This study computationally investigates the hydrodynamics of different serpentine flow field designs for redox flow batteries,which considers the Poiseuille flow in the flow channel and the Darcy flow porous substrate...This study computationally investigates the hydrodynamics of different serpentine flow field designs for redox flow batteries,which considers the Poiseuille flow in the flow channel and the Darcy flow porous substrate.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results of the in-house developed code based on Finite Volume Method(FVM)for conventional serpentine flow field(CSFF)agreed well with those obtained via experiment.The deviation for pressure drop(ΔP)was less than 5.1%for all the flow rates,thus proving the present CFD analysis’s validity on the modified variation of serpentine flow fields.Modified serpentine flow field-2(MSFF2)design provided least pressure drop across the channel and maximum velocity penetration across the porous substrate when compared to the other designs.This increases its wetting ability,which is very important in terms of mass transfer over potential for electrochemical reaction happening in the porous substrate to achieve effective electrochemical cell performance.展开更多
The global increase in energy demand has resulted in the depletion of non-renewable resources and caused environmental degradation.Consequently,emerging renewable technologies are a potential solution to fulfil energy...The global increase in energy demand has resulted in the depletion of non-renewable resources and caused environmental degradation.Consequently,emerging renewable technologies are a potential solution to fulfil energy demand and mitigate the effect of global warming.Low-cost solar energy harvesting technologies are most feasible technologies.Various solar cells technologies have been developed with improved overall performance and conversion effi-ciency.However,due to low cost and a wide range of applications,dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)have been immensely focused on one of the most promising third-generation solar cells.The highest conversion efficiency of DSSC achieved after three decades of research is more than 14%,but the commercialization of this technology is still a challenge.In this review paper,an attempt has been made to present the comparison of different articles published,that gives the in-depth study of recent developments in various types of DSSCs based on architectural assembly and physical appearance.An overview of the limitations and challenges with their possible improvement strategies have also been discussed.This review paper concludes that appropriate selection of electrolytes dramatically affects the performance of DSSC,and quasi-solid-state electrolyte proves to be a better option.Besides,it also concludes that tandem structures are widely agreed with the approach to expand light utilization spectrum for an overall increase in its performance.However,still,the research is required,which could efficiently widen the applications of the DSSCs.展开更多
Fused deposition modeling(FDM)-3D printing has been the favored technology to build functional components in various industries.The present study investigates infill percentage and infill pattern effects on the printe...Fused deposition modeling(FDM)-3D printing has been the favored technology to build functional components in various industries.The present study investigates infill percentage and infill pattern effects on the printed parts’impact properties through the 3D printing technique using coconut wood-filled PLA composites.Mathematical models are also proposed in the present study with the aim for future property prediction.According to the ASTM standard,fifteen specimens with different parameter combinations were printed using a low-cost FDM 3D printer to evaluate their impact properties.Statistical analysis was performed using MINITAB to validate the experimental data and model development.The experimental outcomes reveal the honeycomb pattern with 75%infill density achieves the highest energy absorption(0.837 J)and impact energy(5.1894 kJ/m^(2)).The p-value from statistical analysis clearly shows that all the impact properties are less than the alpha value of 0.05,suggesting all the properties are vital to determine the impact properties.The validation process affirms that the generated mathematical model for the energy absorbed and the impact energy is reliable at an acceptable level to predict their respective properties.The errors between the experimental value and the predicted value are 3.98%for the energy absorbed and 4.06%for impact energy.The findings are expected to provide insights on the impact behavior of the coconut wood-filled PLA composites prepared by FDM-3D printing and a mathematical model to predict the impact properties.展开更多
Buildings contribute to 33%of total global energy consumption,which corresponds to 38%of greenhouse gas emissions.Enhancing building’s energy efficiency remains predominant in mitigating global warming.Advance-ments ...Buildings contribute to 33%of total global energy consumption,which corresponds to 38%of greenhouse gas emissions.Enhancing building’s energy efficiency remains predominant in mitigating global warming.Advance-ments in thermal energy storage(TES)techniques using phase change material(PCM)have gained much attention among researchers,primarily to minimize energy consumption and to promote the use of renewable energy sources.PCM technology stays as the most promising technology for developing high-performance and energy-efficient buildings.The major drawback of PCM is its poor thermal conductivity which limits its potential use which could be resolved by dispersing conductive nanofillers.The acquired database on synthesis routes,properties,and performance of nano-dispersed phase change materials(NDPCMs)with various techniques presented in the paper should deliver useful information in the production of NDPCMs with desirable characteristics mainly for building construction applications.An outline of contemporary developments and use of NDPCMs as TES medium is delivered.Finally,a brief discussion on challenges and the outlook was also made.In-depth research is needed to explore the fundamental mechanisms behind the enhanced thermal conductivity of NDPCM with nanofillers dispersion and also a thorough investigation on how these mechanisms drive improvement in building performance.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully thank the Centre for Incubation,Innovation,Research and Consultancy(CIIRC),Jyothy Institute of Technology and Sri Sringeri Sharadha Peetam for supporting this research.K.Kadirgama would like to acknowledge Malaysia Minister of Higher Education for providing financial assistant under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)No.FRGS/1/2019/TK07/UMP/02/3Universiti Malaysia Pahang(UMP)under Grant No.RDU192207.
