In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole,the research herewith was a...In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole,the research herewith was aimed to confirm that oil obtained from compressing Sunan pecan seeds(Reutalis trisperma)is the suitable unedible raw oil material to be processed.By carrying out esterification and transesterification processes,the oil became biofuel which consists of various forms of long-chains components of fatty acid methyl ester(FAME).To make it usable for diesel engine,steps of further processes have been done,i.e.,purification and fractionation to produce FAME of single fatty acid components as well as selecting them by PROMETHEE method.The result showed that FAME with single unfractionated fatty acid components was closed to diesel oil characteristics and so the most appropriate biofuel for internal combustion engine.展开更多
Impertinent uses of moldboard plows for tillage on wetland paddy soils,as far more than a century,caused damage to its important hardpan layer of 20-30 cm soil depth that led to some extent,the decrease of rice produc...Impertinent uses of moldboard plows for tillage on wetland paddy soils,as far more than a century,caused damage to its important hardpan layer of 20-30 cm soil depth that led to some extent,the decrease of rice production than it should have been.The current study has been carried out to repair that damage to regain the“lost”of paddy yields by using the designed flat-symmetric plow that has a lift angle of 29°-30°.It is towed by a hand tractor of 12 horsepower(HP)at a travel speed of 1.11 m/s and a working depth of 10 cm in three blocks of a wetland paddy field in Bandung Sub-district of West-Java,Indonesia.Test results observed from the formed plow sole of 10-15 cm depth underneath after 3rd-time operations of the plow on the same track,indicated that there was a relatively small decrease of moisture content(MC)around 0.182%,as well as increases of cone index(CI)and bulk density(BD)around 0.172%and 0.171%,respectively.This plow was able to maintain,generate and stimulate the formation of hardpan right underneath the plow path.It was due to the improvement of hardpan physical-mechanical properties and would be more significant after frequent tillage using that plow.Hence,there is a chance to develop a tillage method in the development of an ideal wetland paddy cultivation system throughout Indonesian wetland paddy fields.展开更多
文摘In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole,the research herewith was aimed to confirm that oil obtained from compressing Sunan pecan seeds(Reutalis trisperma)is the suitable unedible raw oil material to be processed.By carrying out esterification and transesterification processes,the oil became biofuel which consists of various forms of long-chains components of fatty acid methyl ester(FAME).To make it usable for diesel engine,steps of further processes have been done,i.e.,purification and fractionation to produce FAME of single fatty acid components as well as selecting them by PROMETHEE method.The result showed that FAME with single unfractionated fatty acid components was closed to diesel oil characteristics and so the most appropriate biofuel for internal combustion engine.
文摘Impertinent uses of moldboard plows for tillage on wetland paddy soils,as far more than a century,caused damage to its important hardpan layer of 20-30 cm soil depth that led to some extent,the decrease of rice production than it should have been.The current study has been carried out to repair that damage to regain the“lost”of paddy yields by using the designed flat-symmetric plow that has a lift angle of 29°-30°.It is towed by a hand tractor of 12 horsepower(HP)at a travel speed of 1.11 m/s and a working depth of 10 cm in three blocks of a wetland paddy field in Bandung Sub-district of West-Java,Indonesia.Test results observed from the formed plow sole of 10-15 cm depth underneath after 3rd-time operations of the plow on the same track,indicated that there was a relatively small decrease of moisture content(MC)around 0.182%,as well as increases of cone index(CI)and bulk density(BD)around 0.172%and 0.171%,respectively.This plow was able to maintain,generate and stimulate the formation of hardpan right underneath the plow path.It was due to the improvement of hardpan physical-mechanical properties and would be more significant after frequent tillage using that plow.Hence,there is a chance to develop a tillage method in the development of an ideal wetland paddy cultivation system throughout Indonesian wetland paddy fields.
