In recent years,peanut yield and quality are more seriously affected by pod rot disease in China.However,managing this disease has proven challenging due to the wide host range of its pathogens.In this study,four soil...In recent years,peanut yield and quality are more seriously affected by pod rot disease in China.However,managing this disease has proven challenging due to the wide host range of its pathogens.In this study,four soil samples were collected from fields with pod rot disease in Hebei Province,and 454 pyrosequencing was used to analyze the fungal communities structure within them.All 38490 ITS high-quality sequences were grouped into 1203 operational taxonomic units,the fungal community diversity of four soil samples was evaluated and compared using Shannon index and Simpson index.The results showed that members of Ascomycota were dominant,followed by Basidiomycota.According to the BLAST results at the species level,Guehomyces had the highest abundance,accounting for about 7.27%,followed by Alternaria,Fusarium,and Davidiella.The relative abundance of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from rotting peanuts in soil with peanut rot was higher than that in the control,indicating that Fusarium oxysporum might be one of the main pathogenic fungus of peanut rot in this area.This study delved into the broader fungal community associated with peanut pod rot,providing a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating this disease in agriculture.展开更多
Semiconductor photocatalytic technology is widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies to solve current energy and environmental crisis, due to its ability to make effective use of solar energy. In rec...Semiconductor photocatalytic technology is widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies to solve current energy and environmental crisis, due to its ability to make effective use of solar energy. In recent years, graphite carbon nitride(g-C3N4), a new type of non-metallic polymer semiconductor photocatalyst, has rapidly become the focus of intense research in the field of photocatalysis because of its suitable bandgap energy, unique structure, and excellent chemical stability. In order to improve its intrinsic shortages of small specific surface area, narrow visible light response range, high electron-hole pair recombination rate, and low photon quantum efficiency, a simple method was utilized to synthesize Br-doped g-C3N4(CN–Br X, X = 5, 10, 20, 30), where X is a percentage mole ratio of NH4 Br to melamine. Experimental results showed that Br atoms were doped into the g-C3N4 lattice by replacing the bonded N atoms in the form of C–N=C, while the derived material retained the original framework of g-C3N4. The interaction of Br element with the g-C3N4 skeleton not only broadened the visible-light response of g-C3N4 to 800 nm with an adjustable band gap, but also greatly promoted the separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carrier and the surface area. The photocurrent intensity of bare CN and CN–Br X(X = 5, 10, 20, 30) catalysts is calculated to be 1.5, 2.0, 3.1, 6.5, and 1.9 μA, respectively. And their specific surface area is measured to be 9.086, 9.326, 15.137, 13.397, and 6.932 m2/g. As a result, this Br-doped g-C3N4 gives significantly enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), achieving a twice enhancement over g-C3N4, with high stability during prolonged photocatalytic operation compared to bare g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, an underlying photocatalytic reduction mechanism was proposed based on control experiments using radical scavengers.展开更多
Gearbox in offshore wind turbines is a component with the highest failure rates during operation. Analysis of gearbox repair policy that includes economic considerations is important for the effective operation of off...Gearbox in offshore wind turbines is a component with the highest failure rates during operation. Analysis of gearbox repair policy that includes economic considerations is important for the effective operation of offshore wind farms. From their initial perfect working states, gearboxes degrade with time, which leads to decreased working efficiency. Thus, offshore wind turbine gearboxes can be considered to be multi-state systems with the various levels of productivity for different working states. To efficiently compute the time-dependent distribution of this multi-state system and analyze its reliability, application of the nonhomogeneous continuous-time Markov process(NHCTMP) is appropriate for this type of object. To determine the relationship between operation time and maintenance cost, many factors must be taken into account, including maintenance processes and vessel requirements. Finally, an optimal repair policy can be formulated based on this relationship.展开更多
The 96 h acute toxic effects of nano-CuO (N-CuO), micro-CuO (M-CuO) and 2+ on Chlorella sp. were investigated in this paper. The results showed that toxicities decreased in an order of Cu2+>N-CuO>M-CuO. The 96 h...The 96 h acute toxic effects of nano-CuO (N-CuO), micro-CuO (M-CuO) and 2+ on Chlorella sp. were investigated in this paper. The results showed that toxicities decreased in an order of Cu2+>N-CuO>M-CuO. The 96 h EC50 of Cu2+ on Chlorella sp. was 1.06 mg /L, and of N-CuO it was 74.61 mg /L, while no pronounced toxicity was observed when the concentration of M-CuO was lower than 160 mg/L. Further experiments were carried out in order to study the toxicity mechanism of nano-CuO on Chlorella sp.. The results of Cu2+ release from N-CuO showed less than 0.2 mg/L Cu2+ were released, so the release of Cu2+ was not responsible for the toxicity. Further experiments showed N-CuO inhibited formation of Chlorophyll A. Content of Chlorophyll A in the control group was 4.75 mg/108 cells, while it declined to 2.89 mg/108 cells for 160 mg/L N-CuO after 96 h, which indicated that N-CuO could inhibit photosynthesis of Chlorella sp.. Moreover, N-CuO condensed with algal cells. It affected the activity of SOD and POD, indicating that N-CuO could cause oxidant stress to Chlorella sp.. These may be the toxicity mechanism.展开更多
