Oncolytic virus(OV)is increasingly being recognized as a novel vector in cancer immunotherapy.Increasing evidence suggests that OV has the ability to change the immune status of tumor microenvironment,so called transf...Oncolytic virus(OV)is increasingly being recognized as a novel vector in cancer immunotherapy.Increasing evidence suggests that OV has the ability to change the immune status of tumor microenvironment,so called transformation of‘cold’tumors into‘hot’tumors.The improved anti-tumor immunity can be induced by OV and further enhanced through the combination of various immunomodulators.The Neo-2/15 is a newly de novo synthesized cytokine that functions as both IL-2 and IL-15.However,it specifically lacks the binding site of IL-2 receptorαsubunit(CD25),therefore unable to induce the Treg proliferation.In present study,a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the Neo-2/15(VSVM51R-Neo-2/15)was generated.Intratumoral delivery of VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 efficiently inhibited tumor growth in mice without causing the IL-2-related toxicity previously observed in clinic.Moreover,treatment with VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 increased the number of activated CD8t T cells but not Treg cells in tumors.More tumor-bearing mice were survival with VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 treatment,and the surviving mice displayed enhanced protection against tumor cell rechallenge due to the induced anti-tumor immunity.In addition,combination therapy of OV and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors further enhanced the anti-tumor immune response.These findings suggest that our novel VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 can effectively inhibit the tumor growth and enhance the sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors,providing promising attempts for further clinical trials.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),as a class of crystalline porous polymers,featuring designable structures,tunable frameworks,well-defined channels,and tailorable functionalities,have emerged as promising organic ele...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),as a class of crystalline porous polymers,featuring designable structures,tunable frameworks,well-defined channels,and tailorable functionalities,have emerged as promising organic electrode materials for rechargeable metal-ion batteries in recent years.Tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the electrochemical performance of COFs.However,although significant achievements have been made,the electrochemical behaviors of developed COFs are far away from the desirable performance for practical batteries owing to intrinsic problems,such as poor electronic conductivity,the trade-off relationship between capacity and redox potential,and unfavorable micromorphology.In this review,the recent progress in the development of COFs for rechargeable metal-ion batteries is presented,including Li,Na,K,and Zn ion batteries.Various research strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of COFs are summarized in terms of the molecular-level design and the material-level modification.Finally,the major challenges and perspectives of COFs are also discussed in the aspect of large-scale production and electrochemical performance improvements.展开更多
Co-free Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides are promising candidates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high specific capacity,high voltage,low cost.However,their commercialization is hindered by ...Co-free Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides are promising candidates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high specific capacity,high voltage,low cost.However,their commercialization is hindered by limited cycle life and poor rate performance.Herein,an in-situ simple and low-cost strategy with a nanoscale double-layer architecture of lithium polyphosphate(LiPP)and spinel phase covered on top of the bulk layered phase,is developed for Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.6)Ni_(0.2)O_(2)(LMNO)using Li^(+)-conductor LiPP(denoted as LMNO@S-LiPP).With such a double-layer covered architecture,the half-cell of LMNO@S-LiPP delivers an extremely high capacity of 202.5 mAh·g^(−1)at 1 A·g^(−1)and retains 85.3%of the initial capacity after 300 cycles,so far,the best highrate electrochemical performance of all the previously reported LMNOs.The energy density of the full-cell assembled with commercial graphite reaches 620.9 Wh·kg^(−1)(based on total weight of active materials in cathode and anode).Mechanism studies indicate that the superior electrochemical performance of LMNO@S-LiPP is originated from such a nanoscale double-layer covered architecture,which accelerates Li-ion diffusion,restrains oxygen release,inhibits interfacial side reactions,suppresses structural degradation during cycling.Moreover,this strategy is applicable for other high-energy-density cathodes,such as LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)O_(2),LiCoO_(2).Hence,this work presents a simple,cost-effective,scalable strategy for the development of high-performance cathode materials.展开更多
The adoptive transfer of engineered chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells has yielded impressive clinical results for targeting hematological cancers.1 However,the advancement of CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors rem...The adoptive transfer of engineered chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells has yielded impressive clinical results for targeting hematological cancers.1 However,the advancement of CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors remains limited,due to the scarcity of tumor antigens that are deemed safe for targeting.Moreover,the requirement of patient-specific autologous T cells for the current standard treatment has also hampered its application.Oncolytic virus(OV)therapy has been classified as another form of novel immunotherapy.展开更多
