This editorial discusses the article written by Zheng et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.Our primary focus is on the causes,location,diagnosis,histological ...This editorial discusses the article written by Zheng et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.Our primary focus is on the causes,location,diagnosis,histological classification,and therapy of ectopic pancreas.Ectopic pancreas refers to the presence of pancreatic tissue that is situated in a location outside its usual anatomical placement,and is not connected to the normal pancreas in terms of blood supply or anatomical struc-ture.Currently,the embryological origin of ectopic pancreas remains uncertain.The most prevalent form of ectopic pancreatic is gastric ectopic pancreas.Endoscopic ultrasonography examination can visualize the morphological charac-teristics of the ectopic pancreatic lesion and pinpoint its anatomical location.The histological categorization of ectopic pancreas evolves.Endoscopic treatment has been widely advocated in ectopic pancreas.展开更多
Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-i...Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet known.In the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of action.In vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial polarization.Lipopolysaccharide,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were administered.RNA-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of dexamethasone.The Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our hypothesis.High-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain injury.Thus dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in vivo.Glucocorticoid receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain injury.Additionally,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is the GR/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.Overactivation of glucocorticoid receptor by high-dose dexamethasone reduced the expression of M2 microglia,which plays an antiinflammatory role.In contrast,inhibiting the activation of glucocorticoid receptor reduced the number of apoptotic glia and neurons and decreased the loss of dendritic spines after traumatic brain injury.Dexamethasone may exe rt its neurotoxic effects by inhibiting M2 microglia through the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.展开更多
The practical deployment of metallic anodes in the energy-dense batteries is impeded by the thermodynamically unstable interphase in contact with the aprotic electrolyte,structural collapse of the substrates as well a...The practical deployment of metallic anodes in the energy-dense batteries is impeded by the thermodynamically unstable interphase in contact with the aprotic electrolyte,structural collapse of the substrates as well as their insufficient affinity toward the metallic deposits.Herein,the mechanical flexible,lightweight(1.2 mg cm^(−2))carbon nanofiber scaffold with the monodispersed,ultrafine Sn_(4)P_(3) nanoparticles encapsulation(Sn_(4)P_(3)NPs@CNF)is proposed as the deposition substrate toward the high-areal-capacity sodium loadings up to 4 mAh cm^(−2).First-principles calculations manifest that the alloy intermediates,namely the Na_(15)Sn_(4) and Na_(3)P matrix,exhibit the intimate Na affinity as the“sodiophilic”sites.Meanwhile,the porous CNF regulates the heterogeneous alloying process and confines the deposit propagation along the nanofiber orientation.With the precise control of pairing mode with the NaVPO4F cathode(8.7 mg cm^(−2)),the practical feasibility of the Sn_(4)P_(3) NPs@CNF anode(1^(*)Na excess)is demonstrated in 2 mAh single-layer pouch cell prototype,which achieves the 95.7%capacity retention for 150 cycles at various mechanical flexing states as well as balanced energy/power densities.展开更多
We herein disclose a modular synthesis of 1-bromomethylene-THIQs involving a Catellani reaction of aryl iodides,aziridines,and terminal alkynes followed by an N-bromosuccinimide(NBS)-mediated cyclization.This approach...We herein disclose a modular synthesis of 1-bromomethylene-THIQs involving a Catellani reaction of aryl iodides,aziridines,and terminal alkynes followed by an N-bromosuccinimide(NBS)-mediated cyclization.This approach features mild reaction conditions,wide substrate scope,good step-economy and good scalability.Based on this new method,we have accomplished the concise total synthesis of(±)-cularine,formal synthesis of 8-oxopseudopalmatine as well as the first total synthesis of dactyllactone A,demonstrating the wide synthetic potential of this method.展开更多
Background:Myxofibrosarcoma(MFS),especially radiation-Induced MFS(RIMFS)in the head and neck,is an extremely rare malignant fibroblastic tumor.The diagnosis and treatment of MFS remain great challenges.In the present ...Background:Myxofibrosarcoma(MFS),especially radiation-Induced MFS(RIMFS)in the head and neck,is an extremely rare malignant fibroblastic tumor.The diagnosis and treatment of MFS remain great challenges.In the present study,we presented one case of RIMFS.Combined with previous literature,the clinical features,essentials of diagnosis,and treatment modalities of MFS in the head and neck were reviewed to better understand this rare entity.Case presentation:We reported a case of RIMFS under the left occipital scalp in a 20-year-old girl with a history of medulloblastoma surgery and radiotherapy in 2006.A total tumor resection was performed with preservation of the overlying scalp the underlying bone,and no adjuvant therapy was administered after the first operation.The postoperative pathological diagnosis was high-grade MFS.The tumor relapsed 6 months later,and then,a planned extensive resection with negative surgical margins was carried out,followed by radiotherapy.No relapse occurred in a 12-month postoperative follow-up.Conclusions:Planned gross total resection(GTR)with negative margins is the reasonable choice and footstone of other treatments for MFS.Ill-defined infiltrated borders and the complicated structures make it a great trouble to achieve total resection of MFS in the head and neck,so adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy seem more necessary for these lesions.展开更多
文摘This editorial discusses the article written by Zheng et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.Our primary focus is on the causes,location,diagnosis,histological classification,and therapy of ectopic pancreas.Ectopic pancreas refers to the presence of pancreatic tissue that is situated in a location outside its usual anatomical placement,and is not connected to the normal pancreas in terms of blood supply or anatomical struc-ture.Currently,the embryological origin of ectopic pancreas remains uncertain.The most prevalent form of ectopic pancreatic is gastric ectopic pancreas.Endoscopic ultrasonography examination can visualize the morphological charac-teristics of the ectopic pancreatic lesion and pinpoint its anatomical location.The histological categorization of ectopic pancreas evolves.Endoscopic treatment has been widely advocated in ectopic pancreas.