BACKGROUND mTOR gene is a key component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and its dysregulation is associated with various diseases.Several studies have demonstrated that tea drinking is a protective factor again...BACKGROUND mTOR gene is a key component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and its dysregulation is associated with various diseases.Several studies have demonstrated that tea drinking is a protective factor against tuberculosis(TB).This study was designed to explore five single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of mTOR in the Han population of China to determine how their interactions with tea drinking affect susceptibility to TB.AIM To investigate if the polymorphisms of mTOR gene and the gene-tea interaction are associated with susceptibility to TB.METHODS In this case-control study,503 patients with TB and 494 healthy controls were enrolled by a stratified sampling method.The cases were newly registered TB patients from the county-level centers for disease control and prevention,and the healthy controls were permanent residents from Xin'ansi Community,Changsha city.Demographic data and environmental exposure information including tea drinking were obtained from the study participants.We genotyped five potentially functional SNP sites(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,rs12137958,and rs7525957)of mTOR gene and assessed their associations with the risk of TB using logistic regression analysis,and marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the gene-environment interactions.RESULTS The frequencies of four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)were found to be associated with susceptibility to TB(P<0.05).Genotypes GT(OR 1.334),GG(OR 2.224),and GT+GG(OR 1.403)at rs2295080;genotypes CT(OR 1.562)and CT+TT(OR 1.578)at rs2024627,genotypes CT(OR 1.597),CC(OR 2.858),and CT+CC(OR 1.682)at rs1057079;and genotypes CT(OR 1.559)and CT+CC(OR 1.568)at rs7525957 of mTOR gene were significantly more prevalent in TB patients than in healthy controls.The relative excess risk of interaction between the four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)of mTOR genes and tea drinking were found to be-1.5187(95%CI:-1.9826,-1.0547,P<0.05),-1.8270(95%CI:-2.3587,-1.2952,P<0.05),-2.3246(95%CI:-2.9417,-1.7076,P<0.05)and-0.4235(95%CI:-0.7756,-0.0714,P<0.05),respectively,which suggest negative interactions.CONCLUSION The polymorphisms of mTOR(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)are associated with susceptibility to TB,and there is a negative interaction between each of the four SNPs and tea drinking.展开更多
This paper is concerned with propagation of water waves induced by moving bodies with uniformvelocity on the bottom of a channel, a simple model for prescribed underwater landslides. Thefluid is assumed to be inviscid...This paper is concerned with propagation of water waves induced by moving bodies with uniformvelocity on the bottom of a channel, a simple model for prescribed underwater landslides. Thefluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, and the flow, irrotational. We apply this modelto a variety of test problems, and particular attention is paid to long-time dynamics of wavesinduced by two landslide bodies moving with the same speed. We focus on the transcritical regimewhere the linear theory fails to depict the wave phenomena even in the qualitative sense since itpredicts an infinite growth in amplitude. In order to resolve this problem, weakly nonlinear theoryor direct numerical simulations for the fully nonlinear equations is required. Comparing results ofthe linear full-dispersion theory, the linear shallow water equations, the forced Korteweg-de Vriesmodel, and the full Euler equations, we show that water waves generated by prescribedunderwater landslides are characterized by the Froude number, sizes of landslide bodies anddistance between them. Particularly, in the transcritical regime, the second body plays a key role incontrolling the criticality for equal landslide bodies, while for unequal body heights, the higher onecontrols the criticality. The results obtained in the current paper complement numerical studiesbased on the forced Korteweg-de Vries equation and the nonlinear shallow water equations byGrimshaw and Maleewong (J. Fluid Mech. 2015, 2016).展开更多
Advances in biomimetic three-dimensional(3D) melanoma models have brought new prospects of drug screening and disease modeling, since their physiological relevancy for recapitulating in vivo tumor architectures is mor...Advances in biomimetic three-dimensional(3D) melanoma models have brought new prospects of drug screening and disease modeling, since their physiological relevancy for recapitulating in vivo tumor architectures is more accurate than traditional two-dimensional(2D) cell culture. Gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA) is widely used as a tissue-engineered scaffold hydrogel for 3D cell culture. In the present study, an in vitro 3D malignant melanoma model based on Gel MA was fabricated to evaluate the efficiency of hypericin(Hy)-loaded microemulsion(ME) in photodynamic therapy against melanoma. The ME was produced by the spontaneous emulsification method to enhance the bioavailability of Hy at tumor sites. Hy-loaded MEs were applied to a 3D malignant melanoma model made using 6% Gel MA and the co-culture of B16F10 and Balb/c 3T3 cells,followed by crosslinking using violet light(403 nm). The observation revealed excellent cell viability and the presence of F-actin cytoskeleton network. Hy-loaded MEs exhibited higher phototoxicity and cell accumulation(about threefold) than free Hy, and the cells cultured in the 3D system displayed lower susceptibility(about 2.5-fold) than those in 2D culture.These findings indicate that the developed MEs are potential delivery carriers for Hy;furthermore, Gel MA hydrogel-based modeling in polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) molds is a user-friendly and cost-effective in vitro platform to investigate drug penetration and provide a basis for evaluating nanocarrier efficiency for skin cancer and other skin-related diseases.展开更多
In order to evaluation the efficiency of SRAP markers on genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus,we screened out 17sets of primer pairs which could produce clear and reproducible SRAP bands from 150 SRAP primer pairs....In order to evaluation the efficiency of SRAP markers on genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus,we screened out 17sets of primer pairs which could produce clear and reproducible SRAP bands from 150 SRAP primer pairs.The size of SRAP fragments ranged from 120 to 2100 bp.Primer pair Me10/Em9 produced the maximum number of polymorphic bands(12 bands),while Me8/Em13 produced the fewest number of polymorphic bands(only 1).Through analysis genetic diversity ability of different sets of primer pairs,the set of 12 primer pairs was selected for SRAP genetic marker of A.flavus.Cluster analysis was performed based on the genetic similarity coefficients,which ranged from 0.53 to 0.89.A dendrogram assembled using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages grouped A.flavus samples into 5 main clusters.The results suggested that SRAP marker is a useful molecular technology for the diversity of A.flavus from peanut soils in China.展开更多
Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is an important treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease.However,bleeding after PCI significantly increases the mortality risk.The search for prognostic predi...Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is an important treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease.However,bleeding after PCI significantly increases the mortality risk.The search for prognostic predictors and optimal antiplatelet therapy for patients with high bleeding risk(HBR)after PCI has been a much researched upon topic in current cardiovascular research.However,there is no widely accepted prognostic model or recommended antiplatelet therapy for patients with PCI-HBR.In this trial,based on prospective multi-center database building,we will analyze the adverse prognostic predictors for patients with PCI-HBR,observe the types of antiplatelet drugs and duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in PCI-HBR patients,and compare the safety and feasibility of different antiplatelet regimens and treatment courses.The prognostic analysis and an appropriate antiplatelet strategy for patients with PCI and high bleeding risk(PPP-PCI)trial will help analyze bleeding risk factors in PCI-HBR patients and explore the appropriate antiplatelet treatment options.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT05369442).The Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital authorized this study(2022 Review#269).The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.展开更多
