Cancer immunotherapy has greatly advanced in recent years,and PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy has become a major pillar of immunotherapy.Successful clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies in cancer treatments hav...Cancer immunotherapy has greatly advanced in recent years,and PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy has become a major pillar of immunotherapy.Successful clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies in cancer treatments have benefited many patients,which promoted the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approval of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking drugs.In this review,we provide a detailed introduction of five PD-1/PD-L1 blocking drugs,with indications and studies,as a valuable reference for doctors and medical investigators.Moreover,the characteristics of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies,including their universality and sustainability,are discussed in this review.Furthermore,we also discuss and predict the possibility of PD-L1 as an indication marker of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy for pan-cancer treatment,and the current status of combination therapies.展开更多
Acetaldehyde is one of the important VOC species of O_(3)precursors in the atmospheric environment.The influences of relative humidity(RH)and initial VOC/NOx ratio(R_(CN))on the formation of O_(3)are studied in smog c...Acetaldehyde is one of the important VOC species of O_(3)precursors in the atmospheric environment.The influences of relative humidity(RH)and initial VOC/NOx ratio(R_(CN))on the formation of O_(3)are studied in smog chamber experiments,and the MCM v3.3.1 mechanism of acetaldehyde is modified based on the experimental results.In low-RH conditions(RH=11.6%±1.1%),the O_(3)concentration at 6 h increases first and then decreases with the increase of R_(CN),and the R_(CN)at the inflection point of O_(3)concentrations is 3.2.In high-RH experiments(RH=78.8%±1.0%),variation of the O_(3)concentration at 6 h with R_(CN)is similar to that in low-RH experiments,but the R_(CN)at the inflection point is 2.8.RH has no significant effect on the O_(3)concentrations under low R_(CN)(<3),whereas it has a negative effect under high R_(CN)(>3).Compared with the experimental results,original MCM v3.3.1 greatly underestimates the O_(3)concentrations.Addition of both the photolysis process of peroxyacetyl nitrate and the photolysis process of HNO_(3)on the reactor surface into the original MCM can reduce the difference between the simulated O_(3)concentrations and the experimental results at 6 h from 24%−35%and 17%−49%to 6%−26%and 10%−42%under low-and high-RH conditions,respectively.The maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)of acetaldehyde simulated with the modified MCM is 4.0 ppb ppb−1 without considering the effect of other VOCs.展开更多
文摘Cancer immunotherapy has greatly advanced in recent years,and PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy has become a major pillar of immunotherapy.Successful clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies in cancer treatments have benefited many patients,which promoted the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approval of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking drugs.In this review,we provide a detailed introduction of five PD-1/PD-L1 blocking drugs,with indications and studies,as a valuable reference for doctors and medical investigators.Moreover,the characteristics of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies,including their universality and sustainability,are discussed in this review.Furthermore,we also discuss and predict the possibility of PD-L1 as an indication marker of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy for pan-cancer treatment,and the current status of combination therapies.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0210005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41875163,41875166 and 41375129).
文摘Acetaldehyde is one of the important VOC species of O_(3)precursors in the atmospheric environment.The influences of relative humidity(RH)and initial VOC/NOx ratio(R_(CN))on the formation of O_(3)are studied in smog chamber experiments,and the MCM v3.3.1 mechanism of acetaldehyde is modified based on the experimental results.In low-RH conditions(RH=11.6%±1.1%),the O_(3)concentration at 6 h increases first and then decreases with the increase of R_(CN),and the R_(CN)at the inflection point of O_(3)concentrations is 3.2.In high-RH experiments(RH=78.8%±1.0%),variation of the O_(3)concentration at 6 h with R_(CN)is similar to that in low-RH experiments,but the R_(CN)at the inflection point is 2.8.RH has no significant effect on the O_(3)concentrations under low R_(CN)(<3),whereas it has a negative effect under high R_(CN)(>3).Compared with the experimental results,original MCM v3.3.1 greatly underestimates the O_(3)concentrations.Addition of both the photolysis process of peroxyacetyl nitrate and the photolysis process of HNO_(3)on the reactor surface into the original MCM can reduce the difference between the simulated O_(3)concentrations and the experimental results at 6 h from 24%−35%and 17%−49%to 6%−26%and 10%−42%under low-and high-RH conditions,respectively.The maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)of acetaldehyde simulated with the modified MCM is 4.0 ppb ppb−1 without considering the effect of other VOCs.
