Currently, the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction (CO_(2) RR) can realize the resource conversion of CO_(2) , which is a promising approach to carbon resource use. Important advancements have been made in explo...Currently, the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction (CO_(2) RR) can realize the resource conversion of CO_(2) , which is a promising approach to carbon resource use. Important advancements have been made in exploring the CO_(2) RR performance and mechanism because of the rational design of electrolyzer systems, such as H-cells, flow cells, and catalysts. Considering the future development direction of this technology and large-scale application needs, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) systems can improve energy use efficiency and achieve large-scale CO_(2) conversion, which is considered the most promising technology for industrial applications. This review will concentrate on the research progress and present situation of the MEA component structure. This paper begins with the composition and construction of a gas diff usion electrode. Then, the application of ion-exchange membranes in MEA is introduced. Furthermore, the eff ects of pH and the anion and cation of the anolyte on MEA performance are explored. Additionally, we present the anode reaction type in MEA. Finally, the challenges in this field are summarized, and upcoming trends are projected. This review should offer researchers a clearer picture of MEA systems and provide important, timely, and valuable insights into rational electrolyzer design to facilitate further development of CO_(2) electrochemical reduction.展开更多
Discrete Tomography(DT)is a technology that uses image projection to reconstruct images.Its reconstruction problem,especially the binary image(0–1matrix)has attracted strong attention.In this study,a fixed point iter...Discrete Tomography(DT)is a technology that uses image projection to reconstruct images.Its reconstruction problem,especially the binary image(0–1matrix)has attracted strong attention.In this study,a fixed point iterative method of integer programming based on intelligent optimization is proposed to optimize the reconstructedmodel.The solution process can be divided into two procedures.First,the DT problem is reformulated into a polyhedron judgment problembased on lattice basis reduction.Second,the fixed-point iterativemethod of Dang and Ye is used to judge whether an integer point exists in the polyhedron of the previous program.All the programs involved in this study are written in MATLAB.The final experimental data show that this method is obviously better than the branch and bound method in terms of computational efficiency,especially in the case of high dimension.The branch and bound method requires more branch operations and takes a long time.It also needs to store a large number of leaf node boundaries and the corresponding consumptionmatrix,which occupies a largememory space.展开更多
A novel and green route have been developed for the electrochemical synthesis of 3-halogenated spiro[4.5]trienones based on dearomative spirocyclization of alkynes with NaX(Br,I)as the halogen source.This transformati...A novel and green route have been developed for the electrochemical synthesis of 3-halogenated spiro[4.5]trienones based on dearomative spirocyclization of alkynes with NaX(Br,I)as the halogen source.This transformation was performed in an undivided cell under mild conditions.A wide range of substituted 3-halogenated spiro[4.5]trienones products was prepared in moderate-to-good yields,showing a broad scope and functional group tolerance.In addition,this approach was further extended to access fused tricyclic 6,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-j]quinoline-3,9(5H)-diones.展开更多
Global warming poses a serious threat to crops.Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs)/CPKs play vital roles in plant stress responses,but their exact roles in plant thermotolerance remains elusive.Here,we explored t...Global warming poses a serious threat to crops.Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs)/CPKs play vital roles in plant stress responses,but their exact roles in plant thermotolerance remains elusive.Here,we explored the roles of heat-induced ZmCDPK7 in thermotolerance in maize.ZmCDPK7-overexpressing maize plants displayed higher thermotolerance,photosynthetic rates,and antioxidant enzyme activity but lower H2 O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents than wild-type plants under heat stress.ZmCDPK7-knockdown plants displayed the opposite patterns.ZmCDPK7 is attached to the plasma membrane but can translocate to the cytosol under heat stress.ZmCDPK7 interacts with the small heat shock protein sHSP17.4,phosphorylates sHSP17.4 at Ser-44 and the respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOHB at Ser-99,and up regulates their expression.Site-directed mutagenesis of sHSP17.4 to generate a Ser-44-Ala substitution reduced ZmCDPK7’s enhancement of catalase activity but enhanced ZmCDPK7’s suppression of MDA accumulation in heat-stressed maize protoplasts.sHSP17.4,ZmCDPK7,and RBOHB were less strongly upregulated in response to heat stress in the abscisic acid-deficient mutant vp5 versus the wild type.Pretreatment with an RBOH inhibitor suppressed sHSP17.4 and ZmCDPK7 expression.Therefore,abscisic acid-induced ZmCDPK7 functions both upstream and downstream of RBOH and participates in thermotolerance in maize by mediating the phosphorylation of sHSP17.4,which might be essential for its chaperone function.展开更多
基金The financial assistance for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51773092, 21975124, 20210283, and 22109070)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure (No. SKL201911SIC).