Solitons are self-reinforcing localized wave packets that manifest in the major areas of nonlinear science,from optics to biology and Bose-Einstein condensates.Recently,optically driven dissipative solitons have attra...Solitons are self-reinforcing localized wave packets that manifest in the major areas of nonlinear science,from optics to biology and Bose-Einstein condensates.Recently,optically driven dissipative solitons have attracted great attention for the implementation of the chip-scale frequency combs that are decisive for communications,spectroscopy,neural computing,and quantum information processing.In the current understanding,the generation of temporal solitons involves the chromatic dispersion as a key enabling physical effect,acting either globally or locally on the cavity dynamics in a decisive way.Here,we report on a novel class of solitons,both theoretically and experimentally,which builds up in spectrally confined optical cavities when dispersion is practically absent,both globally and locally.Precisely,the interplay between the Kerr nonlinearity and spectral filtering results in an infiinite hierarchy of eigenfunctions which,combined with optical gain,allow for the generation of stable dispersion-less dissipative solitons in a previously unexplored regime.When the filter order tends to infinity,we find an unexpected link between dissipative and conservative solitons,in the form of Nyquist-pulse-like solitons endowed with an ultra-flat spectrum.In contrast to the conventional dispersion-enabled nonlinear Schr?dinger solitons,these dispersion-less Nyquist solitons build on a fully confined spectrum and their energy scaling is not constrained by the pulse duration.Dispersion-less soliton molecules and their deterministic transitioning to single solitons are also evidenced.These findings broaden the fundamental scope of the dissipative soliton paradigm and open new avenues for generating soliton pulses and frequency combs endowed with unprecedented temporal and spectral features.展开更多
Shape control of mesoporous carbon microparticles(MCMPs)is of critical importance;in particular,asymmetric shapes that can yield unique properties have attracted significant attention.However,the tailored synthesis of...Shape control of mesoporous carbon microparticles(MCMPs)is of critical importance;in particular,asymmetric shapes that can yield unique properties have attracted significant attention.However,the tailored synthesis of asymmetric MCMPs with ordered structures remains challenging.Herein,we report a facile route to prepare asymmetric MCMPs by dynamic neutral interface-guided 3D-confined self-assembly(3D-CSA)of block copolymer/homopolymer(BCP/hP)blends,followed by a self-templated selective direct carbonization strategy.BCP/h P Janus microparticles with ordered hierarchical mesostructures were prepared with emulsion solvent evaporation-induced 3D-CSA.The continuous phase of BCP domains was then crosslinked.Composite asymmetric MCMPs are successfully generated after selective carbonization of the crosslinked continuous phase.This method allows tuning the shape of MCMPs easily by varying the blending ratio of BCP/h P.The composite asymmetric MCMPs combine the advantages of asymmetric shape,ordered structure,high specific surface area,chemical inertness and thermal stability and could provide great possibilities for applications in catalysis,drug delivery,energy conversion and storage.展开更多
Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of ...Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of air pollution in land,sea,and atmosphere.We present an overview of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China and summarize the progress and main achievements in recent years.China has developed a series of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technologies,including Light Detection and Ranging(LIDAR),turbulent exchange analyzer,air-sea flux analyzer,stereoscopic remote sensing of air pollutants,and oceanic aerosol detection equipment to address the technical bottleneck caused by harsh environmental conditions in coastal ocean regions.Advances in these technologies and equipment have provided scientific assistance for addressing air pollution issues and understanding land-sea-atmosphere interactions over coastal ocean regions in China.In the future,routine atmospheric observations should cover the coastal ocean boundary layer of China.展开更多
Normal high-density lipoprotein(nHDL)can induce angiogenesis in healthy individuals.However,HDL from patients with coronary artery disease undergoes various modifications,becomes dysfunctional(dHDL),and loses its abil...Normal high-density lipoprotein(nHDL)can induce angiogenesis in healthy individuals.However,HDL from patients with coronary artery disease undergoes various modifications,becomes dysfunctional(dHDL),and loses its ability to promote angiogenesis.Here,we identified a long non-coding RNA,HDRACA,that is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis by HDL.In this study,we showed that nHDL downregulates the expression of HDRACA in endothelial cells by activating WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2,which catalyzes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of its transcription factor,Kruppel-like factor 5,via sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1P)receptor 1.In contrast,dHDL with lower levels of S1P than nHDL were much less effective in decreasing the expression of HDRACA.HDRACA was able to bind to Ras-interacting protein 1(RAIN)to hinder the interaction between RAIN and vigilin,which led to an increase in the binding between the vigilin protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)mRNA,resulting in a decrease in the expression of PCNA and inhibition of angiogenesis.The expression of human HDRACA in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model inhibited the recovery of angiogenesis.Taken together,these findings suggest that HDRACA is involved in the HDL regulation of angiogenesis,which nHDL inhibits the expression of HDRACA to induce angiogenesis,and that dHDL is much less effective in inhibiting HDRACA expression,which provides an explanation for the decreased ability of dHDL to stimulate angiogenesis.展开更多
