The rapid economic and social developments in the Luoyuan and Lianjiang counties of Fujian Province,China,raise certain environment and ecosystem issues.The unusual phytoplankton bloom and eutrophication,for example,h...The rapid economic and social developments in the Luoyuan and Lianjiang counties of Fujian Province,China,raise certain environment and ecosystem issues.The unusual phytoplankton bloom and eutrophication,for example,have increased in severity in Luoyuan Bay （LB）.The constant increase of nutrient loads has largely caused the environmental degradation in LB.Several countermeasures have been implemented to solve these environmental problems.The most effective of these strategies is the reduction of pollutant loadings into the sea in accordance with total pollutant load control （TPLC） plans.A combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic transport-transformation model was constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand （COD）.The allowed maximum loadings for each discharge unit in LB were calculated with applicable simulation results.The simulation results indicated that the environmental capacity of COD is approximately 11×l0^4tyear^-1 when the water quality complies with the marine functional zoning standards for LB.A pollutant reduction scheme to diminish the present levels of mariculture-and domestic-based COD loadings is based on the estimated marine COD environmental capacity.The obtained values imply that the LB waters could comply with the targeted water quality criteria.To meet the revised marine functional zoning standards,discharge loadings from discharge units 1 and 11 should be reduced to 996 and 3236t year^-1,respectively.展开更多
This paper presents the experimental results of composition changes of heavy fuel oil by stmulating weathering in static seawater under natural environmental conditions. The results indicate： n-C10 to n-C15 were lost...This paper presents the experimental results of composition changes of heavy fuel oil by stmulating weathering in static seawater under natural environmental conditions. The results indicate： n-C10 to n-C15 were lost gradually in 24 weeks and the relative abundance of alkanes with long chains （〉n-C19） increased markedly. The aromatic compounds with less than two tings （except C4N） were completely lost in 24 weeks and CnP and CnD became the main aromatics in the heavy fuel oil after 24 weeks. The ratios of n- C1/Pristane （Pr） and n-C18 Phytane （Ph） were suitable for identifying lightly weathered （3 weeks） heavy fuel oil. The ratios of n-ClT/n-C18 and Pr/Ph were suitable for identifying moderately weathered heavy fuel oil （12 weeks）; the ratios of C2D/C2P and C3D/C3P did not change significantly in 24 weeks and were more suitable for identifying moderately weathered heavy fuel oil （24 weeks）.展开更多
To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling ques-tions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the env...To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling ques-tions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the environment depend on a number of physicochemical and biological factors. This paper presents the results regarding changes in chemical composition of light crude oil during simulated short-term weathering based on natural environmental conditions. The results show that the saturated hydrocarbons of the light crude oil mainly distribute between n-C8 and n-C23 and the most abundant n-alkanes are found in the n-C10 to n-C16. The main chemical components of the light crude oil are n-alkanes and isoprenoids. The aromatic compounds are subordinate chemical components. Under the conditions of the weathering simulation experiment,n-alkanes less than n-C12,toluene and 1,3-dimethyl ben-zene are lost after 1 d weathering,the n-C13,n-C14,naphthalene and 2-methyl-naphthalene are lost on the fifth day of weathering,and n-C15 alkane components show certain weatherproof capability. The ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane are unaltered and can be used to identify the source of the light crude oil during the first 8 d of weathering. After 21 d,the ratio pristine/phytane can not pro-vide much information on the source of the spilled light crude oil. Triterpanes(m/z 191) as biomarker compounds of light crude oil are more valuable.展开更多
