and these values for calculated ME were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.82. Except for the equation based on calculated ME(RPD_v= 2.38, < 2.50), the other three equations built from actually determined energy and calculated DE produced good prediction performance(RPD_vranging from 2.53 to 2.69, > 2.50) when applied to validation samples.Conclusion: These results indicate that NIRS can be used as a quantitative method for the rapid determination of the available energy in corn fed to growing pigs, and the NIRS equations based on the actually determined energy produced better predictive performance than those built from calculated energy values.
基金Supported by: the Scientific Technology Research and Development Plan of Hebei Province, No. 06276103Dthe Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, No. C2006000915
文摘BACKGROUND: Certain components of tetramethylpyrazine, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibit protective effects against brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different Naoxintong doses on expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (κB), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 in rats following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2004 to June 2006. MATERIALS: A total of 150 adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 280-320 g, were selected. Naoxintong powder (mainly comprising szechwan lovage rhizome, milkvetch root, danshen root, and radix angelicae sinensis) was obtained from Buchang Pharmacy Co., Ltd. in Xianyang City of Shanxi Province of China, lot number 040608. METHODS: The rats were randomly assigned into sham operation, saline, high-dose Naoxintong, moderate-dose Naoxintong, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, with 30 rats in each group. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established using the suture method, with the exception of the sham operation group. Rats in the high-dose, moderate-dose and low-dose Naoxintong groups received 4, 2, and 1 g/kg Naoxintong respectively, by gavage. Rats in the saline group were treated with 1 mL saline by gavage. All rats were administered by gavage at 5 and 23 hours following surgery, and subsequently, once per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days following model establishment, brain water content was measured. Histopathological changes in brain tissues were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: A total of 150 rats were included in the final analysis with no loss. Brain water content was significantly increased in the ischemic hemisphere of rats from the saline, as well as the high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups at 24 hours, which reached a peak at 48 hours. At 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days, brain water content was greater in the ischemic hemisphere of rats from the saline, as well as the high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, compared with the sham operation group (P < 0.05). At 24 and 48 hours, brain water content was reduced in the high-dose and moderate-dose Naoxintong groups, compared to the saline and low-dose Naoxintong groups (P < 0.05). In the saline, as well as high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, neuronal edema was observed at 6 hours surrounding the ischemic sites. Inflammatory cells appeared at 24 hours, reached a peak at 48 hours, and gradually diminished. A small amount of glial cell proliferation and neuronal degeneration were observed in the hippocampus at 72 hours following infarction. Microglial proliferation and aggregation were detected at 7 days after infarction. Expression of nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 was significantly less in the high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, compared to the sham operation group (P < 0.05). Expression of the above-mentioned inflammatory cytokines was lower in rat brain tissues of the high-dose Naoxintong group, compared to the low-dose Naoxintong group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: High-dose Naoxintong and moderate-dose Naoxintong significantly alleviated rat brain edema and decreased expression of nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 in brain tissues. The protective effect of high-dose Naoxintong was most significant.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901526)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2019M651139)and Liaoning Key Agricultural Program(2019JH1/10200001-2).
文摘Panicle traits directly associated with yield are a target of selection in rice breeding.Although abundant QTL for panicle traits have been identified,there is little information about the genetic basis of panicle traits in japonica super rice(JSR)cultivars.In this study,we identified QTL for panicle traits in three environments using a population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs)derived from the JSR cultivar Liaoxing 1.A total of 197 RILs were genotyped with 285 polymorphic SNP markers.Phenotypic data and best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)value of primary branch number(BNP),secondary branch number(BNS),grain number on primary branch(GNP),grain number on secondary branch(GNS),grain number per panicle(GN),panicle length(PL)and grain density(GD)were used for QTL mapping.A total of 105 QTL for seven panicle traits were detected in single environments using their BLUP values.Individual QTL explained 0.51%–52.22%of the phenotypic variation.Of the 105,49 were also detected by joint multi-environment analyses.Five stable QTL:qGD9,qPL9,qGNP9,qGN6,and qBNS6.2 were identified in multiple environments.qGD9,qGNP9,and qPL9,co-localizing on chromosome 9,likely correspond to the known gene DEP1.Importantly,qGN6 and qBNS6.2 in a co-localization region were identified as novel QTL,and their Liaoxing 1 alleles had a positive effect.Several RILs with the QTL allele combinations qGD9/qPL9/qGNP9 and qGN6/qBNS6.2 showed greater GN.Further investigation of the putative gene underlying qGN6/qBNS6.2 would shed light on the molecular mechanism of JSR.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20907031)
文摘Catalyst recovery is one of the most important aspects that restrict the application of Ti O_2 photocatalyst. In order to reduce restrictions and improve the photocatalytic efficiency, a hierarchical porous Ti O_2 monolith(PTM) with well-defined macroporous and homogeneous mesoporous structure was prepared by using a sol-gel phase separation method. P123 was used as the mesoporous template and graphene oxide was applied to increase the activity and integrity of the monolithic Ti O_2. According to scanning electron microscopy and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda measurements, PTM_3 is mainly composed of 10 nm anatase crystallines with3.6 nm mesopores and 2-8 μm macropores. Further characterization suggests carbon and nitrogen have been maintained in the PTM during calcinations so as to induce the visible light activity. The PTM with 0.07 wt%graphene oxide dosage shows high efficiency for methyl orange(MO) decolorization under both full spectrum and visible light irradiation(λ >400 nm). Besides, the monolith remains intact and has good photocatalytic stability after four cyclic experiments.