Digital light processing(DLP)-based bioprinting technology has recently aroused considerable concerns as a strategy to deliver biomedical materials and/or specific cells to create sophisticated structures for various ...Digital light processing(DLP)-based bioprinting technology has recently aroused considerable concerns as a strategy to deliver biomedical materials and/or specific cells to create sophisticated structures for various tissue modeling and regeneration.In this review,we display a concise introduction of DLP bioprinting,and a further discussion on the design and manufacture of DLP(bio)printer with varied bioinks and their biomedical applications toward drug screening,disease modeling,tissue repair,and regenerative medicine.Finally,the advantages,challenges,and perspectives of the DLP printing platforms are detailed.It is believed that DLP bioprinting will play a decisive role in the field of tissue model and regenerative medicine,mainly due to its time-efficient,higher resolution,and amenability to automation for various tissue needs.展开更多
Background:The public health response to COVID-19 has shifted to reducing deaths and hospitalizations to prevent overwhelming health systems.The amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in wastewater are known to correlate ...Background:The public health response to COVID-19 has shifted to reducing deaths and hospitalizations to prevent overwhelming health systems.The amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in wastewater are known to correlate with clinical data including cases and hospital admissions for COVID-19.We developed and tested a predictive model for incident COVID-19 hospital admissions in New York State using wastewater data.Methods:Using county-level COVID-19 hospital admissions and wastewater surveillance covering 13.8 million people across 56 counties,we fit a generalized linear mixed model predicting new hospital admissions from wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from April 29,2020 to June 30,2022.We included covariates such as COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the county,comorbidities,demographic variables,and holiday gatherings.Findings:Wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlated with new hospital admissions per 100,000 up to ten days prior to admission.Models that included wastewater had higher predictive power than models that included clinical cases only,increasing the accuracy of the model by 15%.Predicted hospital admissions correlated highly with observed admissions(r¼0.77)with an average difference of 0.013 hospitalizations per 100,000(95%CI¼[0.002,0.025])Interpretation:Using wastewater to predict future hospital admissions from COVID-19 is accurate and effective with superior results to using case data alone.The lead time of ten days could alert the public to take precautions and improve resource allocation for seasonal surges.展开更多
Photonic crystal(PC)patterns with tunable and changeable nonvolatile structural colors printed from a single ink are of great interest for optical products but have rarely been reported because most inks can only outp...Photonic crystal(PC)patterns with tunable and changeable nonvolatile structural colors printed from a single ink are of great interest for optical products but have rarely been reported because most inks can only output one respective structural color.Herein,we propose a facile yet effective kinetically controlled self-assembly strategy to address this challenge.An ink formulation containing supramolecular block copolymers(SBCPs)is developed.SBCP patterns were printed by direct-ink-writing followed by solvent annealing to generate different structural colors by simply controlling the annealing time.The self-assembly kinetic regime suggests that different colors result from various kinetically trapped metastable states.In turn,the variation in structural color enables“visualization”of the self-assembly dynamics.Furthermore,we demonstrate that these kinetically trapped structures exhibit different responsive color-change behaviors.In addition,this kinetic control strategy can be synergistic with thermodynamic control to extend the color range.This study provides a facile yet effective solution for well-designed PC patterns with tunable,responsive,and unfading colors printed from the simplest single-nozzle printer with a single colorless ink,presenting great potential in broad applications,including information storage,encryption,and anti-fake.展开更多
This paper proposes a frequency domain based methodology to analyse the influence of High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) configurations and system parameters on the travelling wave behaviour during a DC fault. The metho...This paper proposes a frequency domain based methodology to analyse the influence of High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) configurations and system parameters on the travelling wave behaviour during a DC fault. The method allows us to gain deeper understanding of these influencing parameters. In the literature, the majority of DC protection algorithms essentially use thefirst travelling waves initiated by a DC fault for fault discrimination due to the stringent time constraint in DC grid protection. However, most protection algorithms up to now have been designed based on extensive time domain simulations using one specific test system. Therefore, general applicability or adaptability to different configurations and system changes is not by default ensured, and it is difficult to gain in-depth understanding of the influencing parameters through time domain simulations. In order to analyse the first travelling wave for meshed HVDC grids, voltage and current wave transfer functions with respect to the incident voltage wave are derived adopting Laplace domain based component models. The step responses obtained from the voltage transfer functions are validated by comparison against simulations using a detailed model implemented in PSCADTM. Then, the influences of system parameters such as the number of parallel branches, HVDC grid configurations and groundings on the first travelling wave are investigated by analysing the voltage and current transfer functions.展开更多
HVDC technology has undergone many major developments in the past decades,resulting in higher power ratings,increased efficiency,and the availability of effective means for HVDC grid protection.These developments have...HVDC technology has undergone many major developments in the past decades,resulting in higher power ratings,increased efficiency,and the availability of effective means for HVDC grid protection.These developments have made overlay HVDC grids a viable option to shift towards a carbon-free power system,by enabling optimal use of renewable resources.In particular,overlay HVDC grids greatly increase the prospect of building(trans-)continental supergrids to facilitate global economic development.However,overlay HVDC grids still encounter challenges due to the distance and amount of power involved.This paper focuses on analyzing the readiness of the current technologies and the challenges associated with overlay HVDC grids.An in-depth analysis is carried out to evaluate the applicability of current technologies for overlay HVDC grids.Based on the review of recent research and development efforts,the gaps and challenges towards the realization of a global HVDC grid are summarized.展开更多
基金supported by General project of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020MC103,ZR2021MC040)Agricultural Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2022B06,CXGC2022F33).
