Indian medicinal plants are referred to as the“nectar of life”owing to their phytochemicals and bioactive complexes that are beneficial in treating diseases.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global health issue...Indian medicinal plants are referred to as the“nectar of life”owing to their phytochemicals and bioactive complexes that are beneficial in treating diseases.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global health issue without any proper medication.The indigenous plants of India can be exploited to control the precise signs of SARS-CoV-2.The Ministry of AYUSH(Ayurveda,Yoga and Naturopathy,Unani,Siddha,and Homeopathy)has advised routine usage of medicinal plants for COVID-19.Medicinal plants like Zingiber officinalis,Azadirachta indica,Ocimum sanctum,Nigella sativa,Withania somnifera,Curcuma longa,Piper nigrum,Allium sativum,Tinospora cordifolia,etc.have immunity-boosting,antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that can suppress and treat symptoms of COVID-19.In vitro,in vivo as well as in silico validation,these phytochemicals can help us to manage and treat COVID-19 disease.This integration of traditional knowledge in the prophylaxis of corona infection and current skills validating it for the development of precise and powerful therapeutic approaches will more efficiently resolve different clinical aspects of COVID-19.The review focuses on both traditional and emergent methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 with various Indian medicinal plants along with their phytochemicals.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and e...This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and eucalyptol(EUCA)—on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota.An in vitro batch fermentation experiment(Exp.1)tested the addition of all of the substances(2 essential oils and 3 compounds)in fermentation bottles(120 mL)at 48 h of incubation,whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment(Exp.2)evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters(2 L)for a longer incubation period(9 d).In both experiments,total mixed rations were incubated with the additives,and samples without additives were included as the control(CTR).Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp.1 and 2,respectively.Gas production(GP)in Exp.1 was similar for all of the treatments,and short chain volatile fatty acid(SCFA)production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced(P=0.029)due to EUCA addition in Exp.2.Compared to CTR,BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion(P=0.04)in Exp.1,and increased(P<0.01)the acetate proportion in Exp.2.All treatments increased(P<0.01)total protozoa counts(+36.7%and+48.4%compared to CTR on average for Exp.1 and 2,respectively).In Exp.1,all of the treatments lowered the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased the Proteobacteria relative abundances(P<0.05),whereas in Exp.2,the EUCA addition increased(P=0.012)the Ruminococcus.In Exp.1,methane(CH4)as a proportion of the GP was lowered(P=0.004)by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR,whereas in Exp.2,EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH4 compared to CTR.Overall,essential oils extracted from A.moschata and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation,except for EUCA in Exp.2.In both experiments,an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.展开更多
文摘Indian medicinal plants are referred to as the“nectar of life”owing to their phytochemicals and bioactive complexes that are beneficial in treating diseases.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global health issue without any proper medication.The indigenous plants of India can be exploited to control the precise signs of SARS-CoV-2.The Ministry of AYUSH(Ayurveda,Yoga and Naturopathy,Unani,Siddha,and Homeopathy)has advised routine usage of medicinal plants for COVID-19.Medicinal plants like Zingiber officinalis,Azadirachta indica,Ocimum sanctum,Nigella sativa,Withania somnifera,Curcuma longa,Piper nigrum,Allium sativum,Tinospora cordifolia,etc.have immunity-boosting,antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that can suppress and treat symptoms of COVID-19.In vitro,in vivo as well as in silico validation,these phytochemicals can help us to manage and treat COVID-19 disease.This integration of traditional knowledge in the prophylaxis of corona infection and current skills validating it for the development of precise and powerful therapeutic approaches will more efficiently resolve different clinical aspects of COVID-19.The review focuses on both traditional and emergent methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 with various Indian medicinal plants along with their phytochemicals.
基金the grant of the University of Milan PSR Azione A for the Project“Composti fitochimici nell'alimentazione della bovina da latte:valore nutritivo,produzione di metano e microbiota ruminale”“FITORUMIN”Part of this work(Exp.2)was also financed by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(PRIN 20152015FP39B9-LS9).
文摘This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and eucalyptol(EUCA)—on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota.An in vitro batch fermentation experiment(Exp.1)tested the addition of all of the substances(2 essential oils and 3 compounds)in fermentation bottles(120 mL)at 48 h of incubation,whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment(Exp.2)evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters(2 L)for a longer incubation period(9 d).In both experiments,total mixed rations were incubated with the additives,and samples without additives were included as the control(CTR).Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp.1 and 2,respectively.Gas production(GP)in Exp.1 was similar for all of the treatments,and short chain volatile fatty acid(SCFA)production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced(P=0.029)due to EUCA addition in Exp.2.Compared to CTR,BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion(P=0.04)in Exp.1,and increased(P<0.01)the acetate proportion in Exp.2.All treatments increased(P<0.01)total protozoa counts(+36.7%and+48.4%compared to CTR on average for Exp.1 and 2,respectively).In Exp.1,all of the treatments lowered the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased the Proteobacteria relative abundances(P<0.05),whereas in Exp.2,the EUCA addition increased(P=0.012)the Ruminococcus.In Exp.1,methane(CH4)as a proportion of the GP was lowered(P=0.004)by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR,whereas in Exp.2,EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH4 compared to CTR.Overall,essential oils extracted from A.moschata and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation,except for EUCA in Exp.2.In both experiments,an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.
