BACKGROUND As a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, vasohibin 1(VASH1) is not only expressed in tumor stroma, but also in tumor tissue. Moreover, studies have shown that VASH1 may be a prognostic marker in colo...BACKGROUND As a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, vasohibin 1(VASH1) is not only expressed in tumor stroma, but also in tumor tissue. Moreover, studies have shown that VASH1 may be a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer(CRC). Knockdown of VASH1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad3 pathway activity and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen production. Our previous findings suggest that ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2) may play a tumor suppressor and protective role in the development and progression of CRC by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. However, the functional role and mechanism of VASH1-mediated TGF-β1 related pathway in CRC has not been elucidated.AIM To investigate the expression of VASH1 in CRC and its correlation with the expression of EAF2. Furthermore, we studied the functional role and mechanism of VASH1 involved in the regulation and protection of EAF2 in CRC cells in vitro.METHODS We collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein and VASH1 protein in patients with advanced CRC. Following, we investigated the effect and mechanism of EAF2 and VASH1 on the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS Our findings indicated that EAF2 was down-regulated and VASH1 was upregulated in advanced CRC tissue compared to normal colorectal tissue. KaplanMeier survival analysis showed that the higher EAF2 Level group and the lower VASH1 Level group had a higher survival rate. Overexpression of EAF2 might inhibit the activity of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway by up-regulating the expression of VASH1, and then weaken the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells.CONCLUSION This study suggests that EAF2 and VASH1 may serve as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC, and provide a clinical basis for exploring new biomarkers for CRC. This study complements the mechanism of EAF2 in CRC cells, enriches the role and mechanism of CRC cellderived VASH1, and provides a new possible subtype of CRC as a therapeutic target of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND We invented Endoscopic Ruler,a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler,and evalua...BACKGROUND We invented Endoscopic Ruler,a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler,and evaluate the agreement on identifying large oesophageal varices(OV)between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists,as well as the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler.METHODS We prospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with cirrhosis from 11 hospitals,all of whom got esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)with Endoscopic Ruler.The primary study outcome was a successful measurement of the size of varices using Endoscopic Ruler.The secondary outcomes included adverse events,operation time,the agreement of identifying large OV between the objective measurement of Endoscopic Ruler and the empirical reading of endoscopists,together with the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV by Endoscopic Ruler.RESULTS From November 2020 to April 2022,a total of 120 eligible patients with cirrhosis were recruited and all of them underwent EGD examinations with Endoscopic Ruler successfully without any adverse event.The median operation time of Endoscopic Ruler was 3.00 min[interquartile range(IQR):3.00 min].The kappa value between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists while detecting large OV was 0.52,demonstrating a moderate agreement.The kappa value for diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler among the six independent observers was 0.77,demonstrating a substantial agreement.CONCLUSION The data demonstrates that Endoscopic Ruler is feasible and safe for measuring the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Endoscopic Ruler is potential to promote the clinical practice of the two-grade classification system of OV.展开更多
BACKGROUND The androgen responsive gene,ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2),expressed in benign prostate tissues,has been shown to play an important role in tumor suppression in a variety of malignant tumors.In addition,som...BACKGROUND The androgen responsive gene,ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2),expressed in benign prostate tissues,has been shown to play an important role in tumor suppression in a variety of malignant tumors.In addition,some scholars found that EAF2 frameshift mutations are associated with intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer(CRC)and inactivation of EAF2 in microsatellite instability-high CRC.However,the molecular mechanism by which EAF2 is involved in CRC invasion and metastasis remains unclear.AIM To determine the clinical value of expression of EAF2 protein in CRC,and to study the effects of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro.METHODS In this study,we collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein in patients with advanced CRC.Subsequently,we investigated the effect of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS EAF2 protein was lowly expressed in cancer tissues of patients with advanced CRC.