文摘In recent years,peanut yield and quality are more seriously affected by pod rot disease in China.However,managing this disease has proven challenging due to the wide host range of its pathogens.In this study,four soil samples were collected from fields with pod rot disease in Hebei Province,and 454 pyrosequencing was used to analyze the fungal communities structure within them.All 38490 ITS high-quality sequences were grouped into 1203 operational taxonomic units,the fungal community diversity of four soil samples was evaluated and compared using Shannon index and Simpson index.The results showed that members of Ascomycota were dominant,followed by Basidiomycota.According to the BLAST results at the species level,Guehomyces had the highest abundance,accounting for about 7.27%,followed by Alternaria,Fusarium,and Davidiella.The relative abundance of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from rotting peanuts in soil with peanut rot was higher than that in the control,indicating that Fusarium oxysporum might be one of the main pathogenic fungus of peanut rot in this area.This study delved into the broader fungal community associated with peanut pod rot,providing a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating this disease in agriculture.
文摘Semiconductor photocatalytic technology is widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies to solve current energy and environmental crisis, due to its ability to make effective use of solar energy. In recent years, graphite carbon nitride(g-C3N4), a new type of non-metallic polymer semiconductor photocatalyst, has rapidly become the focus of intense research in the field of photocatalysis because of its suitable bandgap energy, unique structure, and excellent chemical stability. In order to improve its intrinsic shortages of small specific surface area, narrow visible light response range, high electron-hole pair recombination rate, and low photon quantum efficiency, a simple method was utilized to synthesize Br-doped g-C3N4(CN–Br X, X = 5, 10, 20, 30), where X is a percentage mole ratio of NH4 Br to melamine. Experimental results showed that Br atoms were doped into the g-C3N4 lattice by replacing the bonded N atoms in the form of C–N=C, while the derived material retained the original framework of g-C3N4. The interaction of Br element with the g-C3N4 skeleton not only broadened the visible-light response of g-C3N4 to 800 nm with an adjustable band gap, but also greatly promoted the separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carrier and the surface area. The photocurrent intensity of bare CN and CN–Br X(X = 5, 10, 20, 30) catalysts is calculated to be 1.5, 2.0, 3.1, 6.5, and 1.9 μA, respectively. And their specific surface area is measured to be 9.086, 9.326, 15.137, 13.397, and 6.932 m2/g. As a result, this Br-doped g-C3N4 gives significantly enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), achieving a twice enhancement over g-C3N4, with high stability during prolonged photocatalytic operation compared to bare g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, an underlying photocatalytic reduction mechanism was proposed based on control experiments using radical scavengers.
文摘Gearbox in offshore wind turbines is a component with the highest failure rates during operation. Analysis of gearbox repair policy that includes economic considerations is important for the effective operation of offshore wind farms. From their initial perfect working states, gearboxes degrade with time, which leads to decreased working efficiency. Thus, offshore wind turbine gearboxes can be considered to be multi-state systems with the various levels of productivity for different working states. To efficiently compute the time-dependent distribution of this multi-state system and analyze its reliability, application of the nonhomogeneous continuous-time Markov process(NHCTMP) is appropriate for this type of object. To determine the relationship between operation time and maintenance cost, many factors must be taken into account, including maintenance processes and vessel requirements. Finally, an optimal repair policy can be formulated based on this relationship.
文摘The 96 h acute toxic effects of nano-CuO (N-CuO), micro-CuO (M-CuO) and 2+ on Chlorella sp. were investigated in this paper. The results showed that toxicities decreased in an order of Cu2+>N-CuO>M-CuO. The 96 h EC50 of Cu2+ on Chlorella sp. was 1.06 mg /L, and of N-CuO it was 74.61 mg /L, while no pronounced toxicity was observed when the concentration of M-CuO was lower than 160 mg/L. Further experiments were carried out in order to study the toxicity mechanism of nano-CuO on Chlorella sp.. The results of Cu2+ release from N-CuO showed less than 0.2 mg/L Cu2+ were released, so the release of Cu2+ was not responsible for the toxicity. Further experiments showed N-CuO inhibited formation of Chlorophyll A. Content of Chlorophyll A in the control group was 4.75 mg/108 cells, while it declined to 2.89 mg/108 cells for 160 mg/L N-CuO after 96 h, which indicated that N-CuO could inhibit photosynthesis of Chlorella sp.. Moreover, N-CuO condensed with algal cells. It affected the activity of SOD and POD, indicating that N-CuO could cause oxidant stress to Chlorella sp.. These may be the toxicity mechanism.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81803298and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.2020JJ4762.
