Introduction:This research investigates trends pertaining to the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China.The study considered data derived from four nationally repre...Introduction:This research investigates trends pertaining to the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China.The study considered data derived from four nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.Methods:The data under review for this study was derived from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance(CCDRFS)carried out in 2010,2013,2015,and 2018,correspondingly.We utilized a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate the quantity and frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption.The estimated prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated for each survey,while considering factors such as sex,age,location,and socioeconomic status(SES).Participants’SES was ascertained via latent class analysis,serving to identify distinct classes based on criteria such as education,occupation,and household income per capita.Logistic regression was deployed to determine the statistical significance of trends.Results:From 2010 to 2018,there was a notable increase in the average daily consumption of vegetables and fruits among the working population,rising from 418.6 g/day to 491.8 g/day(P<0.01 for trend).During the same period,the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable intake declined from 51.1%to 43.5%[P<0.001 for trend;−1.6%average annual percent change(AAPC)].This downward trend was prevalent across genders,however,certain subgroups of adults(e.g.,those living in rural areas or those of low SES)saw stable consumption levels throughout this period(P>0.05 for trend).Conclusion:Over the past nine years,there has been a notable decline in the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China.Moreover,the comparatively deficient intake of fruits and vegetables evident among individuals of lower SES warrants further attention.展开更多
Extremely high or low autophagy levels disrupt plant survival under nutrient starvation.Recently,autophagy has been reported to display rhythms in animals.However,the mechanism of circadian regulation of autophagy is ...Extremely high or low autophagy levels disrupt plant survival under nutrient starvation.Recently,autophagy has been reported to display rhythms in animals.However,the mechanism of circadian regulation of autophagy is still unclear.Here,we observed that autophagy has a robust rhythm and that various autophagy-related genes(ATGs)are rhythmically expressed in Arabidopsis.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(Ch IP)and dual-luciferase(LUC)analyses showed that the core oscillator gene TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1(TOC1)directly binds to the promoters of ATG(ATG1 a,ATG2,and ATG8 d)and negatively regulates autophagy activities under nutritional stress.Furthermore,autophagy defects might affect endogenous rhythms by reducing the rhythm amplitude of TOC1 and shortening the rhythm period of CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1(CCA1).Autophagy is essential for the circadian clock pattern in seedling development and plant sensitivity to nutritional deficiencies.Taken together,our studies reveal a plant strategy in which the TOC1-ATG axis involved in autophagy-rhythm crosstalk to fine-tune the intensity of autophagy.展开更多
China’s public pension system is managed at the provincial level.In recent years,the development of public pension system in the provinces has become more unbalanced.The increase in the gap between the developed and ...China’s public pension system is managed at the provincial level.In recent years,the development of public pension system in the provinces has become more unbalanced.The increase in the gap between the developed and less developed regions of China has become increasingly evident.Based on an analysis of changes to population structure in each province during the 20 year period 1995-2015,combined with research focused on public pension policy,this paper finds that there are great differences in the structure of population in each province with respect to age,type(the ratio of local residents to migrants),and quality(the proportion of the population with higher education).All of these are important factors that help to explain the unbalanced development of the public pension system.China’s developed regions have cumulative advantages in these three areas,and this study found that the gap between developed and less developed regions was growing.Among the three factors,the influences of population age and quality structure were a reflection of normal social phenomenon,while variations of population type structure in the provinces were largely a result of the way in which China’s public pension transfer policy is designed.In this paper,the author argues that if barriers to migration were removed,greater population mobility would help realize national management of the public pension system.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1311706).
文摘Introduction:This research investigates trends pertaining to the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China.The study considered data derived from four nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.Methods:The data under review for this study was derived from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance(CCDRFS)carried out in 2010,2013,2015,and 2018,correspondingly.We utilized a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate the quantity and frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption.The estimated prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated for each survey,while considering factors such as sex,age,location,and socioeconomic status(SES).Participants’SES was ascertained via latent class analysis,serving to identify distinct classes based on criteria such as education,occupation,and household income per capita.Logistic regression was deployed to determine the statistical significance of trends.Results:From 2010 to 2018,there was a notable increase in the average daily consumption of vegetables and fruits among the working population,rising from 418.6 g/day to 491.8 g/day(P<0.01 for trend).During the same period,the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable intake declined from 51.1%to 43.5%[P<0.001 for trend;−1.6%average annual percent change(AAPC)].This downward trend was prevalent across genders,however,certain subgroups of adults(e.g.,those living in rural areas or those of low SES)saw stable consumption levels throughout this period(P>0.05 for trend).Conclusion:Over the past nine years,there has been a notable decline in the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China.Moreover,the comparatively deficient intake of fruits and vegetables evident among individuals of lower SES warrants further attention.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC–31871396,31571444)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program of CAST(YESS20160001)+3 种基金the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice(Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center)to Feng Yuthe Foundation of Hunan Provincial Natural Science(2021JJ30540)the Foundation of Hunan Double First-rate Discipline Construction Projects of Bioengineering to Zhaotun Huthe China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.,Ltd.Research Project(KY2021YC0001)to W.X.P。
文摘Extremely high or low autophagy levels disrupt plant survival under nutrient starvation.Recently,autophagy has been reported to display rhythms in animals.However,the mechanism of circadian regulation of autophagy is still unclear.Here,we observed that autophagy has a robust rhythm and that various autophagy-related genes(ATGs)are rhythmically expressed in Arabidopsis.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(Ch IP)and dual-luciferase(LUC)analyses showed that the core oscillator gene TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1(TOC1)directly binds to the promoters of ATG(ATG1 a,ATG2,and ATG8 d)and negatively regulates autophagy activities under nutritional stress.Furthermore,autophagy defects might affect endogenous rhythms by reducing the rhythm amplitude of TOC1 and shortening the rhythm period of CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1(CCA1).Autophagy is essential for the circadian clock pattern in seedling development and plant sensitivity to nutritional deficiencies.Taken together,our studies reveal a plant strategy in which the TOC1-ATG axis involved in autophagy-rhythm crosstalk to fine-tune the intensity of autophagy.
文摘China’s public pension system is managed at the provincial level.In recent years,the development of public pension system in the provinces has become more unbalanced.The increase in the gap between the developed and less developed regions of China has become increasingly evident.Based on an analysis of changes to population structure in each province during the 20 year period 1995-2015,combined with research focused on public pension policy,this paper finds that there are great differences in the structure of population in each province with respect to age,type(the ratio of local residents to migrants),and quality(the proportion of the population with higher education).All of these are important factors that help to explain the unbalanced development of the public pension system.China’s developed regions have cumulative advantages in these three areas,and this study found that the gap between developed and less developed regions was growing.Among the three factors,the influences of population age and quality structure were a reflection of normal social phenomenon,while variations of population type structure in the provinces were largely a result of the way in which China’s public pension transfer policy is designed.In this paper,the author argues that if barriers to migration were removed,greater population mobility would help realize national management of the public pension system.