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high EAF2 level group was higher than that of the low EAF2 level group.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EAF2,as a tumor suppressor,may inhibit the invasion,metastasis,and angiogenesis of CRC cells by regulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/transforming growth factor-β1 crosstalk pathway,and play a cancer suppressive and protective role in the occurrence and development of CRC.Our findings are of great significance to provide a new idea and theoretical basis for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of CRC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness,as assessed by aortic ultrasound and pulse wave velocity,is associated with incident hypertension.However,there is still no consensus on whether the augmentation index(AI)affects new onse...BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness,as assessed by aortic ultrasound and pulse wave velocity,is associated with incident hypertension.However,there is still no consensus on whether the augmentation index(AI)affects new onset of hypertension.This study investigated the relationship of radial AI(r AI)and incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population without hypertension at baseline.METHOD A total of 1,615 Chinese non-hypertensive participants from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing,China were included in our analysis.Baseline r AI normalized to heart rate of 75 beats/min(r AIp75)was obtained using HEM-9000 AI.New-onset hypertension was defined as blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg or self-reported hypertension or taking anti-hypertensive medications at the follow up survey.Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the impact of r AIp75 on the risk of new-onset hypertension.RESULTS After a mean 2.35-year follow-up,213(13.19%)participants developed incident hypertension.No significant relation between r AIp75 and incident hypertension was observed in the whole population after adjustment for possible confounders(adjusted odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI):1.09[0.95-1.27];P=0.2260).However,r AIp75 was significantly associated with incident hypertension in women,but not in men(adjusted OR and 95%CI:1.29[1.06-1.56],P=0.0113 for women;0.91[0.72-1.15],P=0.4244 for men;P for interaction=0.0133).CONCLUSIONS Sex modified the effect of the r AI on incident hypertension in a Chinese,community-based,non-hypertensive population.Screening of the r AI could be considered in women with a high risk of hypertension for the purpose of primary intervention.展开更多
The conjugation of external species with twodimensional(2D)materials has broad application prospects.In this study,we have explored the potential of noble metal/2D MOF heterostructures in hydrogen storage.Specifically...The conjugation of external species with twodimensional(2D)materials has broad application prospects.In this study,we have explored the potential of noble metal/2D MOF heterostructures in hydrogen storage.Specifically,the MgH_(2)-Ni-MOF@Pd system has shown remarkable hydrogen desorption/sorption performances,starting to liberate hydrogen at 1810C,which is 2300C lower than that of pristine MgH2.Under the catalytic effect of Ni-MOF@Pd,the dehydrogenation apparent activation energy of MgH2 is noticeably decreased from(133.5±17.5)to(34.58±1.87)kJ·moL^(-1),and the hydrogenation apparent activation energy is reduced from(70.41±7.43)to(25.78±4.64)kJ·moL^(-1),which is lowered by 63.4%.The fully-dehydrogenated MgH2-NiMOF@Pd composite rapidly uptakes hydrogen,with 2.62wt%at 100℃and 6.06 wt%at 150℃within 300 s,respectively.The mechanism analysis of MgH2 catalyzed by Ni-MOF@Pd has revealed that the transformation of Mg_2Ni and Mg_2NiH_4 could act as a"hydrogen pump",providing numerous channels for fast diffusion and transport of hydrogen atoms.Moreover,in the dehydrogenation process,the element Pd reacts with MgH_(2)to form the MgPd alloy phase,which makes MgH_(2)take precedence to decompose through the Mg-Pd alloy rather than self-decomposition,further reducing thermal stability and improving de/hydrogenation kinetics.The synergistic effect of Mg-Pd,Mg_2Ni,and the special ultra-thin 2D sheet structure of the additive is the main reason for the good hydrogen storage property of MgH_(2)-Ni-MOF@Pd.Our findings provide inspiration for designing efficient multifunctional additives with unique morphologies to optimize the hydrogen desorption/sorption behaviors of hydrogen storage materials.展开更多