文摘BACKGROUND mTOR gene is a key component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and its dysregulation is associated with various diseases.Several studies have demonstrated that tea drinking is a protective factor against tuberculosis(TB).This study was designed to explore five single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of mTOR in the Han population of China to determine how their interactions with tea drinking affect susceptibility to TB.AIM To investigate if the polymorphisms of mTOR gene and the gene-tea interaction are associated with susceptibility to TB.METHODS In this case-control study,503 patients with TB and 494 healthy controls were enrolled by a stratified sampling method.The cases were newly registered TB patients from the county-level centers for disease control and prevention,and the healthy controls were permanent residents from Xin'ansi Community,Changsha city.Demographic data and environmental exposure information including tea drinking were obtained from the study participants.We genotyped five potentially functional SNP sites(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,rs12137958,and rs7525957)of mTOR gene and assessed their associations with the risk of TB using logistic regression analysis,and marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the gene-environment interactions.RESULTS The frequencies of four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)were found to be associated with susceptibility to TB(P<0.05).Genotypes GT(OR 1.334),GG(OR 2.224),and GT+GG(OR 1.403)at rs2295080;genotypes CT(OR 1.562)and CT+TT(OR 1.578)at rs2024627,genotypes CT(OR 1.597),CC(OR 2.858),and CT+CC(OR 1.682)at rs1057079;and genotypes CT(OR 1.559)and CT+CC(OR 1.568)at rs7525957 of mTOR gene were significantly more prevalent in TB patients than in healthy controls.The relative excess risk of interaction between the four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)of mTOR genes and tea drinking were found to be-1.5187(95%CI:-1.9826,-1.0547,P<0.05),-1.8270(95%CI:-2.3587,-1.2952,P<0.05),-2.3246(95%CI:-2.9417,-1.7076,P<0.05)and-0.4235(95%CI:-0.7756,-0.0714,P<0.05),respectively,which suggest negative interactions.CONCLUSION The polymorphisms of mTOR(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)are associated with susceptibility to TB,and there is a negative interaction between each of the four SNPs and tea drinking.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant QYZDBSSW-SYS015)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant XDB22040203)
文摘This paper is concerned with propagation of water waves induced by moving bodies with uniformvelocity on the bottom of a channel, a simple model for prescribed underwater landslides. Thefluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, and the flow, irrotational. We apply this modelto a variety of test problems, and particular attention is paid to long-time dynamics of wavesinduced by two landslide bodies moving with the same speed. We focus on the transcritical regimewhere the linear theory fails to depict the wave phenomena even in the qualitative sense since itpredicts an infinite growth in amplitude. In order to resolve this problem, weakly nonlinear theoryor direct numerical simulations for the fully nonlinear equations is required. Comparing results ofthe linear full-dispersion theory, the linear shallow water equations, the forced Korteweg-de Vriesmodel, and the full Euler equations, we show that water waves generated by prescribedunderwater landslides are characterized by the Froude number, sizes of landslide bodies anddistance between them. Particularly, in the transcritical regime, the second body plays a key role incontrolling the criticality for equal landslide bodies, while for unequal body heights, the higher onecontrols the criticality. The results obtained in the current paper complement numerical studiesbased on the forced Korteweg-de Vries equation and the nonlinear shallow water equations byGrimshaw and Maleewong (J. Fluid Mech. 2015, 2016).
基金supported in part by the FAPESPINCTBio (Process 2014/50867-3)FAPESP-CEPOF (2013/072761)+1 种基金support by the Brigham Research InstituteLCV thanks FAPESP for financial support (Process 2013/01284-2)。
文摘Advances in biomimetic three-dimensional(3D) melanoma models have brought new prospects of drug screening and disease modeling, since their physiological relevancy for recapitulating in vivo tumor architectures is more accurate than traditional two-dimensional(2D) cell culture. Gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA) is widely used as a tissue-engineered scaffold hydrogel for 3D cell culture. In the present study, an in vitro 3D malignant melanoma model based on Gel MA was fabricated to evaluate the efficiency of hypericin(Hy)-loaded microemulsion(ME) in photodynamic therapy against melanoma. The ME was produced by the spontaneous emulsification method to enhance the bioavailability of Hy at tumor sites. Hy-loaded MEs were applied to a 3D malignant melanoma model made using 6% Gel MA and the co-culture of B16F10 and Balb/c 3T3 cells,followed by crosslinking using violet light(403 nm). The observation revealed excellent cell viability and the presence of F-actin cytoskeleton network. Hy-loaded MEs exhibited higher phototoxicity and cell accumulation(about threefold) than free Hy, and the cells cultured in the 3D system displayed lower susceptibility(about 2.5-fold) than those in 2D culture.These findings indicate that the developed MEs are potential delivery carriers for Hy;furthermore, Gel MA hydrogel-based modeling in polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) molds is a user-friendly and cost-effective in vitro platform to investigate drug penetration and provide a basis for evaluating nanocarrier efficiency for skin cancer and other skin-related diseases.
基金the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC103,ZR2021MC040)Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2022B06,CXGC2022F33)。
文摘In order to evaluation the efficiency of SRAP markers on genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus,we screened out 17sets of primer pairs which could produce clear and reproducible SRAP bands from 150 SRAP primer pairs.The size of SRAP fragments ranged from 120 to 2100 bp.Primer pair Me10/Em9 produced the maximum number of polymorphic bands(12 bands),while Me8/Em13 produced the fewest number of polymorphic bands(only 1).Through analysis genetic diversity ability of different sets of primer pairs,the set of 12 primer pairs was selected for SRAP genetic marker of A.flavus.Cluster analysis was performed based on the genetic similarity coefficients,which ranged from 0.53 to 0.89.A dendrogram assembled using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages grouped A.flavus samples into 5 main clusters.The results suggested that SRAP marker is a useful molecular technology for the diversity of A.flavus from peanut soils in China.
基金supported by the 1-3-5 project for disciplines of excellence—Clinical Research Incubation Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(2019HXFH059 and 2021HXFH021)the Natural Science Foundation of China(82100282).
