In the past decade,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for combating cancers,demonstrating remarkable efficacy in relapsed/refractory hematological malig...In the past decade,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for combating cancers,demonstrating remarkable efficacy in relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies in both pediatric and adult patients.CAR-natural killer(CAR-NK)cell complements CAR-T cell therapy by offering several distinct advantages.CAR-NK cells do not require HLA compatibility and exhibit low safety concerns.Moreover,CAR-NK cells are conducive to“off-the-shelf”therapeutics,providing significant logistic advantages over CAR-T cells.Both CAR-T and CAR-NK cells have shown consistent and promising results in hematological malignancies.However,their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to various obstacles including limited tumor trafficking and infiltration,as well as an immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment.In this review,we discuss the recent advances and current challenges of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell immunotherapies,with a specific focus on the obstacles to their application in solid tumors.We also analyze in depth the advantages and drawbacks of CAR-NK cells compared to CAR-T cells and highlight CAR-NK CAR optimization.Finally,we explore future perspectives of these adoptive immunotherapies,highlighting the increasing contribution of cutting-edge biotechnological tools in shaping the next generation of cellular immunotherapy.展开更多
Dear Editor,SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves during the pandemic1 with many variants of concern(VoCs)lineages(Supplementary Fig.S1a).Omicron(B.1.1.529)and its sub-lineages led to multiple infection waves globally.2 Omicron ...Dear Editor,SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves during the pandemic1 with many variants of concern(VoCs)lineages(Supplementary Fig.S1a).Omicron(B.1.1.529)and its sub-lineages led to multiple infection waves globally.2 Omicron subvariants harbored a high number of mutations,especially in the spike(S)glycoprotein,and clustered in the receptor-binding domain(RBD)(Supplementary Fig.S1b,c;Supplemental Discussion).These subvariants drastically decrease the efficacy of current vaccinations and monoclonal antibody therapies.展开更多
基金SC is supported by the Cancer Research Institute Lloyd J.Old STAR Award(CRI4964),NIH(R33CA281702),DoD(W81XWH-21-1-0514,HT94252310472),and Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance.
文摘In the past decade,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for combating cancers,demonstrating remarkable efficacy in relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies in both pediatric and adult patients.CAR-natural killer(CAR-NK)cell complements CAR-T cell therapy by offering several distinct advantages.CAR-NK cells do not require HLA compatibility and exhibit low safety concerns.Moreover,CAR-NK cells are conducive to“off-the-shelf”therapeutics,providing significant logistic advantages over CAR-T cells.Both CAR-T and CAR-NK cells have shown consistent and promising results in hematological malignancies.However,their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to various obstacles including limited tumor trafficking and infiltration,as well as an immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment.In this review,we discuss the recent advances and current challenges of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell immunotherapies,with a specific focus on the obstacles to their application in solid tumors.We also analyze in depth the advantages and drawbacks of CAR-NK cells compared to CAR-T cells and highlight CAR-NK CAR optimization.Finally,we explore future perspectives of these adoptive immunotherapies,highlighting the increasing contribution of cutting-edge biotechnological tools in shaping the next generation of cellular immunotherapy.
基金LBMS is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research(KP1607011)We thank Drs.Lucas,Klein,L Chen,Müschen,Mr.Monteiro,and others for support+1 种基金This work is supported by DoD PRMRP IIAR(W81XWH-21-1-0019)discretionary funds to SC and NIH R01 AI163395 to Y.X.
文摘Dear Editor,SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves during the pandemic1 with many variants of concern(VoCs)lineages(Supplementary Fig.S1a).Omicron(B.1.1.529)and its sub-lineages led to multiple infection waves globally.2 Omicron subvariants harbored a high number of mutations,especially in the spike(S)glycoprotein,and clustered in the receptor-binding domain(RBD)(Supplementary Fig.S1b,c;Supplemental Discussion).These subvariants drastically decrease the efficacy of current vaccinations and monoclonal antibody therapies.