目的对烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献进行可视化分析,探讨国内外烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的研究现状、演进过程、热点主题以及未来研究趋势。方法采用文献计量学方法进行分析。检索《Web of Science》和《中国知网》数据库1950年1月1日—2022...目的对烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献进行可视化分析,探讨国内外烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的研究现状、演进过程、热点主题以及未来研究趋势。方法采用文献计量学方法进行分析。检索《Web of Science》和《中国知网》数据库1950年1月1日—2022年5月1日发表的符合入选标准的烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献,进行发文量分析。同前检索《Web of Science》数据库核心合集和《中国知网》数据库中烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献,采用CiteSpace5.8.R3软件行关键词共现分析、聚类分析及文献共被引分析。结果从《Web of Science》和《中国知网》数据库分别检索到501、235篇文献。国内外分别于1975、1950年开始出现烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献,随后相关文献逐渐增加。《中国知网》数据库235篇文献中烧伤、凝血功能、血小板等关键词出现频次和中心性较高,《Web of Science》数据库核心合集340篇文献中burn、coagulation、deep vein thrombosis等关键词出现频次和中心性较高。《中国知网》数据库中,突现强度排前6的关键词为烧伤患者、临床意义、烧伤面积、凝血功能、预后、血小板,且前3个关键词为早期突现关键词;《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中,突现强度排前列的关键词disseminated intravascular coagulation、pulmonary embolism为早期突现关键词。《中国知网》数据库中具有代表性的聚类标签是#0烧伤、#1休克、#2并发症等,《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中具有代表性的聚类标签是#0 risk、#1 surgical patient、#2 sepsis等。在《中国知网》数据库和《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中早期研究更关注烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的存在本身,而后期研究更关注烧伤相关凝血功能障碍与炎症、免疫、凝血全貌、创面的关系。2010年及以后《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中出现了较多核心被引文献,静脉血栓栓塞防治是近年最受关注的研究方向,烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的诊断方法的优化和标准化以及对其整体机制的研究将是未来的主要研究方向。结论国内外烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的研究热点和演进过程既有相似性也有差异性,目前的研究热点在于凝血与炎症、免疫等的关系。随着研究的深入,烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的诊断方法的优化和标准化以及对其整体机制的研究将是未来的主要研究方向。展开更多
基金supported by the Science Fund Projects of Shandong Province (ZR2010DM005)the State Ocean Administration of China ‘908’ Foundation (908-02-02-03)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Qingdao (11-2-3-66-nsh and 11-2-1-18-hy)
文摘The rapid economic and social developments in the Luoyuan and Lianjiang counties of Fujian Province,China,raise certain environment and ecosystem issues.The unusual phytoplankton bloom and eutrophication,for example,have increased in severity in Luoyuan Bay （LB）.The constant increase of nutrient loads has largely caused the environmental degradation in LB.Several countermeasures have been implemented to solve these environmental problems.The most effective of these strategies is the reduction of pollutant loadings into the sea in accordance with total pollutant load control （TPLC） plans.A combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic transport-transformation model was constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand （COD）.The allowed maximum loadings for each discharge unit in LB were calculated with applicable simulation results.The simulation results indicated that the environmental capacity of COD is approximately 11×l0^4tyear^-1 when the water quality complies with the marine functional zoning standards for LB.A pollutant reduction scheme to diminish the present levels of mariculture-and domestic-based COD loadings is based on the estimated marine COD environmental capacity.The obtained values imply that the LB waters could comply with the targeted water quality criteria.To meet the revised marine functional zoning standards,discharge loadings from discharge units 1 and 11 should be reduced to 996 and 3236t year^-1,respectively.
文摘This paper presents the experimental results of composition changes of heavy fuel oil by stmulating weathering in static seawater under natural environmental conditions. The results indicate： n-C10 to n-C15 were lost gradually in 24 weeks and the relative abundance of alkanes with long chains （〉n-C19） increased markedly. The aromatic compounds with less than two tings （except C4N） were completely lost in 24 weeks and CnP and CnD became the main aromatics in the heavy fuel oil after 24 weeks. The ratios of n- C1/Pristane （Pr） and n-C18 Phytane （Ph） were suitable for identifying lightly weathered （3 weeks） heavy fuel oil. The ratios of n-ClT/n-C18 and Pr/Ph were suitable for identifying moderately weathered heavy fuel oil （12 weeks）; the ratios of C2D/C2P and C3D/C3P did not change significantly in 24 weeks and were more suitable for identifying moderately weathered heavy fuel oil （24 weeks）.