Nitrate is one of the main inorganic nitrogen sources for plants.Nitrate absorption from soils is achieved through the combined activities of specific nitrate transporters.Nitrate transporter 2.1(NRT2.1)is the major c...Nitrate is one of the main inorganic nitrogen sources for plants.Nitrate absorption from soils is achieved through the combined activities of specific nitrate transporters.Nitrate transporter 2.1(NRT2.1)is the major component of the root high-affinity nitrate transport system in Arabidopsis thaliana.Studies to date have mainly focused on transcriptional control of NRT2.1.Here,we show that NRT2.1 protein stability is also regulated in response to nitrogen nutrition availability.When seedlings were transferred to nitrate-limited conditions,the apparent half-life of NRT2.1 in roots increased from 3 to 9 h.This stabilization of NRT2.1 protein occurred rapidly,even prior to the transcriptional stimulation of NRT2.1.Furthermore,we revealed that phosphorylation at serine28(Ser28)of NRT2.1 is involved in regulating the stability of this protein.Substitution of Ser28 by alanine resulted in unstable NRT2.1,and this loss-of-phosphorylation mutant(NRT2.1S28A)failed to complement the growth-restricted phenotype of the nrt2.1 mutant when a low concentration of nitrate was the sole nitrogen source.These results demonstrate that phosphorylation at Ser28 is crucial for NRT2.1 protein stabilization and accumulation in response to nitrate limitation.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a major threat to public health globally.Though its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)has been recently identified as a receptor for the entry ...Coronavirus disease 2019 is a major threat to public health globally.Though its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)has been recently identified as a receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)into the cell.Here,we aimed to clarify the potential role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury and its underlying mechanism.As a receptor for coronavirus,ACE2 mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells in a similar way as for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV).The high binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 correlates with its efficient spread among humans.On the other hand,ACE2 negatively regulates the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system(RAAS)primarily by converting angiotensinⅡto angiotensin 1-7.which exerts a beneficial effect on coronavirus-induced acute lung injury.Human recombinant ACE2 has been considered as a potential therapy for SARS-CoV-2 by blocking virus entry and redressing the imbalance of RAAS in SARS-CoV-2 infection.The level of ACE2 expression can be upregulated by treatment with an ACE inhibitor(ACEI)or angiotensinⅡtype 1 receptor blocker(ARB).To date,no evidence shows that ACEIs or ARBs increase the susceptibility and mortality of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2,and hence,it is not advisable to discontinue such drugs in patients with cardiovascular disease.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2023-MS-149.
文摘BACKGROUND As a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, vasohibin 1(VASH1) is not only expressed in tumor stroma, but also in tumor tissue. Moreover, studies have shown that VASH1 may be a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer(CRC). Knockdown of VASH1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad3 pathway activity and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen production. Our previous findings suggest that ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2) may play a tumor suppressor and protective role in the development and progression of CRC by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. However, the functional role and mechanism of VASH1-mediated TGF-β1 related pathway in CRC has not been elucidated.AIM To investigate the expression of VASH1 in CRC and its correlation with the expression of EAF2. Furthermore, we studied the functional role and mechanism of VASH1 involved in the regulation and protection of EAF2 in CRC cells in vitro.METHODS We collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein and VASH1 protein in patients with advanced CRC. Following, we investigated the effect and mechanism of EAF2 and VASH1 on the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS Our findings indicated that EAF2 was down-regulated and VASH1 was upregulated in advanced CRC tissue compared to normal colorectal tissue. KaplanMeier survival analysis showed that the higher EAF2 Level group and the lower VASH1 Level group had a higher survival rate. Overexpression of EAF2 might inhibit the activity of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway by up-regulating the expression of VASH1, and then weaken the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of CRC cells.CONCLUSION This study suggests that EAF2 and VASH1 may serve as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC, and provide a clinical basis for exploring new biomarkers for CRC. This study complements the mechanism of EAF2 in CRC cells, enriches the role and mechanism of CRC cellderived VASH1, and provides a new possible subtype of CRC as a therapeutic target of STAT3/TGF-β1 pathway.
基金This study is registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.The registration identification number is NCT04639323.
