Elucidating the inherent origins of the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)kinetics in alkaline media and developing high-performance electrocatalysts are fundamental for the advances of conventional alkaline wa...Elucidating the inherent origins of the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)kinetics in alkaline media and developing high-performance electrocatalysts are fundamental for the advances of conventional alkaline water electrolyzers and emerging anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzers.Here we present a facile electrochemical modification strategy for the synthesis of bi-component Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)catalyst toward efficient HER catalysis in alkaline media.Porous Co–Mo alloys with adjustable Mo/Co atomic ratio are first prepared by H2-assisted cathodic electrodeposition.By virtue of the appropriate electronic structure and hydrogen binding energy,Co–Mo_((18%))is the most HER active among the alloys and is further activated by a constant-current electrochemical modification process.Physical characterizations reveal the formation of amorphous Co(OH)_(2)nanoparticles on the surface.Electrokinetic analysis combined with theoretical calculations reveal that the in-situ formed Co(OH)_(2)can efficiently promote the water dissociation,resulting in accelerated Volmer-step kinetics.As a result,the Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)simultaneously achieves the optimization of the two factors dominating alkaline HER activity,i.e.,water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption/desorption via the bifunctional synergy of the bi-components.The high HER activity(η10 of 47 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))of Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)is close to benchmark Pt/C catalyst and comparable or superior to the most active non-noble metal catalysts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traditional treatments for pancreatic cancer(PC)are inadequate.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is non-invasive,and proven safe to kill cancer cells,including PC.However,the mitochondrial concentration of the photo...BACKGROUND Traditional treatments for pancreatic cancer(PC)are inadequate.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is non-invasive,and proven safe to kill cancer cells,including PC.However,the mitochondrial concentration of the photosensitizer,such as verteporfin,is key.AIM To investigate the distribution of fluorescence of verteporfin in PC cells treated with antitumor drugs,post-PDT.METHODS Workable survival rates of PC cells(AsPC-1,BxPC-3)were determined with chemotherapy[doxorubicin(DOX)and gemcitabine(GEM)]and non-chemotherapy[sirolimus(SRL)and cetuximab(CTX)]drugs in vitro,with or without verteporfin,as measured via MTT,flow cytometry,and laser confocal microscopy.Reduced cell proliferation was associated with GEM that was more enduring compared with DOX.Confocal laser microscopy allowed observation of GEM-and verteporfin-treated PC cells co-stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and MitoTracker Green to differentiate living and dead cells and subcellular localization of verteporfin,respectively.RESULTS Cell survival significantly dropped upon exposure to either chemotherapy drug,but not to SRL or CTX.Both cell lines responded similarly to GEM.The intensity of fluorescence was associated with the concentration of verteporfin.Additional experiments using GEM showed that survival rates of the PC cells treated with 10μmol/L verteporfin(but not less)were significantly lower relative to nil verte-porfin.Living and dead stained cells treated with GEM were distinguishable.After GEM treatment,verteporfin was observed primarily in the mitochondria.CONCLUSION Verteporfin was observed in living cells.In GEM-treated human PC cells,verteporfin was particularly prevalent in the mitochondria.This study supports further study of PDT for the treatment of PC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.展开更多
This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated...This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated glucogalactan,with a hypothetical backbone structure of→4)Gα(1→6)G4 Sβ(1→4)Glc(1→and a side chain of Man(1→6)Glc.PHP2 had an irregular spherical chain conformation.The 16 S r RNA sequence analysis revealed that PHP2 modulated the rat fecal micro-flora composition,with a similar effect to inulin,changing the dominant genus(Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella)and promoting the growth of organisms that degrade sulfur-containing polysaccharides,such as Desulfovibrio,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,and Ruminococcus_2.PHP2 can promote production of acetic,propionic and butyric acid by rat fecal micro-flora.Prediction of metabolic function suggested that PHP2 could modulate cholesterol metabolism.The sulfated glucogalactan fermentation behavior may be associated with its monosaccharide composition,chain branching and chain conformation.PHP2 appeared to have considerable potential as functional food,and was associated with sulfur-containing polysaccharides in general.展开更多
Background:Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide,but studies have shown that the higher the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the more ...Background:Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide,but studies have shown that the higher the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the more likely it will benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.The purpose of our study was to collect and analyze abundant clinical samples in order to provide evidence for clinicians and patients who might consider anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy while jointly formulating treatment plans.Methods:On the one hand,we obtained cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,including 498 lung squamous cell cancer(LUSC)patients and 515 lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients.We studied the lung caner driver gene in LUSC and LUAD.On the other hand,PD-L1 expression was detected in lung cancer tissues of 1,008 NSCLC patients with immunohistochemistry staining(IHC),and we studied the correlation between PD-L1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics.Results:PD-L1 expression was higher in LUSC than in LUAD at the mRNA level.In univariate analysis,PD-L1 expression at the protein level was higher in patients who were males,were LUSC,were smokers,had a tumor diameter>3 cm,had poor differentiation,or had stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease.In multivariate analysis,PD-L1 expression was higher in patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.Conclusion:In term of protein level,PD-L1 expression was higher in NSCLC patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.We recommend that PD-L1 IHC detection can be routinely performed in such populations that are likely to benefit most from PD-L1 immunotherapy.展开更多