文摘To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling ques-tions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the environment depend on a number of physicochemical and biological factors. This paper presents the results regarding changes in chemical composition of light crude oil during simulated short-term weathering based on natural environmental conditions. The results show that the saturated hydrocarbons of the light crude oil mainly distribute between n-C8 and n-C23 and the most abundant n-alkanes are found in the n-C10 to n-C16. The main chemical components of the light crude oil are n-alkanes and isoprenoids. The aromatic compounds are subordinate chemical components. Under the conditions of the weathering simulation experiment,n-alkanes less than n-C12,toluene and 1,3-dimethyl ben-zene are lost after 1 d weathering,the n-C13,n-C14,naphthalene and 2-methyl-naphthalene are lost on the fifth day of weathering,and n-C15 alkane components show certain weatherproof capability. The ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane are unaltered and can be used to identify the source of the light crude oil during the first 8 d of weathering. After 21 d,the ratio pristine/phytane can not pro-vide much information on the source of the spilled light crude oil. Triterpanes(m/z 191) as biomarker compounds of light crude oil are more valuable.
文摘目的对烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献进行可视化分析,探讨国内外烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的研究现状、演进过程、热点主题以及未来研究趋势。方法采用文献计量学方法进行分析。检索《Web of Science》和《中国知网》数据库1950年1月1日—2022年5月1日发表的符合入选标准的烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献,进行发文量分析。同前检索《Web of Science》数据库核心合集和《中国知网》数据库中烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献,采用CiteSpace5.8.R3软件行关键词共现分析、聚类分析及文献共被引分析。结果从《Web of Science》和《中国知网》数据库分别检索到501、235篇文献。国内外分别于1975、1950年开始出现烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的文献,随后相关文献逐渐增加。《中国知网》数据库235篇文献中烧伤、凝血功能、血小板等关键词出现频次和中心性较高,《Web of Science》数据库核心合集340篇文献中burn、coagulation、deep vein thrombosis等关键词出现频次和中心性较高。《中国知网》数据库中,突现强度排前6的关键词为烧伤患者、临床意义、烧伤面积、凝血功能、预后、血小板,且前3个关键词为早期突现关键词;《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中,突现强度排前列的关键词disseminated intravascular coagulation、pulmonary embolism为早期突现关键词。《中国知网》数据库中具有代表性的聚类标签是#0烧伤、#1休克、#2并发症等,《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中具有代表性的聚类标签是#0 risk、#1 surgical patient、#2 sepsis等。在《中国知网》数据库和《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中早期研究更关注烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的存在本身,而后期研究更关注烧伤相关凝血功能障碍与炎症、免疫、凝血全貌、创面的关系。2010年及以后《Web of Science》数据库核心合集中出现了较多核心被引文献,静脉血栓栓塞防治是近年最受关注的研究方向,烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的诊断方法的优化和标准化以及对其整体机制的研究将是未来的主要研究方向。结论国内外烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的研究热点和演进过程既有相似性也有差异性,目前的研究热点在于凝血与炎症、免疫等的关系。随着研究的深入,烧伤相关凝血功能障碍的诊断方法的优化和标准化以及对其整体机制的研究将是未来的主要研究方向。
文摘移动应用可访问性(Mobile Application Accessibility)是指移动应用程序设计和实现的程度,目的是确保任何用户都能够轻松地访问和使用该应用。国内移动应用市场上的海量应用中支持无障碍功能的应用少之又少,与数量庞大且与日俱增的老年群体和视觉障碍群体追求享受数字时代红利、打破数字鸿沟的愿景产生矛盾。大规模语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)在实现人类水平的智能方面表现出了巨大的潜力,通过提示词工程引导可以进行简单的逻辑推理和决策判断。此外,缩短交互路径是一种最为直观的移动应用可访问性增强方法。受到上述事实的启发,提出一种基于大规模语言模型的移动应用可访问性增强方法,创新性地应用可访问性服务和大语言模型,兼顾安全性、自动化和智能化。实现了一种移动应用可访问性辅助工具AccessLink,在非侵入式和用户授权的前提下,感知和操作移动应用的图形化用户界面,由此实现了基于自动化方法的数据集构建方法,并在构建的数据集上使用大模型GPT-3.5、GPT-4.0、通义千问和百川进行实验,证明了所提方法的有效性。
