为了解喀斯特地区树种适应水分亏缺生境的内在机制,选择广西弄岗喀斯特森林9种主要树种,分析树种间水力结构及相关性状的差异及相关性。结果显示:供试9种树种间的最大边材比导率、最大叶片比导率、胡伯尔值、木质部导管直径及木材密度...为了解喀斯特地区树种适应水分亏缺生境的内在机制,选择广西弄岗喀斯特森林9种主要树种,分析树种间水力结构及相关性状的差异及相关性。结果显示:供试9种树种间的最大边材比导率、最大叶片比导率、胡伯尔值、木质部导管直径及木材密度存在极显著(P<0.01)差异,其中,海南椴〔Diplodiscus trichospermus(Merrill)Y.Tang〕的最大边材比导率、最大叶片比导率以及木质部导管直径均最大,但胡伯尔值和木材密度最小。干季和湿季,供试9种树种间木质部导水率丧失百分比(PLC)均存在极显著差异,且金丝李(Garcinia paucinervis Chun et How)的PLC值均最高,分别为44.39%和38.92%。除闭花木〔Cleistanthus sumatranus(Miq.)Muell.Arg.〕、海南椴和淡黄金花茶(Camellia flavida Chang)外,其他6种树种PLC值在干季和湿季间无显著(P>0.05)差异,表明喀斯特地区树种耐干旱能力普遍较强。相关性分析结果表明:单叶叶面积与最大边材比导率、木质部导管直径和叶片净光合速率呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)正相关,但与木材密度呈极显著负相关。综上所述,喀斯特地区木材密度较大的树种虽然耐旱性较强,但木质部水分运输效率会降低,进而使叶片净光合速率降低;反之,木材密度较小的树种虽然有利于木质部水分运输效率提高及碳固定,但是其耐旱性降低;水力结构功能特征间的关系既存在协同也存在一定的权衡。展开更多
利用开顶式气室(Open Top Chamber,OTC),通过测定大豆叶片中黄酮类物质(总黄酮、芦丁、槲皮素和桑色素)和酚类物质(总多酚、阿魏酸和P-香豆酰)含量变化,以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及脂肪氧化酶(LOX)3种酶活性变化,研究O_...利用开顶式气室(Open Top Chamber,OTC),通过测定大豆叶片中黄酮类物质(总黄酮、芦丁、槲皮素和桑色素)和酚类物质(总多酚、阿魏酸和P-香豆酰)含量变化,以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及脂肪氧化酶(LOX)3种酶活性变化,研究O_3浓度升高对大豆叶片黄酮类和多酚类物质及其氧化酶的影响。以大气臭氧浓度为对照,设置110n L·L^(-1) O_3浓度为一个处理,每个处理设3个OTCs重复。结果表明,随着大豆生育期的延长,与对照相比,总黄酮、芦丁、槲皮素和桑色素都表现出先上升后下降的趋势,在开花期达到峰值,且显著(P<0.05)高于对照;P-香豆酰含量表现出先上升后下降的趋势,在开花期达到峰值,总多酚和阿魏酸都显著(P<0.05)上升;PAL、PPO、LOX 3种酶的活性与对照相比都显著(P<0.05)升高。O_3浓度升高会诱导大豆叶片内PAL和PPO活性增强,进而增加叶片内黄酮类和多酚类物质的含量,提高大豆叶片抗氧化性,抵抗O_3的伤害。但随着O_3熏蒸时间的延长,大豆抗氧化性下降,导致籽粒产量下降。展开更多
Forests and grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions receive high-intensity ultraviolet（UV） radiation year-round. However, how the UV radiation affects the litter decomposition on the forest floor remains unclear. H...Forests and grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions receive high-intensity ultraviolet（UV） radiation year-round. However, how the UV radiation affects the litter decomposition on the forest floor remains unclear. Here, we conducted a field-based experiment in 2011 in the southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China, to investigate the effects of UV radiation, litter layer thickness, and their interaction on the mass loss and chemical properties of decomposing litter from Xiaozhuan poplar（Populus × xiaozhuanica） and Mongolian pine（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） plantation trees. We found that UV radiation accelerated the decomposition rates of both the Xiaozhuan poplar litter and Mongolian pine litter. For both species, the thick-layered litter had a lower mass loss than the thin-layered litter. The interaction between UV radiation and litter layer thickness significantly affected the litter mass loss of both tree species. However, the effects of UV radiation on the chemical properties of decomposing litter differed between the two species, which may be attributed to the contrasting initial leaf litter chemical properties and morphology. UV radiation mostly had positive effects on the lignin concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter, while it had negative effects on the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Moreover, litter layer thickness and its interaction with UV radiation showed mostly positive effects on the N concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the ratios of C/N and lignin/N of Mongolian pine litter, and mostly negative effects on the C/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Together, these results reveal the important roles played by UV radiation and litter layer thickness in the process of litter decomposition in this semi-arid region, and highlight how changes in the litter layer thickness can exert strong influences on the photodegradation of litter in tree plantations.展开更多