文摘Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is an important treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease.However,bleeding after PCI significantly increases the mortality risk.The search for prognostic predictors and optimal antiplatelet therapy for patients with high bleeding risk(HBR)after PCI has been a much researched upon topic in current cardiovascular research.However,there is no widely accepted prognostic model or recommended antiplatelet therapy for patients with PCI-HBR.In this trial,based on prospective multi-center database building,we will analyze the adverse prognostic predictors for patients with PCI-HBR,observe the types of antiplatelet drugs and duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in PCI-HBR patients,and compare the safety and feasibility of different antiplatelet regimens and treatment courses.The prognostic analysis and an appropriate antiplatelet strategy for patients with PCI and high bleeding risk(PPP-PCI)trial will help analyze bleeding risk factors in PCI-HBR patients and explore the appropriate antiplatelet treatment options.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT05369442).The Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital authorized this study(2022 Review#269).The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant no.2018YFA0701902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.61690192+1 种基金Zhejiang Lab under grant no.2020LC0AD01.P.G.acknowledges support from the EiPhi Graduate School under grant no.ANR-17-EURE-0004the French ISITE-BFC programs under grant no.ANR-15-IDEX-0003.
文摘Solitons are self-reinforcing localized wave packets that manifest in the major areas of nonlinear science,from optics to biology and Bose-Einstein condensates.Recently,optically driven dissipative solitons have attracted great attention for the implementation of the chip-scale frequency combs that are decisive for communications,spectroscopy,neural computing,and quantum information processing.In the current understanding,the generation of temporal solitons involves the chromatic dispersion as a key enabling physical effect,acting either globally or locally on the cavity dynamics in a decisive way.Here,we report on a novel class of solitons,both theoretically and experimentally,which builds up in spectrally confined optical cavities when dispersion is practically absent,both globally and locally.Precisely,the interplay between the Kerr nonlinearity and spectral filtering results in an infiinite hierarchy of eigenfunctions which,combined with optical gain,allow for the generation of stable dispersion-less dissipative solitons in a previously unexplored regime.When the filter order tends to infinity,we find an unexpected link between dissipative and conservative solitons,in the form of Nyquist-pulse-like solitons endowed with an ultra-flat spectrum.In contrast to the conventional dispersion-enabled nonlinear Schr?dinger solitons,these dispersion-less Nyquist solitons build on a fully confined spectrum and their energy scaling is not constrained by the pulse duration.Dispersion-less soliton molecules and their deterministic transitioning to single solitons are also evidenced.These findings broaden the fundamental scope of the dissipative soliton paradigm and open new avenues for generating soliton pulses and frequency combs endowed with unprecedented temporal and spectral features.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003094 and 52273010)。
文摘Shape control of mesoporous carbon microparticles(MCMPs)is of critical importance;in particular,asymmetric shapes that can yield unique properties have attracted significant attention.However,the tailored synthesis of asymmetric MCMPs with ordered structures remains challenging.Herein,we report a facile route to prepare asymmetric MCMPs by dynamic neutral interface-guided 3D-confined self-assembly(3D-CSA)of block copolymer/homopolymer(BCP/hP)blends,followed by a self-templated selective direct carbonization strategy.BCP/h P Janus microparticles with ordered hierarchical mesostructures were prepared with emulsion solvent evaporation-induced 3D-CSA.The continuous phase of BCP domains was then crosslinked.Composite asymmetric MCMPs are successfully generated after selective carbonization of the crosslinked continuous phase.This method allows tuning the shape of MCMPs easily by varying the blending ratio of BCP/h P.The composite asymmetric MCMPs combine the advantages of asymmetric shape,ordered structure,high specific surface area,chemical inertness and thermal stability and could provide great possibilities for applications in catalysis,drug delivery,energy conversion and storage.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFC0213106,2018YFC0213101,2018YFC0213102,2018YFC0213103,2018YFC0213104 and 2018YFC0213105)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2108085QD177)the CASHIPS Director’s Fund(No.YZJJ2021QN07)。
文摘Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of air pollution in land,sea,and atmosphere.We present an overview of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China and summarize the progress and main achievements in recent years.China has developed a series of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technologies,including Light Detection and Ranging(LIDAR),turbulent exchange analyzer,air-sea flux analyzer,stereoscopic remote sensing of air pollutants,and oceanic aerosol detection equipment to address the technical bottleneck caused by harsh environmental conditions in coastal ocean regions.Advances in these technologies and equipment have provided scientific assistance for addressing air pollution issues and understanding land-sea-atmosphere interactions over coastal ocean regions in China.In the future,routine atmospheric observations should cover the coastal ocean boundary layer of China.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFA0805100National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92268202,81830013,81970363,82270485,and 81770241)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant 2019B1515120092)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China 202103000016Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(2014002)the Program of National Key Clinical Specialties.Figures 7a,8d and Supplementary Fig.S14a were created with BioRender.com.