文摘Currently, the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction (CO_(2) RR) can realize the resource conversion of CO_(2) , which is a promising approach to carbon resource use. Important advancements have been made in exploring the CO_(2) RR performance and mechanism because of the rational design of electrolyzer systems, such as H-cells, flow cells, and catalysts. Considering the future development direction of this technology and large-scale application needs, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) systems can improve energy use efficiency and achieve large-scale CO_(2) conversion, which is considered the most promising technology for industrial applications. This review will concentrate on the research progress and present situation of the MEA component structure. This paper begins with the composition and construction of a gas diff usion electrode. Then, the application of ion-exchange membranes in MEA is introduced. Furthermore, the eff ects of pH and the anion and cation of the anolyte on MEA performance are explored. Additionally, we present the anode reaction type in MEA. Finally, the challenges in this field are summarized, and upcoming trends are projected. This review should offer researchers a clearer picture of MEA systems and provide important, timely, and valuable insights into rational electrolyzer design to facilitate further development of CO_(2) electrochemical reduction.
基金funded by the NSFC under Grant Nos.61803279,71471091,62003231 and 51874205in part by the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu,in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Nos.2020M671596 and 2021M692369+2 种基金in part by the Suzhou Science and Technology Development Plan Project(Key Industry Technology Innovation)under Grant No.SYG202114in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BK20200989Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Jiangsu Province.
文摘Discrete Tomography(DT)is a technology that uses image projection to reconstruct images.Its reconstruction problem,especially the binary image(0–1matrix)has attracted strong attention.In this study,a fixed point iterative method of integer programming based on intelligent optimization is proposed to optimize the reconstructedmodel.The solution process can be divided into two procedures.First,the DT problem is reformulated into a polyhedron judgment problembased on lattice basis reduction.Second,the fixed-point iterativemethod of Dang and Ye is used to judge whether an integer point exists in the polyhedron of the previous program.All the programs involved in this study are written in MATLAB.The final experimental data show that this method is obviously better than the branch and bound method in terms of computational efficiency,especially in the case of high dimension.The branch and bound method requires more branch operations and takes a long time.It also needs to store a large number of leaf node boundaries and the corresponding consumptionmatrix,which occupies a largememory space.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21876069,21707054)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu(XCL-018)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M601744)~~
基金We gratefully acknowledge the Provincial Planning Project of the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.LGF19B060005)for financial support.
文摘A novel and green route have been developed for the electrochemical synthesis of 3-halogenated spiro[4.5]trienones based on dearomative spirocyclization of alkynes with NaX(Br,I)as the halogen source.This transformation was performed in an undivided cell under mild conditions.A wide range of substituted 3-halogenated spiro[4.5]trienones products was prepared in moderate-to-good yields,showing a broad scope and functional group tolerance.In addition,this approach was further extended to access fused tricyclic 6,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-j]quinoline-3,9(5H)-diones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Henan Joint Fund(U1604101 to XLH)the Key R&D and Promotion Projects of Henan Province(192102110009 to XLH,192102110004 to HY)。
文摘Global warming poses a serious threat to crops.Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs)/CPKs play vital roles in plant stress responses,but their exact roles in plant thermotolerance remains elusive.Here,we explored the roles of heat-induced ZmCDPK7 in thermotolerance in maize.ZmCDPK7-overexpressing maize plants displayed higher thermotolerance,photosynthetic rates,and antioxidant enzyme activity but lower H2 O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents than wild-type plants under heat stress.ZmCDPK7-knockdown plants displayed the opposite patterns.ZmCDPK7 is attached to the plasma membrane but can translocate to the cytosol under heat stress.ZmCDPK7 interacts with the small heat shock protein sHSP17.4,phosphorylates sHSP17.4 at Ser-44 and the respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOHB at Ser-99,and up regulates their expression.Site-directed mutagenesis of sHSP17.4 to generate a Ser-44-Ala substitution reduced ZmCDPK7’s enhancement of catalase activity but enhanced ZmCDPK7’s suppression of MDA accumulation in heat-stressed maize protoplasts.sHSP17.4,ZmCDPK7,and RBOHB were less strongly upregulated in response to heat stress in the abscisic acid-deficient mutant vp5 versus the wild type.Pretreatment with an RBOH inhibitor suppressed sHSP17.4 and ZmCDPK7 expression.Therefore,abscisic acid-induced ZmCDPK7 functions both upstream and downstream of RBOH and participates in thermotolerance in maize by mediating the phosphorylation of sHSP17.4,which might be essential for its chaperone function.