文摘为了解喀斯特地区树种适应水分亏缺生境的内在机制,选择广西弄岗喀斯特森林9种主要树种,分析树种间水力结构及相关性状的差异及相关性。结果显示:供试9种树种间的最大边材比导率、最大叶片比导率、胡伯尔值、木质部导管直径及木材密度存在极显著(P<0.01)差异,其中,海南椴〔Diplodiscus trichospermus(Merrill)Y.Tang〕的最大边材比导率、最大叶片比导率以及木质部导管直径均最大,但胡伯尔值和木材密度最小。干季和湿季,供试9种树种间木质部导水率丧失百分比(PLC)均存在极显著差异,且金丝李(Garcinia paucinervis Chun et How)的PLC值均最高,分别为44.39%和38.92%。除闭花木〔Cleistanthus sumatranus(Miq.)Muell.Arg.〕、海南椴和淡黄金花茶(Camellia flavida Chang)外,其他6种树种PLC值在干季和湿季间无显著(P>0.05)差异,表明喀斯特地区树种耐干旱能力普遍较强。相关性分析结果表明:单叶叶面积与最大边材比导率、木质部导管直径和叶片净光合速率呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)正相关,但与木材密度呈极显著负相关。综上所述,喀斯特地区木材密度较大的树种虽然耐旱性较强,但木质部水分运输效率会降低,进而使叶片净光合速率降低;反之,木材密度较小的树种虽然有利于木质部水分运输效率提高及碳固定,但是其耐旱性降低;水力结构功能特征间的关系既存在协同也存在一定的权衡。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270668,41373038)the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB416902)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M601342)
文摘Forests and grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions receive high-intensity ultraviolet（UV） radiation year-round. However, how the UV radiation affects the litter decomposition on the forest floor remains unclear. Here, we conducted a field-based experiment in 2011 in the southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China, to investigate the effects of UV radiation, litter layer thickness, and their interaction on the mass loss and chemical properties of decomposing litter from Xiaozhuan poplar（Populus × xiaozhuanica） and Mongolian pine（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） plantation trees. We found that UV radiation accelerated the decomposition rates of both the Xiaozhuan poplar litter and Mongolian pine litter. For both species, the thick-layered litter had a lower mass loss than the thin-layered litter. The interaction between UV radiation and litter layer thickness significantly affected the litter mass loss of both tree species. However, the effects of UV radiation on the chemical properties of decomposing litter differed between the two species, which may be attributed to the contrasting initial leaf litter chemical properties and morphology. UV radiation mostly had positive effects on the lignin concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter, while it had negative effects on the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Moreover, litter layer thickness and its interaction with UV radiation showed mostly positive effects on the N concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the ratios of C/N and lignin/N of Mongolian pine litter, and mostly negative effects on the C/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Together, these results reveal the important roles played by UV radiation and litter layer thickness in the process of litter decomposition in this semi-arid region, and highlight how changes in the litter layer thickness can exert strong influences on the photodegradation of litter in tree plantations.