This article is concerned with a strongly coupled elliptic system modeling the steady state of two or more populations that compete in some regions. We prove the uniqueness of the limiting configuration as the competi...This article is concerned with a strongly coupled elliptic system modeling the steady state of two or more populations that compete in some regions. We prove the uniqueness of the limiting configuration as the competing rate tends to infinity, under suitable conditions. The proof relies on properties of limiting solution and Maximum principle.展开更多
Traumatic spinal cord injury is potentially catastrophic and can lead to permanent disability or even death.China has the largest population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.Previous studies of traumatic ...Traumatic spinal cord injury is potentially catastrophic and can lead to permanent disability or even death.China has the largest population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.Previous studies of traumatic spinal cord injury in China have mostly been regional in scope;national-level studies have been rare.To the best of our knowledge,no national-level study of treatment status and economic burden has been performed.This retrospective study aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China at the national level.We included 13,465 traumatic spinal cord injury patients who were injured between January 2013 and December 2018 and treated in 30 hospitals in 11 provinces/municipalities representing all geographical divisions of China.Patient epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and total and daily costs were recorded.Trends in the percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department and cost of care were assessed by annual percentage change using the Joinpoint Regression Program.The percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department did not significantly change overall(annual percentage change,-0.5%and 2.1%,respectively).A total of 10,053(74.7%)patients underwent surgery.Only 2.8%of patients who underwent surgery did so within 24 hours of injury.A total of 2005(14.9%)patients were treated with high-dose(≥500 mg)methylprednisolone sodium succinate/methylprednisolone(MPSS/MP);615(4.6%)received it within 8 hours.The total cost for acute traumatic spinal cord injury decreased over the study period(-4.7%),while daily cost did not significantly change(1.0%increase).Our findings indicate that public health initiatives should aim at improving hospitals’ability to complete early surgery within 24 hours,which is associated with improved sensorimotor recovery,increasing the awareness rate of clinical guidelines related to high-dose MPSS/MP to reduce the use of the treatment with insufficient evidence.展开更多
电解水技术是一种生产高纯氢燃料的方法,能够增强可再生能源发电系统的消纳能力.相较于质子交换膜(PEM)电解槽,碱性(ALK)电解槽可以使用非贵金属基催化电极,拥有更高的经济效益和市场占有率.然而,由于ALK电解槽处于质子稀缺环境,阴极氢...电解水技术是一种生产高纯氢燃料的方法,能够增强可再生能源发电系统的消纳能力.相较于质子交换膜(PEM)电解槽,碱性(ALK)电解槽可以使用非贵金属基催化电极,拥有更高的经济效益和市场占有率.然而,由于ALK电解槽处于质子稀缺环境,阴极氢气演化反应(HER)动力学变得更加复杂,需要快速解离水分子提供动态质子微环境.硫化钼(MoS_(2))纳米片边缘具有合适的质子吸附和演化的活性位点,是制备HER催化剂的潜力材料.但其二维基面原子由于配位饱和,显示出较弱的质子吸附能力.如何调控MoS_(2)基面以实现水解动力与质子吸附演化动力的集成,提升MoS_(2)纳米片的碱性HER活性,具有重要的科学和应用意义.本文提出了一种Co/O双原子植入策略,精准调控双活性位点及其电子结构,实现了水解离动力和质子吸附演化动力的高效耦联.首先,利用刻蚀和电沉积的两步实验法,在MoS_(2)基面上成功引入O和Co原子;随后,结合高分辨透射电镜、高角环形暗场-扫描透射电子显微镜、同步辐射X射线吸收精细结构谱等表征分析技术,精准识别了掺杂Co/O原子的位置和配位情况:O原子替换部分S原子,Co原子占据Mo原子的上方,构建出立体凸起的“O-Co-S_(2)”配位构型.催化在线的原位表征分析结果表明:该独特的“O-Co-S_(2)”原子基序发挥着水解离与氢演化反应协同催化效应.密度泛函理论计算结果也证实了该协同机制,其中Co位点促进水的解离反应,而S位点则有助于质子的转化生成氢气.因此,Co/O掺杂MoS_(2)催化剂(Co-O@MoS_(2))表现出较好的碱性HER活性:仅需81 mV的过电位,即可达到100 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度,Tafel斜率低至42 mV dec^(‒1),在600 mA cm^(‒2)的高电流密度测试中运行300 h活性无衰减.上述碱性HER性能不仅远高于原始的MoS_(2)纳米片,而且也领先于部分已报道结果.综上所述,本文在MoS_(2)基面上构筑了原子级协同催化活性中心,显著促进了碱性HER反应性能,为原子活化工程开发先进催化剂提供参考,在原子级基序构造、表征和功能分析方面提供借鉴.展开更多
Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is ...Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this work,niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode materials were chosen as the model materials and demonstrate that these three parameters can be simultaneously modulated by incorporation of micro-carbon fibers(MCF)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum filtration approach.Both as-prepared MNC-20 anode and MLC-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m A h cm^(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm~2 s~(-1)in the half-cell configuration.The assembled MNC-20‖MLC-20 full cell LIB delivers maximum energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),respectively.The excellent electrochemical properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,mechanical compactness and multidimensional mutual effects of the MCF,CNT and active materials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion kinetics.Furthermore,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),symmetric cells analysis,and insitu Raman techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture.展开更多