Lithium-rich layered oxide(LLO)cathode materials have drawn extensive attention due to their ultrahigh specific capacity and energy density.However,their commercialization is still restricted by their low initial coul...Lithium-rich layered oxide(LLO)cathode materials have drawn extensive attention due to their ultrahigh specific capacity and energy density.However,their commercialization is still restricted by their low initial coulombic efficiency,slow intrinsic kinetics and structural instability.Herein,a facile surface treatment strategy via gaseous phosphine was designed to improve the rate performance and capacity stability of LLOs.During the solid-gas reaction,phosphine reacted with active oxygen at the surface of LLOs due to its reductivity,forming oxygen vacancies and spinel phase at the surface region.As a result,Li ion conductivity and structural stability were greatly enhanced.The phosphinetreated LLOs(LLO@P)showed a layered-spinel hybrid structure and delivered an outstanding rate performance of156.7 mA h g^-1 at 10 C and a high capacity retention of 74%after 300 cycles at 5 C.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have been broadly investigated for energy storage systems.However,many COF-based anode materials suffer from low utilization of redox-active sites and sluggish ions/electrons transport...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have been broadly investigated for energy storage systems.However,many COF-based anode materials suffer from low utilization of redox-active sites and sluggish ions/electrons transport caused by their densely stacked layers.Thus,it is still a great challenge to obtain COF-based anode materials with fast ions/electrons transport and thus superior rate performance.Herein,a redox-active piperazine-terephthalaldehyde(PA-TA)COF with ultra-large interlayer distance is designed and synthesized for high-rate anode material,which contains piperazine units adopting a chair-shaped conformation with the nonplanar linkages of a tetrahedral configuration.This unique structure renders PA-TA COF an ultra-large interlayer distance of 6.2Å,and further enables it to achieve outstanding rate and cycling performance.With a high specific capacity of 543 mAh·g^(−1) even after 400 cycles at 1.0 A·g^(−1),it still could afford a specific capacity of 207 mAh·g^(−1) even at a high current density of 5.0 A·g^(−1).Our study indicates that expanding the interlayer distance of COFs by rational molecular design would be of great importance to develop high-rate electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
文摘Oncolytic virus(OV)is increasingly being recognized as a novel vector in cancer immunotherapy.Increasing evidence suggests that OV has the ability to change the immune status of tumor microenvironment,so called transformation of‘cold’tumors into‘hot’tumors.The improved anti-tumor immunity can be induced by OV and further enhanced through the combination of various immunomodulators.The Neo-2/15 is a newly de novo synthesized cytokine that functions as both IL-2 and IL-15.However,it specifically lacks the binding site of IL-2 receptorαsubunit(CD25),therefore unable to induce the Treg proliferation.In present study,a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the Neo-2/15(VSVM51R-Neo-2/15)was generated.Intratumoral delivery of VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 efficiently inhibited tumor growth in mice without causing the IL-2-related toxicity previously observed in clinic.Moreover,treatment with VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 increased the number of activated CD8t T cells but not Treg cells in tumors.More tumor-bearing mice were survival with VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 treatment,and the surviving mice displayed enhanced protection against tumor cell rechallenge due to the induced anti-tumor immunity.In addition,combination therapy of OV and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors further enhanced the anti-tumor immune response.These findings suggest that our novel VSVM51R-Neo-2/15 can effectively inhibit the tumor growth and enhance the sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors,providing promising attempts for further clinical trials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22209155。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),as a class of crystalline porous polymers,featuring designable structures,tunable frameworks,well-defined channels,and tailorable functionalities,have emerged as promising organic electrode materials for rechargeable metal-ion batteries in recent years.Tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the electrochemical performance of COFs.However,although significant achievements have been made,the electrochemical behaviors of developed COFs are far away from the desirable performance for practical batteries owing to intrinsic problems,such as poor electronic conductivity,the trade-off relationship between capacity and redox potential,and unfavorable micromorphology.In this review,the recent progress in the development of COFs for rechargeable metal-ion batteries is presented,including Li,Na,K,and Zn ion batteries.Various research strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of COFs are summarized in terms of the molecular-level design and the material-level modification.Finally,the major challenges and perspectives of COFs are also discussed in the aspect of large-scale production and electrochemical performance improvements.