文摘BACKGROUND We invented Endoscopic Ruler,a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler,and evaluate the agreement on identifying large oesophageal varices(OV)between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists,as well as the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler.METHODS We prospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with cirrhosis from 11 hospitals,all of whom got esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)with Endoscopic Ruler.The primary study outcome was a successful measurement of the size of varices using Endoscopic Ruler.The secondary outcomes included adverse events,operation time,the agreement of identifying large OV between the objective measurement of Endoscopic Ruler and the empirical reading of endoscopists,together with the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV by Endoscopic Ruler.RESULTS From November 2020 to April 2022,a total of 120 eligible patients with cirrhosis were recruited and all of them underwent EGD examinations with Endoscopic Ruler successfully without any adverse event.The median operation time of Endoscopic Ruler was 3.00 min[interquartile range(IQR):3.00 min].The kappa value between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists while detecting large OV was 0.52,demonstrating a moderate agreement.The kappa value for diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler among the six independent observers was 0.77,demonstrating a substantial agreement.CONCLUSION The data demonstrates that Endoscopic Ruler is feasible and safe for measuring the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Endoscopic Ruler is potential to promote the clinical practice of the two-grade classification system of OV.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2019-BS-279.
文摘BACKGROUND The androgen responsive gene,ELL-associated factor 2(EAF2),expressed in benign prostate tissues,has been shown to play an important role in tumor suppression in a variety of malignant tumors.In addition,some scholars found that EAF2 frameshift mutations are associated with intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer(CRC)and inactivation of EAF2 in microsatellite instability-high CRC.However,the molecular mechanism by which EAF2 is involved in CRC invasion and metastasis remains unclear.AIM To determine the clinical value of expression of EAF2 protein in CRC,and to study the effects of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro.METHODS In this study,we collected colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate the clinical expression of EAF2 protein in patients with advanced CRC.Subsequently,we investigated the effect of EAF2 on the invasion,migration,and angiogenesis of CRC cells in vitro using plasmid transfection.RESULTS EAF2 protein was lowly expressed in cancer tissues of patients with advanced CRC.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high EAF2 level group was higher than that of the low EAF2 level group.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EAF2,as a tumor suppressor,may inhibit the invasion,metastasis,and angiogenesis of CRC cells by regulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/transforming growth factor-β1 crosstalk pathway,and play a cancer suppressive and protective role in the occurrence and development of CRC.Our findings are of great significance to provide a new idea and theoretical basis for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
基金supported by the University of Michigan-Peking University Health Science Centre(UMHS-PUHSC)Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant numbers:BMU20110177 and BMU20160530)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2017YFC1307704)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Seed Fund of Peking University First Hospital(grant numbers:2018SF003 and 2018SF071)Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:81703288)the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences(Peking University),Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides。
文摘BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness,as assessed by aortic ultrasound and pulse wave velocity,is associated with incident hypertension.However,there is still no consensus on whether the augmentation index(AI)affects new onset of hypertension.This study investigated the relationship of radial AI(r AI)and incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population without hypertension at baseline.METHOD A total of 1,615 Chinese non-hypertensive participants from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing,China were included in our analysis.Baseline r AI normalized to heart rate of 75 beats/min(r AIp75)was obtained using HEM-9000 AI.New-onset hypertension was defined as blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg or self-reported hypertension or taking anti-hypertensive medications at the follow up survey.Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the impact of r AIp75 on the risk of new-onset hypertension.RESULTS After a mean 2.35-year follow-up,213(13.19%)participants developed incident hypertension.No significant relation between r AIp75 and incident hypertension was observed in the whole population after adjustment for possible confounders(adjusted odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI):1.09[0.95-1.27];P=0.2260).However,r AIp75 was significantly associated with incident hypertension in women,but not in men(adjusted OR and 95%CI:1.29[1.06-1.56],P=0.0113 for women;0.91[0.72-1.15],P=0.4244 for men;P for interaction=0.0133).CONCLUSIONS Sex modified the effect of the r AI on incident hypertension in a Chinese,community-based,non-hypertensive population.Screening of the r AI could be considered in women with a high risk of hypertension for the purpose of primary intervention.