BACKGROUND Extramedullary hematopoiesis rarely occurs within the liver alone,and is easily misdiagnosed.The radiological literature on this disease is exclusively case reports.There is a paucity of literature on the r...BACKGROUND Extramedullary hematopoiesis rarely occurs within the liver alone,and is easily misdiagnosed.The radiological literature on this disease is exclusively case reports.There is a paucity of literature on the role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The most common imaging modalities used are computed tomography and ultrasound.This report aims to provide more data on the appearance of extramedullary hematopoiesis using MRI to help radiologists establish the diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY Three patients(one male and two females)were incidentally found to have a hepatic mass or nodule,without hepatomegaly or splenomegaly.Laboratory tests including liver function,serum hepatic tumor markers,and hepatitis serologic markers were normal.On MRI scans,all lesions showed lower signal intensity on in-phase images than on out-phase images.One case showed changes in signal intensity on T2 weighted images(WI)and diffusion WI,which shifted from hyperintensity to hypointensity with size enlargement between two rounds of imaging examination.These lesions exhibited different enhancement patterns on dynamic contrast enhancement series.CONCLUSION The MRI signal change and in-/out-phase image might provide useful information and help radiologists establish the diagnosis of intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis.展开更多
Understanding the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition and characteristics of different water bodies in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is of significance for revealing regional hydrological processes and wa...Understanding the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition and characteristics of different water bodies in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is of significance for revealing regional hydrological processes and water cycle mechanisms.In this study,we analyzed the stable isotopic composition,relationship and indicative significance of precipitation,soil water(0~100 cm depth)and xylem water of Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)forest in the eastern Qilian Mountains,and explored the circulation process among different water bodies.The results show that the stable isotopes of precipitation vary greatly during the entire observation period.The values ofδ2H andδ^(18)O in the precipitation in the warm season are richer than those in the cold season,and the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL,δ2H=6.79δ18O+7.13)are both smaller than global meteoric water line(GMWL,δ2H=8.17δ18O+10.56).The stable isotopes of soil water at different depths underwent different degrees of evaporative fractionation,and theδ18O andδ2H of shallow soil water varied greatly,while the deep soil water tended to be similar.The topsoil(0~10 cm)can respond quickly to precipitation,and the response of the deep soil has a time lag.In the whole growing season,0~30 cm and 60~100 cm soil water are the main water sources of Qinghai spruce.The water source of Qinghai spruce was from all soil layers in May and September,mainly from the shallow soil layer(0~30 cm)in August and October,and mainly from the deep soil layer(60~100 cm)in June and July.展开更多
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) play an important role in host immune responses to infectious pathogens, and influence organ transplantation, cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this study we conducted a high resolutio...Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) play an important role in host immune responses to infectious pathogens, and influence organ transplantation, cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this study we conducted a high resolution, sequence-based genotyping of HLA class I and class II genes of more than 2000 women from Kenya, eastern Tanzania and southern Uganda around Lake Victoria and analyzed their allele, phenotype and haplotype frequencies. A considerable genetic diversity was observed at both class I and II loci. A total of 79 HLA-A, 113 HLA-B, 53 HLA-C, 25 HLA-DPA1, 60 HLA-DPB1, 15 HLA-DQA1, 44 HLA-DQB1 and 38 HLA-DRB1 alleles have been identified. The most common class I alleles were A * 02:01:01 (10.90%), B * 58:02 (8.79%), and C * 06:02:01 (16.98%). The most common class II alleles were DPA1*01:03:01 (40.60%), DPB1 * 01:01:01 (23.45%), DQA1 * 01:02:01 (31.03%), DQB1 * 03:01:01 (21.79%), DRB1 * 11:01:02 (11.65%), DRB3 * 02:02:01 (31.65%), DRB4 * 01:01:01 (10.50%), and DRB5 * 01:01:01 (10.50%). Higher than expected homozygosity was observed at HLA-B (P = 0.022), DQA1 (P = 0.004), DQB1 (P = 0.023), and DRB1 (P = 0.0006) loci. The allele frequency distribution of this population is very similar to the ones observed in other sub-Saharan populations with the exception of lower frequencies of A * 23 (5.55% versus 11.21%) and DQA1 * 03 (4.79% versus 11.72%), and higher frequencies of DPB1 * 30 (2.26% versus 0.37%) and DRB1 * 11 (21.51% versus 15.89%). The knowledge of the diversity and allele/ phenotype frequencies of the HLA alleles of this east African population, can contribute to the understanding of how host genetic factors influence disease susceptibility and effective anti-retroviral treatment of HIV infections and future vaccine trials.展开更多
河北坝上地区地处东亚夏季风边缘,对气候变化响应敏感,是研究古气候环境演变的理想地区之一。本研究采用粒度端元模型分析方法对坝上地区2 m厚的典型风成砂-古土壤剖面沉积物粒度数据进行分离,同时结合粒度、磁化率和色度指标,探讨剖面...河北坝上地区地处东亚夏季风边缘,对气候变化响应敏感,是研究古气候环境演变的理想地区之一。本研究采用粒度端元模型分析方法对坝上地区2 m厚的典型风成砂-古土壤剖面沉积物粒度数据进行分离,同时结合粒度、磁化率和色度指标,探讨剖面沉积物各粒度端元所指示的环境意义以及坝上地区中全新世以来的环境演化过程。结果表明:1)白云湖剖面粒度组分分为3个端元,EM1代表区域暖湿气候背景下的风化成壤作用,间接指示区域的湿度状况;EM2代表区域风沙活动强度;EM3可能反映区域河流对基岩风化产物的搬运作用。2)研究区中晚全新世气候变化大致可以分为5个阶段:7.1 ka B. P.以前,风沙活动和河流搬运作用较强,气候表现为冷干特征;7.1~3.8 ka B. P.风沙活动减弱,气候温暖湿润,区域成壤作用加强;3.8~2.6 ka B. P.期间,气候波动频繁,处于暖湿-冷干过渡阶段;2.6~1.5 ka B. P.风沙活动增强;1.5 ka B. P.以来,气候由冷干向相对暖湿转变,成壤作用稍有加强。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Extramedullary hematopoiesis rarely occurs within the liver alone,and is easily misdiagnosed.The radiological literature on this disease is exclusively case reports.There is a paucity of literature on the role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The most common imaging modalities used are computed tomography and ultrasound.This report aims to provide more data on the appearance of extramedullary hematopoiesis using MRI to help radiologists establish the diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY Three patients(one male and two females)were incidentally found to have a hepatic mass or nodule,without hepatomegaly or splenomegaly.Laboratory tests including liver function,serum hepatic tumor markers,and hepatitis serologic markers were normal.On MRI scans,all lesions showed lower signal intensity on in-phase images than on out-phase images.One case showed changes in signal intensity on T2 weighted images(WI)and diffusion WI,which shifted from hyperintensity to hypointensity with size enlargement between two rounds of imaging examination.These lesions exhibited different enhancement patterns on dynamic contrast enhancement series.CONCLUSION The MRI signal change and in-/out-phase image might provide useful information and help radiologists establish the diagnosis of intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41761047,41861040 and 41861034).
文摘Understanding the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition and characteristics of different water bodies in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is of significance for revealing regional hydrological processes and water cycle mechanisms.In this study,we analyzed the stable isotopic composition,relationship and indicative significance of precipitation,soil water(0~100 cm depth)and xylem water of Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)forest in the eastern Qilian Mountains,and explored the circulation process among different water bodies.The results show that the stable isotopes of precipitation vary greatly during the entire observation period.The values ofδ2H andδ^(18)O in the precipitation in the warm season are richer than those in the cold season,and the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL,δ2H=6.79δ18O+7.13)are both smaller than global meteoric water line(GMWL,δ2H=8.17δ18O+10.56).The stable isotopes of soil water at different depths underwent different degrees of evaporative fractionation,and theδ18O andδ2H of shallow soil water varied greatly,while the deep soil water tended to be similar.The topsoil(0~10 cm)can respond quickly to precipitation,and the response of the deep soil has a time lag.In the whole growing season,0~30 cm and 60~100 cm soil water are the main water sources of Qinghai spruce.The water source of Qinghai spruce was from all soil layers in May and September,mainly from the shallow soil layer(0~30 cm)in August and October,and mainly from the deep soil layer(60~100 cm)in June and July.