Seismic migration and inversion are closely related techniques to portray subsurface images and identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.Seismic migration aims at obtaining structural images of subsurface geologic discontinuit...Seismic migration and inversion are closely related techniques to portray subsurface images and identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.Seismic migration aims at obtaining structural images of subsurface geologic discontinuities.More specifically,seismic migration estimates the reflectivity function(stacked average reflectivity or pre-stack angle-dependent reflectivity)from seismic reflection data.On the other hand,seismic inversion quantitatively estimates the intrinsic rock properties of subsurface formulations.Such seismic inversion methods are applicable to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs that may exhibit lateral variations in the inverted parameters.Although there exist many differences,pre-stack seismic migration is similar with the first iteration of the general linearized seismic inversion.Usually,seismic migration and inversion techniques assume an acoustic or isotropic elastic medium.Unconventional reservoirs such as shale and tight sand formation have notable anisotropic property.We present a linearized waveform inversion(LWI)scheme for weakly anisotropic elastic media with vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)symmetry.It is based on two-way anisotropic elastic wave equation and simultaneously inverts for the localized perturbations(ΔVp_(0)/Vp_(0)/Vs_(0)/Vs_(0)/,Δ∈,Δδ)from the long-wavelength reference model.Our proposed VTI-elastic LWI is an iterative method that requires a forward and an adjoint operator acting on vectors in each iteration.We derive the forward Born approximation operator by perturbation theory and adjoint operator via adjoint-state method.The inversion has improved the quality of the images and reduces the multi-parameter crosstalk comparing with the adjoint-based images.We have observed that the multi-parameter crosstalk problem is more prominent in the inversion images for Thomsen anisotropy parameters.Especially,the Thomsen parameter is the most difficult to resolve.We also analyze the multi-parameter crosstalk using scattering radiation patterns.The linearized waveform inversion for VTI-elastic media presented in this article provides quantitative information of the rock properties that has the potential to help identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.展开更多
Osmotic stress caused by low-temperature,drought and salinity was a prevalent abiotic stress in plant that severely inhibited plant development and agricultural yield,particularly in tea plant.Jasmonic acid(JA)is an i...Osmotic stress caused by low-temperature,drought and salinity was a prevalent abiotic stress in plant that severely inhibited plant development and agricultural yield,particularly in tea plant.Jasmonic acid(JA)is an important phytohormone involving in plant stress.However,underlying molecular mechanisms of JA modulated osmotic stress response remains unclear.In this study,high concentration of mannitol induced JA accumulation and increase of peroxidase activity in tea plant.Integrated transcriptome mined a JA signaling master,MYC2 transcription factor is shown as a hub regulator that induced by mannitol,expression of which positively correlated with JA biosynthetic genes(LOX and AOS)and peroxidase genes(PER).CsMYC2 was determined as a nuclei-localized transcription activator,furthermore,ProteinDNA interaction analysis indicated that CsMYC2 was positive regulator that activated the transcription of CsLOX7,CsAOS2,CsPER1 and CsPER3via bound with their promoters,respectively.Suppression of CsMYC2 expression resulted in a reduced JA content and peroxidase activity and osmotic stress tolerance of tea plant.Overexpression of CsMYC2 in Arabidopsis improved JA content,peroxidase activity and plants tolerance against mannitol stress.Together,we proposed a positive feedback loop mediated by CsMYC2,CsLOX7 and CsAOS2 which constituted to increase the tolerance of osmotic stress through fine-tuning the accumulation of JA levels and increase of POD activity in tea plant.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have great potential to be the next major energy storage devices due to their obvious advantages and developing advanced electrodes and electrolytes is urgently necessary to promote its fut...Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have great potential to be the next major energy storage devices due to their obvious advantages and developing advanced electrodes and electrolytes is urgently necessary to promote its future industrialization.However,hard carbon as a state-of-the-art anode of SIBs still suffers from the low initial Coulomb efficiency and unsatisfactory rate capability,which could be improved by forming desirable solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) to some extent.Indeed,the chemistry and morphology of these interfacial layers are fundamental parameters affecting the overall battery operation,and optimizing the electrolyte to dictate the quality of SEI on hard carbon is a key strategy.Hence,this review summarizes the recent research on SEI design by electrolyte manipulation from solvents,salts,and additives.It also presents some potential mechanisms of SEI formation in various electrolyte systems.Besides,the current advanced characterization techniques for electrolyte and SEI structure analyses have been comprehensively discussed.Lastly,current challenges and future perspectives of SEI formation on hard carbon anode for SIBs are provided from the viewpoints of its compositions,evolution processes,structures,and characterization techniques,which will promote SEI efficient manipulation and improve the performance of hard carbon,and further contribute to the development of SIBs.展开更多