基金the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MoST,No.52090034)the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(No.B12015).
文摘Co-free Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides are promising candidates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high specific capacity,high voltage,low cost.However,their commercialization is hindered by limited cycle life and poor rate performance.Herein,an in-situ simple and low-cost strategy with a nanoscale double-layer architecture of lithium polyphosphate(LiPP)and spinel phase covered on top of the bulk layered phase,is developed for Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.6)Ni_(0.2)O_(2)(LMNO)using Li^(+)-conductor LiPP(denoted as LMNO@S-LiPP).With such a double-layer covered architecture,the half-cell of LMNO@S-LiPP delivers an extremely high capacity of 202.5 mAh·g^(−1)at 1 A·g^(−1)and retains 85.3%of the initial capacity after 300 cycles,so far,the best highrate electrochemical performance of all the previously reported LMNOs.The energy density of the full-cell assembled with commercial graphite reaches 620.9 Wh·kg^(−1)(based on total weight of active materials in cathode and anode).Mechanism studies indicate that the superior electrochemical performance of LMNO@S-LiPP is originated from such a nanoscale double-layer covered architecture,which accelerates Li-ion diffusion,restrains oxygen release,inhibits interfacial side reactions,suppresses structural degradation during cycling.Moreover,this strategy is applicable for other high-energy-density cathodes,such as LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)O_(2),LiCoO_(2).Hence,this work presents a simple,cost-effective,scalable strategy for the development of high-performance cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470848,31470880,31670898,81802083 and 31870867)State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Foundation(SKLVBF201916)Jiangsu Provincial Innovative Research Team,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The adoptive transfer of engineered chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells has yielded impressive clinical results for targeting hematological cancers.1 However,the advancement of CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors remains limited,due to the scarcity of tumor antigens that are deemed safe for targeting.Moreover,the requirement of patient-specific autologous T cells for the current standard treatment has also hampered its application.Oncolytic virus(OV)therapy has been classified as another form of novel immunotherapy.
基金financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MoST,2016YFA0200200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,21421001 and 51633002)+1 种基金Tianjin city(16ZXCLGX00100)111 Project(B12015)。
文摘Lithium-rich layered oxide(LLO)cathode materials have drawn extensive attention due to their ultrahigh specific capacity and energy density.However,their commercialization is still restricted by their low initial coulombic efficiency,slow intrinsic kinetics and structural instability.Herein,a facile surface treatment strategy via gaseous phosphine was designed to improve the rate performance and capacity stability of LLOs.During the solid-gas reaction,phosphine reacted with active oxygen at the surface of LLOs due to its reductivity,forming oxygen vacancies and spinel phase at the surface region.As a result,Li ion conductivity and structural stability were greatly enhanced.The phosphinetreated LLOs(LLO@P)showed a layered-spinel hybrid structure and delivered an outstanding rate performance of156.7 mA h g^-1 at 10 C and a high capacity retention of 74%after 300 cycles at 5 C.
基金the financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.52090034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51633002)Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(No.B12015).
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have been broadly investigated for energy storage systems.However,many COF-based anode materials suffer from low utilization of redox-active sites and sluggish ions/electrons transport caused by their densely stacked layers.Thus,it is still a great challenge to obtain COF-based anode materials with fast ions/electrons transport and thus superior rate performance.Herein,a redox-active piperazine-terephthalaldehyde(PA-TA)COF with ultra-large interlayer distance is designed and synthesized for high-rate anode material,which contains piperazine units adopting a chair-shaped conformation with the nonplanar linkages of a tetrahedral configuration.This unique structure renders PA-TA COF an ultra-large interlayer distance of 6.2Å,and further enables it to achieve outstanding rate and cycling performance.With a high specific capacity of 543 mAh·g^(−1) even after 400 cycles at 1.0 A·g^(−1),it still could afford a specific capacity of 207 mAh·g^(−1) even at a high current density of 5.0 A·g^(−1).Our study indicates that expanding the interlayer distance of COFs by rational molecular design would be of great importance to develop high-rate electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