文摘Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) play an important role in host immune responses to infectious pathogens, and influence organ transplantation, cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this study we conducted a high resolution, sequence-based genotyping of HLA class I and class II genes of more than 2000 women from Kenya, eastern Tanzania and southern Uganda around Lake Victoria and analyzed their allele, phenotype and haplotype frequencies. A considerable genetic diversity was observed at both class I and II loci. A total of 79 HLA-A, 113 HLA-B, 53 HLA-C, 25 HLA-DPA1, 60 HLA-DPB1, 15 HLA-DQA1, 44 HLA-DQB1 and 38 HLA-DRB1 alleles have been identified. The most common class I alleles were A * 02:01:01 (10.90%), B * 58:02 (8.79%), and C * 06:02:01 (16.98%). The most common class II alleles were DPA1*01:03:01 (40.60%), DPB1 * 01:01:01 (23.45%), DQA1 * 01:02:01 (31.03%), DQB1 * 03:01:01 (21.79%), DRB1 * 11:01:02 (11.65%), DRB3 * 02:02:01 (31.65%), DRB4 * 01:01:01 (10.50%), and DRB5 * 01:01:01 (10.50%). Higher than expected homozygosity was observed at HLA-B (P = 0.022), DQA1 (P = 0.004), DQB1 (P = 0.023), and DRB1 (P = 0.0006) loci. The allele frequency distribution of this population is very similar to the ones observed in other sub-Saharan populations with the exception of lower frequencies of A * 23 (5.55% versus 11.21%) and DQA1 * 03 (4.79% versus 11.72%), and higher frequencies of DPB1 * 30 (2.26% versus 0.37%) and DRB1 * 11 (21.51% versus 15.89%). The knowledge of the diversity and allele/ phenotype frequencies of the HLA alleles of this east African population, can contribute to the understanding of how host genetic factors influence disease susceptibility and effective anti-retroviral treatment of HIV infections and future vaccine trials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC）, the National Key Research and Development Project （Nos. 2016YFF0204402 and 2016YFC0801302）, the Program for Changjiang Scholars, and innovative Research Team in the University, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the long term subsidy mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of China. S. S. gratefully acknowledges Villum Foundation.
文摘镍铁分层的双氢氧化物(NiFe-LDH ) nanosheets 显示出最佳的氧进化反应(OER ) 性能；然而，在 OER 活动的设置的离子的角色仍然保持不清楚。在这个工作，我们证明 NiFe-LDHs 的活动能被设置的阴离子与不同氧化还原作用潜力定制。而 NiFe-LDHs 与高氧化还原作用潜力(低减少能力)的阴离子设置了，有低氧化还原作用潜力(高减少能力)的阴离子的置闰例如次磷酸盐，与 240 mV 的低 OER 过电位和 36.9 mV/dec 的一个小 Tafel 斜坡导致 NiFe-LDHs ，例如 fluorion ，显示出 370 mV 的高过电位和 80.8 mV/dec 的一个 Tafel 斜坡。OER 活动与标准氧化还原作用潜力显示出令人吃惊的线性关联。密度功能的理论计算和 X 光检查光电子光谱学分析显示设置的阴离子改变在表面暴露了的金属原子的电子结构。有低标准氧化还原作用潜力和强壮的减少能力的阴离子把更多的电子转移到氢氧化物层。这增加表面金属地点的电子密度并且稳定他们的高原子价的状态，其形成在 OER 过程以前作为关键步被知道。
文摘河北坝上地区地处东亚夏季风边缘,对气候变化响应敏感,是研究古气候环境演变的理想地区之一。本研究采用粒度端元模型分析方法对坝上地区2 m厚的典型风成砂-古土壤剖面沉积物粒度数据进行分离,同时结合粒度、磁化率和色度指标,探讨剖面沉积物各粒度端元所指示的环境意义以及坝上地区中全新世以来的环境演化过程。结果表明:1)白云湖剖面粒度组分分为3个端元,EM1代表区域暖湿气候背景下的风化成壤作用,间接指示区域的湿度状况;EM2代表区域风沙活动强度;EM3可能反映区域河流对基岩风化产物的搬运作用。2)研究区中晚全新世气候变化大致可以分为5个阶段:7.1 ka B. P.以前,风沙活动和河流搬运作用较强,气候表现为冷干特征;7.1~3.8 ka B. P.风沙活动减弱,气候温暖湿润,区域成壤作用加强;3.8~2.6 ka B. P.期间,气候波动频繁,处于暖湿-冷干过渡阶段;2.6~1.5 ka B. P.风沙活动增强;1.5 ka B. P.以来,气候由冷干向相对暖湿转变,成壤作用稍有加强。