The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR),which converts CO_(2)into various hydrocarbons or alcohols,has been extensively researched because it promises a sustainable energy economy.However,only...The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR),which converts CO_(2)into various hydrocarbons or alcohols,has been extensively researched because it promises a sustainable energy economy.However,only copper(Cu)can currently achieve stable and efficient hydrocarbon conversion in the eCO_(2)RR.Therefore,understanding the catalytic mechanisms and summarizing the research progress on synthesis strategies of Cu catalysts are essential for the eCO_(2)RR.This paper reviews Cu catalysts with different surface states of Cu catalysts:oxide-derived Cu,Cu nanoparticles,Cu single atoms,and Cu nanoclusters.It then reviews the development and progress of different Cu-catalyst preparation methods in recent years,focusing on the activity and selectivity of materials.Besides revealing the tendencies of catalytic selection and deep reactive mechanisms of Cu catalysts with four different surface states,this review can guide the subsequent construction of catalysts and provides an understanding of catalytic mechanisms.展开更多
Winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba'Dongzao')is greatly appreciated by consumers for its excellent quality,but brand infringement frequently occurs in the market.Here,we first determined a total of 38 elements in 16...Winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba'Dongzao')is greatly appreciated by consumers for its excellent quality,but brand infringement frequently occurs in the market.Here,we first determined a total of 38 elements in 167 winter jujube samples from the main winter jujube producing areas of China by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).As a result,16 elements(Mg,K,Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ba,Be,As,Se,Cd,Sb,Ce,Er,Tl,and Pb)exhibited significant differences in samples from different producing areas.Supervised linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)showed better performance in identifying the origin of samples than unsupervised principal component analysis(PCA).LDA and OPLS-DA had a mean identification accuracy of 87.84 and 94.64%in the testing set,respectively.By using the multilayer perceptron(MLP)and C5.0,the prediction accuracy of the models could reach 96.36 and 91.06%,respectively.Based on the above four chemometric methods,Cd,Tl,Mo and Se were selected as the main variables and principal markers for the origin identification of winter jujube.Overall,this study demonstrates that it is practical and precise to identify the origin of winter jujube through multi-element fingerprint analysis with chemometrics,and may also provide reference for establishing the origin traceability system of other fruits.展开更多
In the domain of quantum cryptography,the implementation of quantum secret sharing stands as a pivotal element.In this paper,we propose a novel verifiable quantum secret sharing protocol using the d-dimensional produc...In the domain of quantum cryptography,the implementation of quantum secret sharing stands as a pivotal element.In this paper,we propose a novel verifiable quantum secret sharing protocol using the d-dimensional product state and Lagrange interpolation techniques.This protocol is initiated by the dealer Alice,who initially prepares a quantum product state,selected from a predefined set of orthogonal product states within the C~d■C~d framework.Subsequently,the participants execute unitary operations on this product state to recover the underlying secret.Furthermore,we subject the protocol to a rigorous security analysis,considering both eavesdropping attacks and potential dishonesty from the participants.Finally,we conduct a comparative analysis of our protocol against existing schemes.Our scheme exhibits economies of scale by exclusively employing quantum product states,thereby realizing significant cost-efficiency advantages.In terms of access structure,we adopt a(t, n)-threshold architecture,a strategic choice that augments the protocol's practicality and suitability for diverse applications.Furthermore,our protocol includes a rigorous integrity verification mechanism to ensure the honesty and reliability of the participants throughout the execution of the protocol.展开更多
In recent years,the Fuxian area in the southeastern Ordos Basin has undergone significant exploration,with industrial gas flow tested in wells drilled into the Ordovician marine carbonates.Despite this,the gas accumul...In recent years,the Fuxian area in the southeastern Ordos Basin has undergone significant exploration,with industrial gas flow tested in wells drilled into the Ordovician marine carbonates.Despite this,the gas accumulation patterns of this area are not fully understood,posing challenges for further exploration.Our analysis of geological conditions indicates that the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in this area hosts two gas plays:one found in weathering crusts and the other found in interior of the formation.We investigated various typical gas reservoirs in the area,focusing on differentiating the geological conditions and factors controlling gas accumulation in the weathering-crust and interior gas reservoirs.The results suggest three primary gas accumulation patterns in the Majiagou Formation in the Fuxian area:(1)upper gas accumulation in weathering crusts,present in the high parts of landforms such as residual paleo-hills or buried paleo-platform(Pattern I);(2)the stereoscopic pattern with gas accumulation in both weathering crusts and strata interior,arising in high parts of landforms such as residual paleo-hills or buried paleo-platforms(Pattern II);(3)lower gas accumulation in strata interior,occurring in the upper reaches and on both sides of paleo-trenches(Pattern III).This study will serve as a geological basis for future exploration deployment in the Fuxian area.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses long duration coverage problem of multiple robotic surface vehicles(RSVs) subject to battery energy constraints,in addition to uncertainties and disturbances. An anti-disturbance ener...Dear Editor,This letter addresses long duration coverage problem of multiple robotic surface vehicles(RSVs) subject to battery energy constraints,in addition to uncertainties and disturbances. An anti-disturbance energy-aware control method is proposed for performing coverage task of RSVs. Firstly, a centroidal Voronoi tessellation(CVT) is used to optimize the partition of the given coverage area.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51771037)Low Carbon Energy Research Funding Initiative(No.SC22/22-71151E).