文摘This study computationally investigates the hydrodynamics of different serpentine flow field designs for redox flow batteries,which considers the Poiseuille flow in the flow channel and the Darcy flow porous substrate.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results of the in-house developed code based on Finite Volume Method(FVM)for conventional serpentine flow field(CSFF)agreed well with those obtained via experiment.The deviation for pressure drop(ΔP)was less than 5.1%for all the flow rates,thus proving the present CFD analysis’s validity on the modified variation of serpentine flow fields.Modified serpentine flow field-2(MSFF2)design provided least pressure drop across the channel and maximum velocity penetration across the porous substrate when compared to the other designs.This increases its wetting ability,which is very important in terms of mass transfer over potential for electrochemical reaction happening in the porous substrate to achieve effective electrochemical cell performance.
基金Universiti Malaysia Pahang(UMP)for the financial support under Grant RDU192205 and RDU192403.
文摘The global increase in energy demand has resulted in the depletion of non-renewable resources and caused environmental degradation.Consequently,emerging renewable technologies are a potential solution to fulfil energy demand and mitigate the effect of global warming.Low-cost solar energy harvesting technologies are most feasible technologies.Various solar cells technologies have been developed with improved overall performance and conversion effi-ciency.However,due to low cost and a wide range of applications,dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)have been immensely focused on one of the most promising third-generation solar cells.The highest conversion efficiency of DSSC achieved after three decades of research is more than 14%,but the commercialization of this technology is still a challenge.In this review paper,an attempt has been made to present the comparison of different articles published,that gives the in-depth study of recent developments in various types of DSSCs based on architectural assembly and physical appearance.An overview of the limitations and challenges with their possible improvement strategies have also been discussed.This review paper concludes that appropriate selection of electrolytes dramatically affects the performance of DSSC,and quasi-solid-state electrolyte proves to be a better option.Besides,it also concludes that tandem structures are widely agreed with the approach to expand light utilization spectrum for an overall increase in its performance.However,still,the research is required,which could efficiently widen the applications of the DSSCs.
基金financial support provided under the Grants RDU190350,RDU190351,and RDU190352.
文摘Fused deposition modeling(FDM)-3D printing has been the favored technology to build functional components in various industries.The present study investigates infill percentage and infill pattern effects on the printed parts’impact properties through the 3D printing technique using coconut wood-filled PLA composites.Mathematical models are also proposed in the present study with the aim for future property prediction.According to the ASTM standard,fifteen specimens with different parameter combinations were printed using a low-cost FDM 3D printer to evaluate their impact properties.Statistical analysis was performed using MINITAB to validate the experimental data and model development.The experimental outcomes reveal the honeycomb pattern with 75%infill density achieves the highest energy absorption(0.837 J)and impact energy(5.1894 kJ/m^(2)).The p-value from statistical analysis clearly shows that all the impact properties are less than the alpha value of 0.05,suggesting all the properties are vital to determine the impact properties.The validation process affirms that the generated mathematical model for the energy absorbed and the impact energy is reliable at an acceptable level to predict their respective properties.The errors between the experimental value and the predicted value are 3.98%for the energy absorbed and 4.06%for impact energy.The findings are expected to provide insights on the impact behavior of the coconut wood-filled PLA composites prepared by FDM-3D printing and a mathematical model to predict the impact properties.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) forthe financial assistance given under RDU 213308 and DRS, Sunway University through SunwayUniversity’s International Research Network Grant Scheme (IRNGS) 2021 (STR-IRNGS-SETRCNMET-01-2021) for carrying out this work.
文摘Buildings contribute to 33%of total global energy consumption,which corresponds to 38%of greenhouse gas emissions.Enhancing building’s energy efficiency remains predominant in mitigating global warming.Advance-ments in thermal energy storage(TES)techniques using phase change material(PCM)have gained much attention among researchers,primarily to minimize energy consumption and to promote the use of renewable energy sources.PCM technology stays as the most promising technology for developing high-performance and energy-efficient buildings.The major drawback of PCM is its poor thermal conductivity which limits its potential use which could be resolved by dispersing conductive nanofillers.The acquired database on synthesis routes,properties,and performance of nano-dispersed phase change materials(NDPCMs)with various techniques presented in the paper should deliver useful information in the production of NDPCMs with desirable characteristics mainly for building construction applications.An outline of contemporary developments and use of NDPCMs as TES medium is delivered.Finally,a brief discussion on challenges and the outlook was also made.In-depth research is needed to explore the fundamental mechanisms behind the enhanced thermal conductivity of NDPCM with nanofillers dispersion and also a thorough investigation on how these mechanisms drive improvement in building performance.
