The powdery mildew(Erysiphe necator)is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard.An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins(CSEPs)was encoded in the E.necator genome,but it is largely unc...The powdery mildew(Erysiphe necator)is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard.An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins(CSEPs)was encoded in the E.necator genome,but it is largely unclear what role CSEPs plays during the E.necator infection.In the present study,we identified a secreted effector CSEP080 of E.necator,which was located in plant chloroplasts and plasma membrane.Transient expressing CSEP080 promotes plant photosynthesis and inhibits INF1-induced cell death in tobacco leaves.We found that CSEP080 was a necessary effector for the E.necator pathogenicity,which interacted with grapevine chloroplast protein VviB6f(cytochrome b6-f complex iron–sulfur subunit),affecting plant photosynthesis.Transient silencing VviB6f increased the plant hydrogen peroxide production,and the plant resistance to powdery mildew.In addition,CSEP080 manipulated the VviPE(pectinesterase)to promote pectin degradation.Our results demonstrated the molecular mechanisms that an effector of E.necator translocates to host chloroplasts and plasma membrane,which suppresses with the grapevine immunity system by targeting the chloroplast protein VviB6f to suppress hydrogen peroxide accumulation and manipulating VviPE to promote pectin degradation.展开更多
Fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive and highly sensitive bioimaging technique that has shown remarkable strides in plant science. It enables real-time monitoring and analysis of biological and pathological processe...Fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive and highly sensitive bioimaging technique that has shown remarkable strides in plant science. It enables real-time monitoring and analysis of biological and pathological processes in plants by labeling specific molecular or cellular structures with fluorescent probes. However, tissue scattering and phytochrome interference have been obstacles for conventional fluorescence imaging of plants in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum, resulting in unsatisfactory imaging quality. Fortunately, advances in near-infrared(NIR) fluorescence imaging technology(650-900 nm) offer superior spatial-temporal resolution and reduced tissue scattering, which is sure to improve plant imaging quality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of NIR fluorescence imaging probes and their applications for in vivo plant imaging and the identification of plant-related biomolecules. We hope this review provides a new perspective for plant science research and highlights NIR fluorescence imaging as a powerful tool for analyzing plant physiology, adaptive mechanisms, and coping with environmental stress in the near future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972986,32272670)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi province(2023-YBNY-059).
文摘The powdery mildew(Erysiphe necator)is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard.An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins(CSEPs)was encoded in the E.necator genome,but it is largely unclear what role CSEPs plays during the E.necator infection.In the present study,we identified a secreted effector CSEP080 of E.necator,which was located in plant chloroplasts and plasma membrane.Transient expressing CSEP080 promotes plant photosynthesis and inhibits INF1-induced cell death in tobacco leaves.We found that CSEP080 was a necessary effector for the E.necator pathogenicity,which interacted with grapevine chloroplast protein VviB6f(cytochrome b6-f complex iron–sulfur subunit),affecting plant photosynthesis.Transient silencing VviB6f increased the plant hydrogen peroxide production,and the plant resistance to powdery mildew.In addition,CSEP080 manipulated the VviPE(pectinesterase)to promote pectin degradation.Our results demonstrated the molecular mechanisms that an effector of E.necator translocates to host chloroplasts and plasma membrane,which suppresses with the grapevine immunity system by targeting the chloroplast protein VviB6f to suppress hydrogen peroxide accumulation and manipulating VviPE to promote pectin degradation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2038,22022404,21977036,22074050)the CRI Project of National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea(2018R1A3B1052702)+1 种基金Department of Biotechnology,New Delhi,India,for prestigious DBT-Ramalingaswami fellowship(BT/RLF/Re-entry/59/2018)Science&Engineering Research Board,New Delhi(CRG/2021/002476)。
文摘Fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive and highly sensitive bioimaging technique that has shown remarkable strides in plant science. It enables real-time monitoring and analysis of biological and pathological processes in plants by labeling specific molecular or cellular structures with fluorescent probes. However, tissue scattering and phytochrome interference have been obstacles for conventional fluorescence imaging of plants in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum, resulting in unsatisfactory imaging quality. Fortunately, advances in near-infrared(NIR) fluorescence imaging technology(650-900 nm) offer superior spatial-temporal resolution and reduced tissue scattering, which is sure to improve plant imaging quality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of NIR fluorescence imaging probes and their applications for in vivo plant imaging and the identification of plant-related biomolecules. We hope this review provides a new perspective for plant science research and highlights NIR fluorescence imaging as a powerful tool for analyzing plant physiology, adaptive mechanisms, and coping with environmental stress in the near future.