文摘Elucidating the inherent origins of the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)kinetics in alkaline media and developing high-performance electrocatalysts are fundamental for the advances of conventional alkaline water electrolyzers and emerging anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzers.Here we present a facile electrochemical modification strategy for the synthesis of bi-component Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)catalyst toward efficient HER catalysis in alkaline media.Porous Co–Mo alloys with adjustable Mo/Co atomic ratio are first prepared by H2-assisted cathodic electrodeposition.By virtue of the appropriate electronic structure and hydrogen binding energy,Co–Mo_((18%))is the most HER active among the alloys and is further activated by a constant-current electrochemical modification process.Physical characterizations reveal the formation of amorphous Co(OH)_(2)nanoparticles on the surface.Electrokinetic analysis combined with theoretical calculations reveal that the in-situ formed Co(OH)_(2)can efficiently promote the water dissociation,resulting in accelerated Volmer-step kinetics.As a result,the Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)simultaneously achieves the optimization of the two factors dominating alkaline HER activity,i.e.,water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption/desorption via the bifunctional synergy of the bi-components.The high HER activity(η10 of 47 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))of Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)is close to benchmark Pt/C catalyst and comparable or superior to the most active non-noble metal catalysts.
文摘BACKGROUND Traditional treatments for pancreatic cancer(PC)are inadequate.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is non-invasive,and proven safe to kill cancer cells,including PC.However,the mitochondrial concentration of the photosensitizer,such as verteporfin,is key.AIM To investigate the distribution of fluorescence of verteporfin in PC cells treated with antitumor drugs,post-PDT.METHODS Workable survival rates of PC cells(AsPC-1,BxPC-3)were determined with chemotherapy[doxorubicin(DOX)and gemcitabine(GEM)]and non-chemotherapy[sirolimus(SRL)and cetuximab(CTX)]drugs in vitro,with or without verteporfin,as measured via MTT,flow cytometry,and laser confocal microscopy.Reduced cell proliferation was associated with GEM that was more enduring compared with DOX.Confocal laser microscopy allowed observation of GEM-and verteporfin-treated PC cells co-stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and MitoTracker Green to differentiate living and dead cells and subcellular localization of verteporfin,respectively.RESULTS Cell survival significantly dropped upon exposure to either chemotherapy drug,but not to SRL or CTX.Both cell lines responded similarly to GEM.The intensity of fluorescence was associated with the concentration of verteporfin.Additional experiments using GEM showed that survival rates of the PC cells treated with 10μmol/L verteporfin(but not less)were significantly lower relative to nil verte-porfin.Living and dead stained cells treated with GEM were distinguishable.After GEM treatment,verteporfin was observed primarily in the mitochondria.CONCLUSION Verteporfin was observed in living cells.In GEM-treated human PC cells,verteporfin was particularly prevalent in the mitochondria.This study supports further study of PDT for the treatment of PC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(1122yb065)the Program for Leading Talent in Fujian Provincial University(660160190)。
文摘This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated glucogalactan,with a hypothetical backbone structure of→4)Gα(1→6)G4 Sβ(1→4)Glc(1→and a side chain of Man(1→6)Glc.PHP2 had an irregular spherical chain conformation.The 16 S r RNA sequence analysis revealed that PHP2 modulated the rat fecal micro-flora composition,with a similar effect to inulin,changing the dominant genus(Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella)and promoting the growth of organisms that degrade sulfur-containing polysaccharides,such as Desulfovibrio,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,and Ruminococcus_2.PHP2 can promote production of acetic,propionic and butyric acid by rat fecal micro-flora.Prediction of metabolic function suggested that PHP2 could modulate cholesterol metabolism.The sulfated glucogalactan fermentation behavior may be associated with its monosaccharide composition,chain branching and chain conformation.PHP2 appeared to have considerable potential as functional food,and was associated with sulfur-containing polysaccharides in general.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(Grant 2021zzts1026).
文摘Background:Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide,but studies have shown that the higher the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the more likely it will benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.The purpose of our study was to collect and analyze abundant clinical samples in order to provide evidence for clinicians and patients who might consider anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy while jointly formulating treatment plans.Methods:On the one hand,we obtained cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,including 498 lung squamous cell cancer(LUSC)patients and 515 lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients.We studied the lung caner driver gene in LUSC and LUAD.On the other hand,PD-L1 expression was detected in lung cancer tissues of 1,008 NSCLC patients with immunohistochemistry staining(IHC),and we studied the correlation between PD-L1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics.Results:PD-L1 expression was higher in LUSC than in LUAD at the mRNA level.In univariate analysis,PD-L1 expression at the protein level was higher in patients who were males,were LUSC,were smokers,had a tumor diameter>3 cm,had poor differentiation,or had stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease.In multivariate analysis,PD-L1 expression was higher in patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.Conclusion:In term of protein level,PD-L1 expression was higher in NSCLC patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.We recommend that PD-L1 IHC detection can be routinely performed in such populations that are likely to benefit most from PD-L1 immunotherapy.