文摘Normal high-density lipoprotein(nHDL)can induce angiogenesis in healthy individuals.However,HDL from patients with coronary artery disease undergoes various modifications,becomes dysfunctional(dHDL),and loses its ability to promote angiogenesis.Here,we identified a long non-coding RNA,HDRACA,that is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis by HDL.In this study,we showed that nHDL downregulates the expression of HDRACA in endothelial cells by activating WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2,which catalyzes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of its transcription factor,Kruppel-like factor 5,via sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1P)receptor 1.In contrast,dHDL with lower levels of S1P than nHDL were much less effective in decreasing the expression of HDRACA.HDRACA was able to bind to Ras-interacting protein 1(RAIN)to hinder the interaction between RAIN and vigilin,which led to an increase in the binding between the vigilin protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)mRNA,resulting in a decrease in the expression of PCNA and inhibition of angiogenesis.The expression of human HDRACA in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model inhibited the recovery of angiogenesis.Taken together,these findings suggest that HDRACA is involved in the HDL regulation of angiogenesis,which nHDL inhibits the expression of HDRACA to induce angiogenesis,and that dHDL is much less effective in inhibiting HDRACA expression,which provides an explanation for the decreased ability of dHDL to stimulate angiogenesis.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22005077Heilongjiang Provincial Universities Basal Research Foundation-Youth Innovation Talent Project,Grant/Award Number:145109210Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China,Grant/Award Number:LH2021B032。
文摘Digital light processing(DLP)-based bioprinting technology has recently aroused considerable concerns as a strategy to deliver biomedical materials and/or specific cells to create sophisticated structures for various tissue modeling and regeneration.In this review,we display a concise introduction of DLP bioprinting,and a further discussion on the design and manufacture of DLP(bio)printer with varied bioinks and their biomedical applications toward drug screening,disease modeling,tissue repair,and regenerative medicine.Finally,the advantages,challenges,and perspectives of the DLP printing platforms are detailed.It is believed that DLP bioprinting will play a decisive role in the field of tissue model and regenerative medicine,mainly due to its time-efficient,higher resolution,and amenability to automation for various tissue needs.
基金supported by the CDC’s ELC Program,NYS Unique Federal Award Number NU50CK000516 (NYS Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases).
文摘Background:The public health response to COVID-19 has shifted to reducing deaths and hospitalizations to prevent overwhelming health systems.The amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in wastewater are known to correlate with clinical data including cases and hospital admissions for COVID-19.We developed and tested a predictive model for incident COVID-19 hospital admissions in New York State using wastewater data.Methods:Using county-level COVID-19 hospital admissions and wastewater surveillance covering 13.8 million people across 56 counties,we fit a generalized linear mixed model predicting new hospital admissions from wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from April 29,2020 to June 30,2022.We included covariates such as COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the county,comorbidities,demographic variables,and holiday gatherings.Findings:Wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlated with new hospital admissions per 100,000 up to ten days prior to admission.Models that included wastewater had higher predictive power than models that included clinical cases only,increasing the accuracy of the model by 15%.Predicted hospital admissions correlated highly with observed admissions(r¼0.77)with an average difference of 0.013 hospitalizations per 100,000(95%CI¼[0.002,0.025])Interpretation:Using wastewater to predict future hospital admissions from COVID-19 is accurate and effective with superior results to using case data alone.The lead time of ten days could alert the public to take precautions and improve resource allocation for seasonal surges.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.52003094 and 51933005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.2020kfyXJJS011).
文摘Photonic crystal(PC)patterns with tunable and changeable nonvolatile structural colors printed from a single ink are of great interest for optical products but have rarely been reported because most inks can only output one respective structural color.Herein,we propose a facile yet effective kinetically controlled self-assembly strategy to address this challenge.An ink formulation containing supramolecular block copolymers(SBCPs)is developed.SBCP patterns were printed by direct-ink-writing followed by solvent annealing to generate different structural colors by simply controlling the annealing time.The self-assembly kinetic regime suggests that different colors result from various kinetically trapped metastable states.In turn,the variation in structural color enables“visualization”of the self-assembly dynamics.Furthermore,we demonstrate that these kinetically trapped structures exhibit different responsive color-change behaviors.In addition,this kinetic control strategy can be synergistic with thermodynamic control to extend the color range.This study provides a facile yet effective solution for well-designed PC patterns with tunable,responsive,and unfading colors printed from the simplest single-nozzle printer with a single colorless ink,presenting great potential in broad applications,including information storage,encryption,and anti-fake.
基金funded by Horizon 2020 PROMOTioN(Progress on Meshed HVDC Offshore Transmission Networks)project under Grant Agreement No.691714funded by a research grant of the Research Foundation-Flanders(FWO)
文摘This paper proposes a frequency domain based methodology to analyse the influence of High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) configurations and system parameters on the travelling wave behaviour during a DC fault. The method allows us to gain deeper understanding of these influencing parameters. In the literature, the majority of DC protection algorithms essentially use thefirst travelling waves initiated by a DC fault for fault discrimination due to the stringent time constraint in DC grid protection. However, most protection algorithms up to now have been designed based on extensive time domain simulations using one specific test system. Therefore, general applicability or adaptability to different configurations and system changes is not by default ensured, and it is difficult to gain in-depth understanding of the influencing parameters through time domain simulations. In order to analyse the first travelling wave for meshed HVDC grids, voltage and current wave transfer functions with respect to the incident voltage wave are derived adopting Laplace domain based component models. The step responses obtained from the voltage transfer functions are validated by comparison against simulations using a detailed model implemented in PSCADTM. Then, the influences of system parameters such as the number of parallel branches, HVDC grid configurations and groundings on the first travelling wave are investigated by analysing the voltage and current transfer functions.
基金supported in part by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(HVDC Systems/Grids for Transnational Interconnections)under Grant No.SGTYHT/16-JS-198。
文摘HVDC technology has undergone many major developments in the past decades,resulting in higher power ratings,increased efficiency,and the availability of effective means for HVDC grid protection.These developments have made overlay HVDC grids a viable option to shift towards a carbon-free power system,by enabling optimal use of renewable resources.In particular,overlay HVDC grids greatly increase the prospect of building(trans-)continental supergrids to facilitate global economic development.However,overlay HVDC grids still encounter challenges due to the distance and amount of power involved.This paper focuses on analyzing the readiness of the current technologies and the challenges associated with overlay HVDC grids.An in-depth analysis is carried out to evaluate the applicability of current technologies for overlay HVDC grids.Based on the review of recent research and development efforts,the gaps and challenges towards the realization of a global HVDC grid are summarized.