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20237,51863005,52271205,51871065,52371218,51863005,52271205,51871065,52371218,51971068,52101245 and 52201206)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Guangxi(Nos.AA19182014,AD17195073,AA17202030-1,AB21220027 and 2021AB17045)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Nos.2018GXNSFDA281051,2014GXNSFAA118401,2013GXNSFBA019244,2021GXNSFBA075057 and 2022GXNSFB A035632)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Guilin(Nos.20210102-4 and 20210216-1)Guangxi B agui Scholar FoundationGuilin Lijiang Scholar FoundationGuangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsGuangxi Advanced Functional Materials FoundationApplication Talents Small Highlands and Chinesisch Deutsche Kooperationsgruppe(No.GZ1528)。
文摘The conjugation of external species with twodimensional(2D)materials has broad application prospects.In this study,we have explored the potential of noble metal/2D MOF heterostructures in hydrogen storage.Specifically,the MgH_(2)-Ni-MOF@Pd system has shown remarkable hydrogen desorption/sorption performances,starting to liberate hydrogen at 1810C,which is 2300C lower than that of pristine MgH2.Under the catalytic effect of Ni-MOF@Pd,the dehydrogenation apparent activation energy of MgH2 is noticeably decreased from(133.5±17.5)to(34.58±1.87)kJ·moL^(-1),and the hydrogenation apparent activation energy is reduced from(70.41±7.43)to(25.78±4.64)kJ·moL^(-1),which is lowered by 63.4%.The fully-dehydrogenated MgH2-NiMOF@Pd composite rapidly uptakes hydrogen,with 2.62wt%at 100℃and 6.06 wt%at 150℃within 300 s,respectively.The mechanism analysis of MgH2 catalyzed by Ni-MOF@Pd has revealed that the transformation of Mg_2Ni and Mg_2NiH_4 could act as a"hydrogen pump",providing numerous channels for fast diffusion and transport of hydrogen atoms.Moreover,in the dehydrogenation process,the element Pd reacts with MgH_(2)to form the MgPd alloy phase,which makes MgH_(2)take precedence to decompose through the Mg-Pd alloy rather than self-decomposition,further reducing thermal stability and improving de/hydrogenation kinetics.The synergistic effect of Mg-Pd,Mg_2Ni,and the special ultra-thin 2D sheet structure of the additive is the main reason for the good hydrogen storage property of MgH_(2)-Ni-MOF@Pd.Our findings provide inspiration for designing efficient multifunctional additives with unique morphologies to optimize the hydrogen desorption/sorption behaviors of hydrogen storage materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400222)。
文摘Nitrate is one of the main inorganic nitrogen sources for plants.Nitrate absorption from soils is achieved through the combined activities of specific nitrate transporters.Nitrate transporter 2.1(NRT2.1)is the major component of the root high-affinity nitrate transport system in Arabidopsis thaliana.Studies to date have mainly focused on transcriptional control of NRT2.1.Here,we show that NRT2.1 protein stability is also regulated in response to nitrogen nutrition availability.When seedlings were transferred to nitrate-limited conditions,the apparent half-life of NRT2.1 in roots increased from 3 to 9 h.This stabilization of NRT2.1 protein occurred rapidly,even prior to the transcriptional stimulation of NRT2.1.Furthermore,we revealed that phosphorylation at serine28(Ser28)of NRT2.1 is involved in regulating the stability of this protein.Substitution of Ser28 by alanine resulted in unstable NRT2.1,and this loss-of-phosphorylation mutant(NRT2.1S28A)failed to complement the growth-restricted phenotype of the nrt2.1 mutant when a low concentration of nitrate was the sole nitrogen source.These results demonstrate that phosphorylation at Ser28 is crucial for NRT2.1 protein stabilization and accumulation in response to nitrate limitation.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019 is a major threat to public health globally.Though its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)has been recently identified as a receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)into the cell.Here,we aimed to clarify the potential role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury and its underlying mechanism.As a receptor for coronavirus,ACE2 mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells in a similar way as for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV).The high binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 correlates with its efficient spread among humans.On the other hand,ACE2 negatively regulates the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system(RAAS)primarily by converting angiotensinⅡto angiotensin 1-7.which exerts a beneficial effect on coronavirus-induced acute lung injury.Human recombinant ACE2 has been considered as a potential therapy for SARS-CoV-2 by blocking virus entry and redressing the imbalance of RAAS in SARS-CoV-2 infection.The level of ACE2 expression can be upregulated by treatment with an ACE inhibitor(ACEI)or angiotensinⅡtype 1 receptor blocker(ARB).To date,no evidence shows that ACEIs or ARBs increase the susceptibility and mortality of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2,and hence,it is not advisable to discontinue such drugs in patients with cardiovascular disease.