文摘This article is concerned with a strongly coupled elliptic system modeling the steady state of two or more populations that compete in some regions. We prove the uniqueness of the limiting configuration as the competing rate tends to infinity, under suitable conditions. The proof relies on properties of limiting solution and Maximum principle.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,No.2019YFA0112100(to SF).
文摘Traumatic spinal cord injury is potentially catastrophic and can lead to permanent disability or even death.China has the largest population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.Previous studies of traumatic spinal cord injury in China have mostly been regional in scope;national-level studies have been rare.To the best of our knowledge,no national-level study of treatment status and economic burden has been performed.This retrospective study aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China at the national level.We included 13,465 traumatic spinal cord injury patients who were injured between January 2013 and December 2018 and treated in 30 hospitals in 11 provinces/municipalities representing all geographical divisions of China.Patient epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and total and daily costs were recorded.Trends in the percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department and cost of care were assessed by annual percentage change using the Joinpoint Regression Program.The percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department did not significantly change overall(annual percentage change,-0.5%and 2.1%,respectively).A total of 10,053(74.7%)patients underwent surgery.Only 2.8%of patients who underwent surgery did so within 24 hours of injury.A total of 2005(14.9%)patients were treated with high-dose(≥500 mg)methylprednisolone sodium succinate/methylprednisolone(MPSS/MP);615(4.6%)received it within 8 hours.The total cost for acute traumatic spinal cord injury decreased over the study period(-4.7%),while daily cost did not significantly change(1.0%increase).Our findings indicate that public health initiatives should aim at improving hospitals’ability to complete early surgery within 24 hours,which is associated with improved sensorimotor recovery,increasing the awareness rate of clinical guidelines related to high-dose MPSS/MP to reduce the use of the treatment with insufficient evidence.
文摘电解水技术是一种生产高纯氢燃料的方法,能够增强可再生能源发电系统的消纳能力.相较于质子交换膜(PEM)电解槽,碱性(ALK)电解槽可以使用非贵金属基催化电极,拥有更高的经济效益和市场占有率.然而,由于ALK电解槽处于质子稀缺环境,阴极氢气演化反应(HER)动力学变得更加复杂,需要快速解离水分子提供动态质子微环境.硫化钼(MoS_(2))纳米片边缘具有合适的质子吸附和演化的活性位点,是制备HER催化剂的潜力材料.但其二维基面原子由于配位饱和,显示出较弱的质子吸附能力.如何调控MoS_(2)基面以实现水解动力与质子吸附演化动力的集成,提升MoS_(2)纳米片的碱性HER活性,具有重要的科学和应用意义.本文提出了一种Co/O双原子植入策略,精准调控双活性位点及其电子结构,实现了水解离动力和质子吸附演化动力的高效耦联.首先,利用刻蚀和电沉积的两步实验法,在MoS_(2)基面上成功引入O和Co原子;随后,结合高分辨透射电镜、高角环形暗场-扫描透射电子显微镜、同步辐射X射线吸收精细结构谱等表征分析技术,精准识别了掺杂Co/O原子的位置和配位情况:O原子替换部分S原子,Co原子占据Mo原子的上方,构建出立体凸起的“O-Co-S_(2)”配位构型.催化在线的原位表征分析结果表明:该独特的“O-Co-S_(2)”原子基序发挥着水解离与氢演化反应协同催化效应.密度泛函理论计算结果也证实了该协同机制,其中Co位点促进水的解离反应,而S位点则有助于质子的转化生成氢气.因此,Co/O掺杂MoS_(2)催化剂(Co-O@MoS_(2))表现出较好的碱性HER活性:仅需81 mV的过电位,即可达到100 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度,Tafel斜率低至42 mV dec^(‒1),在600 mA cm^(‒2)的高电流密度测试中运行300 h活性无衰减.上述碱性HER性能不仅远高于原始的MoS_(2)纳米片,而且也领先于部分已报道结果.综上所述,本文在MoS_(2)基面上构筑了原子级协同催化活性中心,显著促进了碱性HER反应性能,为原子活化工程开发先进催化剂提供参考,在原子级基序构造、表征和功能分析方面提供借鉴.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022WZ1012)the Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy(2020CB1007)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou(202201020147)。
文摘Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this work,niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode materials were chosen as the model materials and demonstrate that these three parameters can be simultaneously modulated by incorporation of micro-carbon fibers(MCF)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum filtration approach.Both as-prepared MNC-20 anode and MLC-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m A h cm^(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm~2 s~(-1)in the half-cell configuration.The assembled MNC-20‖MLC-20 full cell LIB delivers maximum energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),respectively.The excellent electrochemical properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,mechanical compactness and multidimensional mutual effects of the MCF,CNT and active materials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion kinetics.Furthermore,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),symmetric cells analysis,and insitu Raman techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture.
