Although the high degree of non-monophyly and parallel evolution has long been acknowledged within the mazaediate Caliciaceae(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota),a natural re-classification of the group has not yet been accom...Although the high degree of non-monophyly and parallel evolution has long been acknowledged within the mazaediate Caliciaceae(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota),a natural re-classification of the group has not yet been accomplished.Here we constructed a multigene phylogeny of the Caliciaceae-Physciaceae clade in order to resolve the detailed relationships within the group,to propose a revised classification,and to perform a dating study.The few characters present in the available fossil and the complex character evolution of the group affects the interpretation of morphological traits and thus influences the assignment of the fossil to specific nodes in the phylogeny,when divergence time analyses are carried out.Alternative fossil assignments resulted in very different time estimates and the comparison with the analysis based on a secondary calibration demonstrates that the most likely placement of the fossil is close to a terminal node rather than a basal placement in the Calicium clade.Our dating analysis show two successive events giving rise to main clades of mazaediate taxa within the Caliciaceae,in the Upper-Lower Cretaceous boundary and in the Paleocene.As a result of this study,Cyphelium is synonymized with Calicium,Acolium is resurrected,and the new genera Allocalicium and Pseudothelomma are described.Twelve new combinations are proposed:Acolium karelicum,Acolium marcianum,Allocalicium adaequatum,Calicium carolinianum,Calicium lecideinum,Calicium lucidum,Calicium notarisii,Calicium pinicola,Calicium trachyliodes,Pseudothelomma occidentale,Pseudothelomma ocellatum and Thelomma brunneum.A key for the mazaedium-producing Caliciaceae is included.展开更多
Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera ...Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended.New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera.The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic names.In order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single document.The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are lichen-forming.Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are provided.The notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since 2008.This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic names.This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae.Four species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations.Catenomycopsis Tibell&Constant.is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain.,while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces.&De Not.(Art.59).展开更多
Here,we show that Lichinodium(Lichinaceae,Lichinomycetes,Ascomycota)constitutes a formerly unrecognized lineage within the Leotiomycetes,thus being the first lichenized lineage recognized in the superclass Sordariomyc...Here,we show that Lichinodium(Lichinaceae,Lichinomycetes,Ascomycota)constitutes a formerly unrecognized lineage within the Leotiomycetes,thus being the first lichenized lineage recognized in the superclass Sordariomyceta(Leotiomycetes,Laboulbeniomycetes and Sordariomycetes).To infer the position of Lichinodium,we constructed two multilocus phylogenies based on six and five gene regions(nuLSU rDNA,nuSSU rDNA,mtSSU rDNA,RPB1,RPB2 and MCM7)including main Pezizomycotina groups in the first analysis and focusing secondly on a comprehensive selection of Sordariomyceta.The results show that Lichinodium is sister to Leotiaceae.We discuss the morphological and ecological similarities between Lichinodium and other Leotiomycetes,and describe the new order Lichinodiales and family Lichinodiaceae.The sister relationship between Sordariomycetes and Laboulbeniomycetes is here supported as it is the relationship between this clade and the Leotiomycetes.The results also support the polyphyly of Helotiales,the recognition of the Leotiales in a strict sense or the inclusion of the Triblidiales in Leotiomycetes.The photobionts of Lichinodium were sequenced for two genetic markers(rbcLX and 16S rDNA)and identified as Rhizonema,a recently described genus of filamentous cyanobacteria belonging to Nostocaceae.TEM studies revealed that the mycobiont-cyanobiont interface in Lichinodium does not produce haustoria,thus differing from a typical Lichinomycete(e.g.Ephebe).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council(VR 621-2009-5372 and VR 621-2012-3990)。
文摘Although the high degree of non-monophyly and parallel evolution has long been acknowledged within the mazaediate Caliciaceae(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota),a natural re-classification of the group has not yet been accomplished.Here we constructed a multigene phylogeny of the Caliciaceae-Physciaceae clade in order to resolve the detailed relationships within the group,to propose a revised classification,and to perform a dating study.The few characters present in the available fossil and the complex character evolution of the group affects the interpretation of morphological traits and thus influences the assignment of the fossil to specific nodes in the phylogeny,when divergence time analyses are carried out.Alternative fossil assignments resulted in very different time estimates and the comparison with the analysis based on a secondary calibration demonstrates that the most likely placement of the fossil is close to a terminal node rather than a basal placement in the Calicium clade.Our dating analysis show two successive events giving rise to main clades of mazaediate taxa within the Caliciaceae,in the Upper-Lower Cretaceous boundary and in the Paleocene.As a result of this study,Cyphelium is synonymized with Calicium,Acolium is resurrected,and the new genera Allocalicium and Pseudothelomma are described.Twelve new combinations are proposed:Acolium karelicum,Acolium marcianum,Allocalicium adaequatum,Calicium carolinianum,Calicium lecideinum,Calicium lucidum,Calicium notarisii,Calicium pinicola,Calicium trachyliodes,Pseudothelomma occidentale,Pseudothelomma ocellatum and Thelomma brunneum.A key for the mazaedium-producing Caliciaceae is included.
