Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli(e.g.,mechanical,chemical,electrical,or magnetic signals).The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and developme...Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli(e.g.,mechanical,chemical,electrical,or magnetic signals).The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and development of smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications in dentistry.These biomaterial systems offer improved efficacy and controllable bio-functionalities to prevent infections and extend the longevity of dental devices.This review article presents the current state-of-the-art of design,evaluation,advantages,and limitations of bioactive and stimuli-responsive and autonomous dental materials for antimicrobial applications.First,the importance and classification of smart biomaterials are discussed.Second,the categories of bioresponsive antibacterial dental materials are systematically itemized based on different stimuli,including pH,enzymes,light,magnetic field,and vibrations.For each category,their antimicrobial mechanism,applications,and examples are discussed.Finally,we examined the limitations and obstacles required to develop clinically relevant applications of these appealing technologies.展开更多
持续两年多的新冠肺炎疫情虽然还未结束,但纽约的艺术博览会已经相继回归线下:弗里兹艺术博览会(FriezeArt Fair)、欧洲艺术和古董博览会(TEFAF)、新艺术经销商联盟(NADA)、独立艺术展(Independent)、未来艺术展(Future Fair)先后在纽...持续两年多的新冠肺炎疫情虽然还未结束,但纽约的艺术博览会已经相继回归线下:弗里兹艺术博览会(FriezeArt Fair)、欧洲艺术和古董博览会(TEFAF)、新艺术经销商联盟(NADA)、独立艺术展(Independent)、未来艺术展(Future Fair)先后在纽约开幕。同时,佳士得、苏富比、富艺斯等春季拍卖会扎堆进行;1-54 New York、VOLTA New York等也将随后而至。似乎,纽约艺术界已完全接受了与流行性病毒共存的事实。展开更多
文摘Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli(e.g.,mechanical,chemical,electrical,or magnetic signals).The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and development of smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications in dentistry.These biomaterial systems offer improved efficacy and controllable bio-functionalities to prevent infections and extend the longevity of dental devices.This review article presents the current state-of-the-art of design,evaluation,advantages,and limitations of bioactive and stimuli-responsive and autonomous dental materials for antimicrobial applications.First,the importance and classification of smart biomaterials are discussed.Second,the categories of bioresponsive antibacterial dental materials are systematically itemized based on different stimuli,including pH,enzymes,light,magnetic field,and vibrations.For each category,their antimicrobial mechanism,applications,and examples are discussed.Finally,we examined the limitations and obstacles required to develop clinically relevant applications of these appealing technologies.
文摘持续两年多的新冠肺炎疫情虽然还未结束,但纽约的艺术博览会已经相继回归线下:弗里兹艺术博览会(FriezeArt Fair)、欧洲艺术和古董博览会(TEFAF)、新艺术经销商联盟(NADA)、独立艺术展(Independent)、未来艺术展(Future Fair)先后在纽约开幕。同时,佳士得、苏富比、富艺斯等春季拍卖会扎堆进行;1-54 New York、VOLTA New York等也将随后而至。似乎,纽约艺术界已完全接受了与流行性病毒共存的事实。