基金supported by NOVUS Intl.(MO.USA)The authors are grateful to the company for supplying fund and DL-SeMet samples
文摘Background:This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of DL-selenomethionine(DL-SeMet) supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant status,plasma selenium(Se) concentration,and immune function of weaning pigs.216 weaning pigs were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 6 replicates each according to a complete randomized block design.Each replicate had six pigs.Diet of group one was corn-soybean basal diet without any additional Se supplement.Group 2 was supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite.Groups 3-6 were supplemented with 0.1,0.3,0.5,and 0.7 mg/kg of Se from DL-SeMet,respectively.The trial lasted for 42 days.Results:Pigs supplemented with 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg DL-SeMet obtained better feed gain ratio(P< 0.05).The best antioxidant ability(serum,liver,and muscle) was shown in 0.1-0.3 mg/kg DL-SeMet groups(P< 0.05).The plasma Se concentration increased as the dietary DL-SeMet level elevated.The immunity among groups was not affected.Conclusions:DL-SeMet supplementation in the diet significantly improved the growth performance,antioxidant ability and plasma Se content of weaning pigs.DL-SeMet can replace sodium selenite in the diet of weaning pigs.
基金The research was supported by the following:General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M581812)Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016T90471)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Gibberellins(GAs)play a crucial role in growth and development of the tomato fruit.Previously published studies focusing on the effect of GAs on tomato fruits used chemical treatments,constitutive overexpression or silencing of GA biosynthetic and catabolic genes globally throughout the plant.Fruit-specific overexpression of GA catabolic enzyme genes GA2-oxidases(GA2oxs),however,may provide an alternative method to study the role of endogenous GAs on the fruit development.In this study,we have identified 11 SlGA2ox proteins in tomato that are classified into three subgroups.Motif analysis and multiple sequence alignments have demonstrated that all SlGA2oxs,except SlGA2ox10,have similar motif compositions and high-sequence conservation.Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis has showed that SlGA2oxs exhibit differential expression patterns in tomato fruits at different developmental stages.When the fruit-specific promoter TFM7 was used to control the expression of SlGA2ox1,we observed no changes in growth and development of vegetative organs.However,fruit weight,seed number and germination rate were significantly affected.We also treated tomato fruits with GA biosynthesis inhibitor and observed phenotypes similar to those of the transgenic fruits.Furthermore,we have demonstrated that expression of cell expansion and GA responsive genes were downregulated in transgenic tomato fruits,supporting that overexpression of the SlGA2ox1 leads to reduction in endogenous GAs.This study provides additional evidence that endogenous GAs and the SlGA2ox1 gene play an important role in controlling on fruit weight,seed development and germination in tomato plant.
基金financial support from National High-Tech R & D Program of China (863, No. 2011AA050504)Natural Science Foundation of shanghai (No. 10ZR1416300), Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 11PJD011)+2 种基金the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learningthe Foundation for SMC Excellent Young Teacher, "PCSIRT"the Analytical and Testing Center in Shanghai Jiaotong University
文摘Inorganic solar cells, as durable photovoltaic devices for harvesting electric energy from sun light,have received tremendous attention due to the fear of exhausting the earth's energy resources and damaging the living environment due to greenhouse gases. Some recent developments in nanotechnology have opened up new avenues for more relevant inorganic solar cells produced by new photovoltaic conversion concepts and effective solar energy harvesting nanostructures. In this review, the multiple exciton generation effect solar cells, hot carrier solar cells, one dimensional material constructed asymmetrical schottky barrier arrays, noble nanoparticle induced plasmonic enhancement, and light trapping nanostructured semiconductor solar cells are highlighted.
基金supported the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China.
文摘Background:Ethoxyquin(EQ)is a common antioxidant which is widely used in animal feed.But the supplement of EQ in animal feed may lead to the residues of EQ and its major oxidation products:ethoxyquin quinone imine(EQI)and ethoxyquin dimer(EQDM)in animal tissue.Thus,it would pose potential health hazards to consumers.However,the method for the simultaneous determination of EQ,EQI and EQDM in animal tissues is currently not available,and the accumulation extend of these chemicals in animal tissues after EQ administration remains to be evaluated.Results:A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of EQ,EQI and EQDM in swine tissues.The quantitative limits of EQ,EQI and EQDM can achieve to 0.5,5.0 and 5.0μg/kg in swine tissues,respectively.The spiked-recovery ratios of the three analytes(5–2000μg/kg)were in the range of 64.7%–100.7%with relative standard deviations below 11.6%.Moreover,the utilization of this method for the analysis of actual swine tissue samples revealed that the application of commercial EQ additive in swine diet would produce the residues of all the three chemicals(EQ,EQI and EQDM)in fat,kidney,liver and muscle.Conclusions:The assay accuracy and precision of this GC-MS/MS method can meet the requirement of quantitative analysis.Meanwhile,the safety of EQ as a feed additive should be seriously considered with regard to food safety concerns since the oxidation product of EQ may have potential carcinogenicity.