基金Acknowledgements Nalin Wijayawardene would like to thank Lechat Christian,Yuanpin Xiao,Danushka Sandaruwan,Paul Mungai,Huang Zhang,Ishani Goonasekara,Chada Norphanphoun,Ishara Manawasingha,Rajesh Jeewon,Thilini Chethana and Hasini Ekanayaka for their assistances and suggestions.We would like to thank Mark Stadler for his help to check names in Xylariales.Nalin Wijayawardene and Pedro Crous thank Ulrike Damm for her comments and suggestions for validating several names.K.D.Hyde thanks The Chinese Academy of Sciences,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.K.D.Hyde and Monika C.Dayarathne would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)grant no RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)entitled Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice(Grant number:60201000201)Mae Fah Luang University grant"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae"(Grant number:592010200112)+9 种基金Hugo Madrid was funded by Comisio´n Nacional de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica y Tecnolo´gica(CONICYT)Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientı´fico y Tecnolo´gico(FONDECYT),Chile,project no.11140562."Rafael F.Castan˜eda-Ruiz is grateful to the Organizacio´n Superior de Direccio´n Empresarial,Grupo Agrı´cola,(OSDE)from the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and"Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal",project P131LH003033.Dong Qin Dai would like to thank the Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and plants on Yun-Gui Plateau for the support.Ka-Lai Pang thanks Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan for financial support(105-2621-B-019-002-)Guo Zhu Zhao was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31570019)Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS26291084 and 16K07474)Walter P.Pfliegler was supported through the U´NKP-16-4-IV New National Excellence Program of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security funded postdoctoral project(number 179122)for supporting his postdoctoral research study.The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.KC Rajeshkumar thanks SERB,DST,Government of India for providing financial support under the project YSS/2015/001590Dr.K.M.Paknikar,Director,ARI for providing the facility.Mats Wedin thanks the Swedish Research Council,grants VR 621-2012-3990VR 2016-03589.Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013)L.Selbmann,L.Zucconi and S.Onofri thank the Italian National Program for Antarctic Researches(PNRA)for the financial support.The Italian National Antarctic Museum(MNA)is acknowledged for supporting the Mycological Section and the Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments(CCFEE).
文摘Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended.New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera.The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic names.In order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single document.The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are lichen-forming.Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are provided.The notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since 2008.This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic names.This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae.Four species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations.Catenomycopsis Tibell&Constant.is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain.,while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces.&De Not.(Art.59).
基金Grants 148/2012,144/2013 and 71/2015“Lichinomycetes i Sverige”from the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative(Svenska artprojektet)administered by the Swedish Species Information Center(ArtDatabanken)Grant 2016-03589 from the Swedish Research Council(VR).
文摘Here,we show that Lichinodium(Lichinaceae,Lichinomycetes,Ascomycota)constitutes a formerly unrecognized lineage within the Leotiomycetes,thus being the first lichenized lineage recognized in the superclass Sordariomyceta(Leotiomycetes,Laboulbeniomycetes and Sordariomycetes).To infer the position of Lichinodium,we constructed two multilocus phylogenies based on six and five gene regions(nuLSU rDNA,nuSSU rDNA,mtSSU rDNA,RPB1,RPB2 and MCM7)including main Pezizomycotina groups in the first analysis and focusing secondly on a comprehensive selection of Sordariomyceta.The results show that Lichinodium is sister to Leotiaceae.We discuss the morphological and ecological similarities between Lichinodium and other Leotiomycetes,and describe the new order Lichinodiales and family Lichinodiaceae.The sister relationship between Sordariomycetes and Laboulbeniomycetes is here supported as it is the relationship between this clade and the Leotiomycetes.The results also support the polyphyly of Helotiales,the recognition of the Leotiales in a strict sense or the inclusion of the Triblidiales in Leotiomycetes.The photobionts of Lichinodium were sequenced for two genetic markers(rbcLX and 16S rDNA)and identified as Rhizonema,a recently described genus of filamentous cyanobacteria belonging to Nostocaceae.TEM studies revealed that the mycobiont-cyanobiont interface in Lichinodium does not produce haustoria,thus differing from a typical Lichinomycete(e.g.Ephebe).