文摘Seismic migration and inversion are closely related techniques to portray subsurface images and identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.Seismic migration aims at obtaining structural images of subsurface geologic discontinuities.More specifically,seismic migration estimates the reflectivity function(stacked average reflectivity or pre-stack angle-dependent reflectivity)from seismic reflection data.On the other hand,seismic inversion quantitatively estimates the intrinsic rock properties of subsurface formulations.Such seismic inversion methods are applicable to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs that may exhibit lateral variations in the inverted parameters.Although there exist many differences,pre-stack seismic migration is similar with the first iteration of the general linearized seismic inversion.Usually,seismic migration and inversion techniques assume an acoustic or isotropic elastic medium.Unconventional reservoirs such as shale and tight sand formation have notable anisotropic property.We present a linearized waveform inversion(LWI)scheme for weakly anisotropic elastic media with vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)symmetry.It is based on two-way anisotropic elastic wave equation and simultaneously inverts for the localized perturbations(ΔVp_(0)/Vp_(0)/Vs_(0)/Vs_(0)/,Δ∈,Δδ)from the long-wavelength reference model.Our proposed VTI-elastic LWI is an iterative method that requires a forward and an adjoint operator acting on vectors in each iteration.We derive the forward Born approximation operator by perturbation theory and adjoint operator via adjoint-state method.The inversion has improved the quality of the images and reduces the multi-parameter crosstalk comparing with the adjoint-based images.We have observed that the multi-parameter crosstalk problem is more prominent in the inversion images for Thomsen anisotropy parameters.Especially,the Thomsen parameter is the most difficult to resolve.We also analyze the multi-parameter crosstalk using scattering radiation patterns.The linearized waveform inversion for VTI-elastic media presented in this article provides quantitative information of the rock properties that has the potential to help identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32202542 and U20A2045)the Project of Major Science and Technology in Anhui Province(Grant No.202003a06020021)+2 种基金the Project of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202102AE090038)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2108085QC121)the Natural Science Projects for Colleges and Universities in the Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2021A0145)。
文摘Osmotic stress caused by low-temperature,drought and salinity was a prevalent abiotic stress in plant that severely inhibited plant development and agricultural yield,particularly in tea plant.Jasmonic acid(JA)is an important phytohormone involving in plant stress.However,underlying molecular mechanisms of JA modulated osmotic stress response remains unclear.In this study,high concentration of mannitol induced JA accumulation and increase of peroxidase activity in tea plant.Integrated transcriptome mined a JA signaling master,MYC2 transcription factor is shown as a hub regulator that induced by mannitol,expression of which positively correlated with JA biosynthetic genes(LOX and AOS)and peroxidase genes(PER).CsMYC2 was determined as a nuclei-localized transcription activator,furthermore,ProteinDNA interaction analysis indicated that CsMYC2 was positive regulator that activated the transcription of CsLOX7,CsAOS2,CsPER1 and CsPER3via bound with their promoters,respectively.Suppression of CsMYC2 expression resulted in a reduced JA content and peroxidase activity and osmotic stress tolerance of tea plant.Overexpression of CsMYC2 in Arabidopsis improved JA content,peroxidase activity and plants tolerance against mannitol stress.Together,we proposed a positive feedback loop mediated by CsMYC2,CsLOX7 and CsAOS2 which constituted to increase the tolerance of osmotic stress through fine-tuning the accumulation of JA levels and increase of POD activity in tea plant.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2022/STG05/UM/01/2) awarded to Ramesh T Subramaniamby Technology Development Fund 1 (TeD1)from the Ministry of Science,Technology,and Innovation (MOSTI),Malaysia (MOSTI002-2021TED1)supported by the Key Research Program of Yichang City(2023KYPT0303)
文摘Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have great potential to be the next major energy storage devices due to their obvious advantages and developing advanced electrodes and electrolytes is urgently necessary to promote its future industrialization.However,hard carbon as a state-of-the-art anode of SIBs still suffers from the low initial Coulomb efficiency and unsatisfactory rate capability,which could be improved by forming desirable solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) to some extent.Indeed,the chemistry and morphology of these interfacial layers are fundamental parameters affecting the overall battery operation,and optimizing the electrolyte to dictate the quality of SEI on hard carbon is a key strategy.Hence,this review summarizes the recent research on SEI design by electrolyte manipulation from solvents,salts,and additives.It also presents some potential mechanisms of SEI formation in various electrolyte systems.Besides,the current advanced characterization techniques for electrolyte and SEI structure analyses have been comprehensively discussed.Lastly,current challenges and future perspectives of SEI formation on hard carbon anode for SIBs are provided from the viewpoints of its compositions,evolution processes,structures,and characterization techniques,which will promote SEI efficient manipulation and improve the performance of hard carbon,and further contribute to the development of SIBs.