基金supported by research grants from the Ningbo Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2022Z143hezuo(to BL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201520(to XD)。
文摘Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet known.In the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of action.In vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial polarization.Lipopolysaccharide,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were administered.RNA-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of dexamethasone.The Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our hypothesis.High-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain injury.Thus dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in vivo.Glucocorticoid receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain injury.Additionally,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is the GR/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.Overactivation of glucocorticoid receptor by high-dose dexamethasone reduced the expression of M2 microglia,which plays an antiinflammatory role.In contrast,inhibiting the activation of glucocorticoid receptor reduced the number of apoptotic glia and neurons and decreased the loss of dendritic spines after traumatic brain injury.Dexamethasone may exe rt its neurotoxic effects by inhibiting M2 microglia through the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5217130394)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(2019KJXX-099,2020YZ0037,2019JLZ-09 and 2019QYPY-194)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC005)Key R&D Program of Shaanxi(No.2019ZDLGY04-05)the Development and Industrialization Fund(2020KJRC0120)。
文摘The practical deployment of metallic anodes in the energy-dense batteries is impeded by the thermodynamically unstable interphase in contact with the aprotic electrolyte,structural collapse of the substrates as well as their insufficient affinity toward the metallic deposits.Herein,the mechanical flexible,lightweight(1.2 mg cm^(−2))carbon nanofiber scaffold with the monodispersed,ultrafine Sn_(4)P_(3) nanoparticles encapsulation(Sn_(4)P_(3)NPs@CNF)is proposed as the deposition substrate toward the high-areal-capacity sodium loadings up to 4 mAh cm^(−2).First-principles calculations manifest that the alloy intermediates,namely the Na_(15)Sn_(4) and Na_(3)P matrix,exhibit the intimate Na affinity as the“sodiophilic”sites.Meanwhile,the porous CNF regulates the heterogeneous alloying process and confines the deposit propagation along the nanofiber orientation.With the precise control of pairing mode with the NaVPO4F cathode(8.7 mg cm^(−2)),the practical feasibility of the Sn_(4)P_(3) NPs@CNF anode(1^(*)Na excess)is demonstrated in 2 mAh single-layer pouch cell prototype,which achieves the 95.7%capacity retention for 150 cycles at various mechanical flexing states as well as balanced energy/power densities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21801193,21871213 and 22071189)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210119,Hong-Gang Cheng)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042021kf0214 and 2042020kf0039)the Start-up Funding from Wuhan University。
文摘We herein disclose a modular synthesis of 1-bromomethylene-THIQs involving a Catellani reaction of aryl iodides,aziridines,and terminal alkynes followed by an N-bromosuccinimide(NBS)-mediated cyclization.This approach features mild reaction conditions,wide substrate scope,good step-economy and good scalability.Based on this new method,we have accomplished the concise total synthesis of(±)-cularine,formal synthesis of 8-oxopseudopalmatine as well as the first total synthesis of dactyllactone A,demonstrating the wide synthetic potential of this method.
文摘Background:Myxofibrosarcoma(MFS),especially radiation-Induced MFS(RIMFS)in the head and neck,is an extremely rare malignant fibroblastic tumor.The diagnosis and treatment of MFS remain great challenges.In the present study,we presented one case of RIMFS.Combined with previous literature,the clinical features,essentials of diagnosis,and treatment modalities of MFS in the head and neck were reviewed to better understand this rare entity.Case presentation:We reported a case of RIMFS under the left occipital scalp in a 20-year-old girl with a history of medulloblastoma surgery and radiotherapy in 2006.A total tumor resection was performed with preservation of the overlying scalp the underlying bone,and no adjuvant therapy was administered after the first operation.The postoperative pathological diagnosis was high-grade MFS.The tumor relapsed 6 months later,and then,a planned extensive resection with negative surgical margins was carried out,followed by radiotherapy.No relapse occurred in a 12-month postoperative follow-up.Conclusions:Planned gross total resection(GTR)with negative margins is the reasonable choice and footstone of other treatments for MFS.Ill-defined infiltrated borders and the complicated structures make it a great trouble to achieve total resection of MFS in the head and neck,so adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy seem more necessary for these lesions.