基金supported by the Tianjin Science and Technology support key projects (20JCYBJC01420)。
文摘The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR),which converts CO_(2)into various hydrocarbons or alcohols,has been extensively researched because it promises a sustainable energy economy.However,only copper(Cu)can currently achieve stable and efficient hydrocarbon conversion in the eCO_(2)RR.Therefore,understanding the catalytic mechanisms and summarizing the research progress on synthesis strategies of Cu catalysts are essential for the eCO_(2)RR.This paper reviews Cu catalysts with different surface states of Cu catalysts:oxide-derived Cu,Cu nanoparticles,Cu single atoms,and Cu nanoclusters.It then reviews the development and progress of different Cu-catalyst preparation methods in recent years,focusing on the activity and selectivity of materials.Besides revealing the tendencies of catalytic selection and deep reactive mechanisms of Cu catalysts with four different surface states,this review can guide the subsequent construction of catalysts and provides an understanding of catalytic mechanisms.
基金This work was supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for High Level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University,China(665-1120015)the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China(GJFP2019011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207017).
文摘Winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba'Dongzao')is greatly appreciated by consumers for its excellent quality,but brand infringement frequently occurs in the market.Here,we first determined a total of 38 elements in 167 winter jujube samples from the main winter jujube producing areas of China by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).As a result,16 elements(Mg,K,Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ba,Be,As,Se,Cd,Sb,Ce,Er,Tl,and Pb)exhibited significant differences in samples from different producing areas.Supervised linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)showed better performance in identifying the origin of samples than unsupervised principal component analysis(PCA).LDA and OPLS-DA had a mean identification accuracy of 87.84 and 94.64%in the testing set,respectively.By using the multilayer perceptron(MLP)and C5.0,the prediction accuracy of the models could reach 96.36 and 91.06%,respectively.Based on the above four chemometric methods,Cd,Tl,Mo and Se were selected as the main variables and principal markers for the origin identification of winter jujube.Overall,this study demonstrates that it is practical and precise to identify the origin of winter jujube through multi-element fingerprint analysis with chemometrics,and may also provide reference for establishing the origin traceability system of other fruits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12301590)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.A2022210002)。
文摘In the domain of quantum cryptography,the implementation of quantum secret sharing stands as a pivotal element.In this paper,we propose a novel verifiable quantum secret sharing protocol using the d-dimensional product state and Lagrange interpolation techniques.This protocol is initiated by the dealer Alice,who initially prepares a quantum product state,selected from a predefined set of orthogonal product states within the C~d■C~d framework.Subsequently,the participants execute unitary operations on this product state to recover the underlying secret.Furthermore,we subject the protocol to a rigorous security analysis,considering both eavesdropping attacks and potential dishonesty from the participants.Finally,we conduct a comparative analysis of our protocol against existing schemes.Our scheme exhibits economies of scale by exclusively employing quantum product states,thereby realizing significant cost-efficiency advantages.In terms of access structure,we adopt a(t, n)-threshold architecture,a strategic choice that augments the protocol's practicality and suitability for diverse applications.Furthermore,our protocol includes a rigorous integrity verification mechanism to ensure the honesty and reliability of the participants throughout the execution of the protocol.
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.:U19B6003,U20B6001)the Class A Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.:XDA14000000)a project entitled Oil and Gas Enrichment Rules and Favorable Target Selection in the Iran-Iraq region initiated by the Sinopec Science and Technology Department.
文摘In recent years,the Fuxian area in the southeastern Ordos Basin has undergone significant exploration,with industrial gas flow tested in wells drilled into the Ordovician marine carbonates.Despite this,the gas accumulation patterns of this area are not fully understood,posing challenges for further exploration.Our analysis of geological conditions indicates that the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in this area hosts two gas plays:one found in weathering crusts and the other found in interior of the formation.We investigated various typical gas reservoirs in the area,focusing on differentiating the geological conditions and factors controlling gas accumulation in the weathering-crust and interior gas reservoirs.The results suggest three primary gas accumulation patterns in the Majiagou Formation in the Fuxian area:(1)upper gas accumulation in weathering crusts,present in the high parts of landforms such as residual paleo-hills or buried paleo-platform(Pattern I);(2)the stereoscopic pattern with gas accumulation in both weathering crusts and strata interior,arising in high parts of landforms such as residual paleo-hills or buried paleo-platforms(Pattern II);(3)lower gas accumulation in strata interior,occurring in the upper reaches and on both sides of paleo-trenches(Pattern III).This study will serve as a geological basis for future exploration deployment in the Fuxian area.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51939001,52301408)the National Science and Technology Major Project (2022ZD0119 902)+2 种基金the Key Basic Research of Dalian (2023JJ11CG008)the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund (2022JJ12GX034)the Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Project (2022RY07)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses long duration coverage problem of multiple robotic surface vehicles(RSVs) subject to battery energy constraints,in addition to uncertainties and disturbances. An anti-disturbance energy-aware control method is proposed for performing coverage task of RSVs. Firstly, a centroidal Voronoi tessellation(CVT) is used to optimize the partition of the given coverage area.
